All 2009 ACF Fall: Quizbowl Is My Hot Hot Sex

All 2009 ACF Fall: Quizbowl is my Hot Hot Sex Edited by Evan Adams, Auroni Gupta, Will Nediger, Mehdi Razvi, and George Stevens with help by the honorable Seth Teitler Packet by Vanderbilt (Jack Hartz, Ryan Mastin, Gregory Gauthier, Amanda Johnson, Daichi Ueda), Brown A, and Iowa

Tossups

1. One composer from this country composed the Peacock Variations and Dances of Galanta, and another composer from this nation composed Atmosphères and Lux Aeterna, two pieces included in 2001: A Space Odyssey. The former of those composers based an orchestral suite on his opera about a hussar who defeats Napoleon, Háry János. One composer from this country wrote a Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos, and Brahms composed a set of tunes based on dances from this nation. The primary Romantic composer from this country wrote the Transcendental Etudes and Rhapsodies from here. For 10 points, name this country, home of Béla Bartók and Franz Liszt. ANSWER: Republic of Hungary

2. One character in this novel adorns a cave with marble after burying the protagonist’s severed head in it. The protagonist of this novel steals Voltaire books from a library, and his friend Foque offers him a position in his lumber business. The corrupt poorhouse official Valenod writes an anonymous letter that results in the protagonist losing his tutoring job. After he leaves the seminary at Besancon, the protagonist of this work has his marriage to the wealthy Mathilde de la Mole ended when he shoots at Madame de Renal after she reveals his affair with her. For 10 points, name this novel in which the Napoleonic ambition of Julien Sorel results in his downfall, a novel by Stendhal. ANSWER: The Red and the Black [or Le Rouge et le noir]

3. In Java, the two reserved but unused keywords are const and this keyword. In C languages, its action is performed non-locally by the setjmp keyword. A 1968 letter by E. W. Dijkstra stated that this statement “should be abolished from all ‘higher level’ programming languages.” The title of that article was “[this keyword] considered harmful.” Usage of this statement can lead to disorganized “spaghetti code.” For 10 points, name this programming keyword that performs an unconditional jump to a specific label or line of code and whose inverse is the rarely-used parody, the “comefrom” statement. ANSWER: goto statement [accept unconditional jump before it is read; prompt jump before it is read]

4. This band’s song “Step Out” was relegated to a b-side when Stevie Wonder demanded 10% royalties due to its resemblance to “Uptight.” This group sang that “Sally can wait, she knows it's too late” in a John Osborne inspired song. This group repeatedly asked “Where were you when we were getting high” in a song which inspired the name of a structure that seems to violate the Chandrasekhar limit. This band sang “Don’t Look Back in Anger” and “Champagne Supernova” as part of the “Battle of Britpop” against rival group Blur. For 10 points, name this recently-defunct band fronted by Liam and Noel Gallagher, whose songs include “Supersonic” and “Wonderwall.” ANSWER: Oasis

5. Leo Strauss wrote a book on this thinker’s “critique of religion,” while Lewis Feuer wrote on this man “and the rise of liberalism.” He wrote a Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect and he argued that Ezra, not Moses, was the primary author of the Pentateuch in his Theological-Political Treatise. Another work contains a section entitled “Of Human Bondage,” and decries the anthropomorphizing of God after proving through a series of propositions that God is the only substance in the universe. For 10 points, name this pantheist philosopher who wrote Ethics. ANSWER: Baruch Spinoza [or Benedictus de Spinoza] 6. This man stated in Time magazine that “Every good Christian ought to kick Falwell right in the ass,” in support of Sandra Day O’Conner’s confirmation to the Supreme Court. With Bill Nichols, this man names a piece of 1986 legislation which reformed the command structure of the military. His vote against the Civil Rights Act and support of states’ rights allowed him to gain electoral votes in a region of the country that his party had previously done poorly in, despite being the target of the “Daisy Girl” ad. This Senator gained prominence with the publication of his book The Conscience of a Conservative in 1960. For 10 points, name this Arizona Republican politician whose participation in the presidential election of 1964 resulted in a landslide defeat by Lyndon B. Johnson. ANSWER: Barry Goldwater

7. “Desirable Dominion” and “Good Purpose” are names of two divinities in this religion, whose adherents cross the Chinvat bridge after death. Members of one sect of this religion bury themselves and are eaten as carrion in “towers of silence,” and practitioners of this religion pray in fire temples and revere the Amesha Spentas. The holy book of this religion includes the Vendidad, Yashts, and Yasna, and details the conflict between Ahriman and good. For 10 points, name this religion whose holy book is the Avesta and whose primary god is Ahura Mazda, a religion from Iran. ANSWER: Zoroastrianism [accept Amesha Spentas before “this religion”]

8. This nation's western coast is home to the Arakan Mountains, which extend northward into its state of Chin. This nation’s southernmost reaches are the site of the Mergui archipelago, and its eastern region is dominated by the Shan Plateau. This nation is the home to most of the Mon people, whose historical capital of Thaton lies near the mouth of the Salween River. This nation’s other major river joins the Chindwin near the city of Mandalay and eventually forms a massive delta at the Andaman Sea. The Irrawaddy River is found in, for 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation, whose capital was officially moved to Naypyidaw from Yangon in 2005. ANSWER: Burma [or Myanmar]

9. This compound was initially synthesized via a Dieckmann condensation of pimelic acid followed by complete reduction of the product. It is typically produced by incubating benzene with a rhodium catalyst or under very acidic conditions at high temperatures, resulting in complete hydrogenation of the benzene ring and thus production of this compound. Its substituents are deemed axial or equatorial depending on position relative to the plane, and steric hindrance is minimized in its partially twisted chair conformation, as opposed to the boat isomer. For 10 points identify this saturated hydrocarbon, a cycloalkane which consists of a ring of six carbons with formula C6H12. ANSWER: cyclohexane [accept cyclohexanone before “complete” in first sentence]

10.Humphrey Arundell led a rebellion in Cornwall against this ruler. The Treaty of Greenwich arranged a marriage between this figure and someone who later became consort to Francis II, but that betrothal broke down and resulted in the War of the Rough Wooing. The real power during this man’s reign was held by the first Duke of Somerset and John Dudley, the first Duke of Northumberland, and his reign saw the publishing of the Book of Common Prayer by Thomas Cranmer. This ruler was succeeded by his cousin Jane Grey, although she reigned for only nine days before her execution by Mary I. For 10 points, name this son of Jane Seymour and Henry VIII who reigned for six years as King of England before his death at age sixteen. ANSWER: Edward VI

11.This author wrote an eleven part series about the wealthy son of an arms manufacturer who becomes a secret agent for Franklin Roosevelt. In addition to writing a series about the anti-fascist hero Lanny Budd , this author developed the “End Poverty in California” program as part of his unsuccessful campaign for governor. In one novel by this author, the baby Antanas drowns when left unattended, and the protagonist meets the safecracker Jack Duane in jail. This author wrote about Ona’s death during childbirth in his novel in which Jurgis Rudkus is rescued from the meatpacking industry by the promise of the socialist party. For 10 points, name this author of The Jungle. ANSWER: Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr. 12.In one of this author’s novels, Sir Hargrave Pollexfen kidnaps Harriet Byron, until she is rescued by the title character. In addition to that novel which was a favorite of Jane Austen, this author wrote a work in which Mr. Williams is jailed after smuggling the title character’s letters. This author of Sir Charles Grandison wrote a novel in which Robert Lovelace elopes with the title character after her father Mr. Harlowe locks her in her room. In addition to that “History of a Young Lady,” this author wrote about the domineering “Mr. B” in his novel about “Virtue Rewarded.” For 10 points, name this rival of Henry Fielding and author of the long epistolary novels Clarissa and Pamela. ANSWER: Samuel Richardson

13.One live album by this artist is titled for the Rodgers & Hart showtune My Funny Valentine. One group led by this man performed the first two renditions of Monk’s “Straight, No Chaser,” and that sextet went on to release Porgy and Bess as part of this artist’s collaboration with Gil Evans. One of this man’s albums contains “The Pan Piper” and “Concierto de Aranjuez,” and “Cannonball” Adderley and Herbie Hancock played in his quintets. This artist released Bitches Brew and Sketches of Spain, and included “Flamenco Sketches,” “Freddie Freeloader,” and “So What” on his best known album. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who released Kind of Blue. ANSWER: Miles Dewey Davis III

14.This school’s principles were applied to social behavior by Kurt Lewin, who emphasized the importance of one’s entire “life space.” This school’s primary principle encompasses laws of similarity, continuity, and closure and is known as prägnanz. It is typically dated back to 1912’s Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement, a discussion of effects such as the phi phenomenon that was written by Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler, and Max Wertheimer. For 10 points, name this psychological school which emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. ANSWER: Gestalt

15.This nation was ruled from 1894 to 1909 by the dictator José Santos Zelaya, and its president Adolfo Diaz signed a 1914 treaty with the United States. More recent leaders of this nation have included Enrique Bolaños and Arnoldo Alemán, the latter of whom defeated the National Opposition Union of Violeta Chamorro in 1996. This country was a Cold War ally of the US during the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who had overseen the assassination of populist leader Augusto César Sandino, but became a bastion of socialism after its rightist Contras were defeated by the Sandinistas of Daniel Ortega. For 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua. ANSWER: Nicaragua

16.Libriform fibers are long pit-containing cells found throughout this tissue, and perforation plates found at the ends of this tissue can be described as simple, foraminate, or scalariform. The primary type of this tissue is located closest to the pith, and it is made up of tracheid vessels in most conifers with trachea elements performing most of its function. This tissue must use the evaporation of water at mesophyll cells in leaves and negative back-pressure at the roots to carry out its function in a process called transpirational pull, which allows water and minerals to travel up through plants. For 10 points, identify this dead vascular tissue in plants that functions differently from phloem. ANSWER: xylem

17.For a homogeneous, isotropic material, this quantity is given by three times quantity one minus two times Poisson’s ratio, all over the compressibility. When a certain criterion holds, resilience can be defined as one over twice this quantity times the square of yield stress. Like pressure, it is measured in Pascals, and according to the generalized Hooke’s law, this quantity is equivalent to the slope of a material’s stress-strain curve. Named for the British physicist whose double-slit experiment showed that light is a wave, for 10 points, name this elastic modulus describing the ratio of stress to strain in a material. ANSWER: Young’s modulus [or modulus of elasticity; prompt on “stiffness”] 18.This artist's final paintings included garishly-colored works like Model by the Wicker Chair, while his many self- portraits include The Night Wanderer and a woodcut with a skeleton arm running along the bottom. The majority of his paintings, which include numerous depictions of "vampiric" women, were intended for inclusion in a series entitled The Frieze of Life. His more famous works include a green-walled depiction of his sister’s death from tuberculosis, entitled Death in the Sickroom, as well as a work set along a dock at Ljabrochaussen with a swirling, blood-red sky. For 10 points, name this Norwegian Expressionist painter of The Scream. ANSWER: Edvard Munch

19.One animal of this type was given to Procris after she cured Midas’s curse, but was turned to stone along with the Teumessian fox by Zeus. Four to six heads of this animal are attached to Scylla’s waist, and one of them dies after being the first to see Odysseus on Ithaca. In addition to Laelaps, a two-headed Erytheian type of this animal belonged to Eurytion and protected the red cattle of Geryon. That animal, Orthrus, was the brother of another of these animals that frightens Eurystheus when Hercules brings him out of Hades on a labor. For 10 points, name this animal, examples of which are Sirius and the three-headed Cerberus. ANSWER: dogs [or hounds; or other synonyms; accept wolf on the first clue]

20.Among the infighting that beset this dynasty was a bitter feud between Queens Brunhilda and Fredegunde, while its lesser-known kings included Guntram and Sigebert I. Its later rulers where known as "idle kings", as all of its rulers after Dagobert I relinquished political control to Mayors of the Palace. This dynasty is typically dated back to the Battle of Soissons in 486, when Clovis defeated the last Roman ruler of Gaul, and it officially ended around 750 upon the ascension of Pepin the Short, the father of Charlemagne. For 10 points, name this medieval Frankish dynasty that preceded the Carolingians. ANSWER: Merovingian dynasty

21.One character in this novel is disturbed by an insulting figurine inscribed with the words “At Yo' Service” while working at the house of a family that wants to send her to Oberlin. Another character in this work describes his heart as a tin tobacco box and escapes from a chain gang in Alfred, Georgia. The protagonist of this novel marries Baby Suggs’ son Halle, before giving birth to Denver while escaping from the Gardner owned Sweet Home Plantation. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character returns to haunt Paul D and Sethe, her mother who mercy killed her to free her from slavery, a novel by Toni Morrison. ANSWER: Beloved 2009 ACF Fall: Quizbowl is my Hot Hot Sex Edited by Evan Adams, Auroni Gupta, Will Nediger, Mehdi Razvi, and George Stevens with help by the honorable Seth Teitler Packet by Vanderbilt (Jack Hartz, Ryan Mastin, Gregory Gauthier, Amanda Johnson, Daichi Ueda), Brown A, and Iowa

Bonuses

1. This discrete distribution uses the namesake coefficients to model the number of successes in a series of independent trials, each of which has the same probability of a success. For 10 points each: [10] Name this distribution exemplified by the number of heads seen from tossing a coin N times. ANSWER: binomial distribution [10] As the number of trials goes to infinity with fixed expected number of successes, the binomial distribution approaches this other distribution whose mean is equal to its variance. ANSWER: Poisson distribution [10] This popular continuous distribution can be approximated by the binomial distribution as the number of trials approaches infinity for a fixed probability of success that isn't 0 or 1, according to the Central Limit Theorem. Its functional form is proportional to e to the negative x-squared, and it is also called the normal distribution. ANSWER: Gaussian distribution

2. Many Supreme Court cases hinge on a single principle and, as a result, these cases come to be known for a slogan or doctrine with regards to the decision. Identify some such cases, for 10 points each. [10] This landmark 1896 civil rights case is best known for establishing the principle of “separate but equal.” ANSWER: Plessy v. Fergusson [10] In this 1919 case, Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes used the term “clear and present danger” with regards to first amendment speech rights. ANSWER: Schenk v. United States [10] The doctrine of “executive privilege” was debated in this case which ruled that the President could not invoke the doctrine to prevent incrimination. It was a unanimous eight-zero decision, with Associate Justice William Rehnquist abstaining due to political affiliation. ANSWER: United States v. Nixon

3. This author of “On the Death of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield, 1770” wrote a poem about the artist Scipio Moorhead. For 10 points each: [10] Name this early African American author of “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” who was named after the ship she arrived on. ANSWER: Phyllis Wheatley [10] The frontispiece of Wheatley’s collection Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral includes verifications by Governor Thomas Hutchinson and other dignitaries from this state where she lived. ANSWER: Massachusetts [10] In a poem addressing this figure as “his Excellency,” Wheatley warns “proceed, great chief, with virtue at thy side.” ANSWER: General George Washington

4. This man directed a satire on the Patty Hearst abduction called Cecil B. Demented. For 10 points each: [10] Name this American director of Pink Flamingos and Desperate Living. ANSWER: John Waters [10] Waters directed this 1988 movie about the racial integration of a dance program. It features Ricki Lake as the heroine Edna Turnblad, and its 2008 remake featured John Travolta in drag. ANSWER: Hairspray [10] This Waters directed parody of teen musicals features Iggy Pop and Traci Lords in supporting roles. This film stars a teardrop-tattooed Johnny Depp as the title teen idol. ANSWER: Cry Baby

5. His works include the 1771 painting Penn’s Treaty with the Indians. For 10 points each: [10] Name this historical painter who is best known for a work depicting an event which took place during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec. ANSWER: Benjamin West [10] This is that aforementioned work by West. Three men hold the body of the title figure, while a Native American warrior on the left observes the title character with interest. ANSWER: The Death of General Wolfe [10] West also painted a work by this title, which shares its name with the most famous painting by Albert Pinkham Ryder. In West’s version, the title figure tramples a bunch of half-naked people. ANSWER: Death on a Pale Horse

6. Answer the following about African leaders in the 20th century, for 10 points each. [10] This man who led a 1971 coup against Milton Obote ruled Uganda from 1971-1979 during which time he sparked the Uganda-Tanzania War. ANSWER: Idi Amin [10] In 1980, one year after Amin was removed from power, this man took over as Prime minister of Zimbabwe until 1987 when he took on the presidency. ANSWER: Robert Mugabe [10] This man preceded Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe and is known for forming the Zimbabwe African National Union. He was also sentenced to 10 years in jail for sodomy in 1999. ANSWER: Canaan Banana

7. This novel opens with a description of a “lovely road which runs from Ixopo into the hills” and features the death of Arthur Jarvis at the hands of Absalom Kumalo. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel in which the Zulu minister Stephen Kumalo journeys to Johannesburg. ANSWER: Cry, the Beloved Country [10] Cry, the Beloved Country was written by this South African author of Ah, but Your Land is Beautiful and the play Sponono. ANSWER: Alan Paton [10] This American playwright turned Cry, the Beloved Country into the musical Lost in the Stars and wrote about the romance between Mio and Miriamne in Winterset. He shares his name with the creator of Wing Biddlebaum and George Willard. ANSWER: Maxwell Anderson

8. It takes its name from a “painted porch” in Athens where its earliest adherents met to pose philosophical questions. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this school of Hellenistic and Roman philosophy, whose practitioners included Zeno of Citium and Epictetus. ANSWER: Stoicism [10] This Roman emperor, the last of the Five Good Emperors, is perhaps the most famous Stoic. He collected his philosophical ideas in his Meditations. ANSWER: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus [10] The foremost ideal of Stoicism was this state of mental tranquillity, achieved via complete emotional detachment. It takes its name from the Greek for “not suffering.” ANSWER: apatheia [accept apathy] 9. This protein is activated by the carbamylation of an active-site lysine residue. For 10 points each: [10] Name this most abundant protein on Earth whose energy-wasting tendencies are minimized in the C4 cycle. ANSWER: rubisco [or ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase] [10] Rubisco catalyzes carbon fixation during this metabolic cycle that constitutes the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, leading it to be dubbed the “dark reactions.” ANSWER: Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle [10] This process competes with photosynthesis and occurs when rubisco adds oxygen rather than carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate. Because C4 and CAM plants try to avoid this process, they are hardier when carbon dioxide is low. ANSWER: photorespiration

10.Its northernmost tip is home to L'anse Aux Meadows National Historical Park, a Norse archaeological site sometimes identified with Leif Ericson's colony of Vinland. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this island that, alongside Labrador, constitutes Canada's easternmost province. ANSWER: Newfoundland [10] Newfoundland is separated from Nova Scotia by the Cabot Strait, which connects the Atlantic to this large gulf. It is home to Prince Edward Island. ANSWER: Gulf of Saint Lawrence [10] Just off of Newfoundland's southern coast are these two islands, which form France's sole remaining American possession north of the Caribbean. ANSWER: Saint Pierre & Miquelon

11.Eight bell-like chords open this composer’s second piano concerto. For 10 points each: [10] Name this composer of Symphonic Dances, who wrote a set of variations on a Corelli work and produced a prelude in C sharp minor, but is better known for a symphony setting of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Bells. ANSWER: Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff [10] Rachmaninoff’s more famous set of variations was on the 24th caprice of this Italian violin virtuoso who wrote “La Campanella.” ANSWER: Niccolò Paganini [10] Yet another set of Rachmaninoff variations was on this composer whose piano works include Fantaisie- Impromptu and the “Minute Waltz,” as well as some mazurkas and nocturnes. ANSWER: Frederic Francois Chopin

12.Identify the following about the geography of the Philippines. For 10 points each: [10] This city, founded in 1574, serves as the capital of the Philippines. ANSWER: Manila [10] This island, the largest in the Philippine archipelago, contains both Manila and the country’s largest municipality, Quezon City. ANSWER: Luzon [10] This southern island is the second largest in the archipelago and contains the Moro dominated Muslim region. ANSWER: Mindinao

13.Its structure is termed the Madras triple helix and consists of three left-handed helices braided around each other in right-handed fashion. For 10 points each: [10] Name this fibrous protein often used in cosmetic surgery, which is the main component of human ligament and cartilage. ANSWER: collagen [10] This amino acid makes up about one-third of most types of collagen, where it prevents steric clashes between the three coils. Its side chain consists of a single hydrogen atom. ANSWER: glycine [or G; or Gly] [10] This Indian scientist and Kartha published the Madras helix structure of collagen. His namesake plot allows visualization of the different conformations of a peptide bond at given phi and psi angles. ANSWER: Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran 14.Answer the following questions regarding the evolution of the European Union, for 10 points each. [10] In 1951, six countries including France, Italy, and Belgium signed the Treaty of Paris in order to create which economic entity that was the forerunner of the EU? ANSWER: the European Coal and Steal Community [or ECSC] [10] The European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community were both created by treaties signed in which European capital in 1957? ASNWER: Rome [10] One of the few large Western European countries that has not joined the EU is this founding member of the European Free Trade Area, which has voted down membership twice, unlike neighboring Finland and Sweden. ANSWER: Kingdom of Norway [or Kongeriket Norge]

15.Justine Moritz is condemned for William’s death in this novel, in which the sea captain Robert Walton hears the protagonist’s account. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel in which the title scientist is unable to avenge the deaths of his wife and his friend Clerval at the hands of his title creation. ANSWER: Frankenstein [10] This author of Frankenstein also wrote the apocalyptic The Last Man. ANSWER: Mary Shelley [10] Viktor Frankenstein marries his cousin of this name before she is strangled by the monster. This name is shared by Reverend Hooper’s wife in The Minister’s Black Veil and Laura’s sister in “Goblin Market.” ANSWER: Elizabeth [or Lizzie]

16.This author of The Well of Days wrote about “The Bride” poisoning her brutal husband Rodka in The Village. For 10 points each: [10] Name this author who wrote of the title magnate’s visit to Capri and return to America in a coffin in his short story “The Gentleman from San Francisco.” ANSWER: Ivan Bunin [10] This other author wrote about Polygraph Polygraphovich in The Heart of a Dog, and is best known for including Satan in his The Master and Margarita. ANSWER: Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov [10] Ivan Bunin and Mikhail Bulgakov both hailed from this country, which was also home to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. ANSWER: Russia [or USSR; or the Soviet Union]

17.Answer the following about the effects of a magnetic field for 10 points each. [10] A concept useful in NMR, the Larmor type of this phenomenon is experienced by a particle with a magnetic moment in a magnetic field. It is more generally the change in orientation of a rotating body’s axis of rotation and might also involve nutation. ANSWER: precession [10] A magnetic field can split an atom’s spectral lines, thereby separating degenerate energy levels according to this effect whose strong-field generalization is named for Paschen and Beck. It is named for a Dutch physicist. ANSWER: Zeeman effect [10] Polarized light traveling along the magnetic field will rotate its polarization plane in this effect, whose namesake also names a conductive cage that helps shield the interior from external electric fields.. ANSWER: Faraday rotation/effect 18.His paintings include Houses at L’Estaque, Violin and Pitcher, and Still Life with Playing Cards. For 10 points each: [10] Name this French painter who also painted collages such as Le Courrier and Musical Forms using materials such as wrapping paper and cardboard. ANSWER: Georges Braque [10] This colleague of Braque painted such works as Nude in a Black Armchair and The Old Guitarist. Many of his paintings depict his mistresses Marie-Thérèse Walter and Dora Maar. ANSWER: Pablo Picasso [10] Braque and Picasso pioneered this art movement which was divided into “analytic” and “synthetic” forms, and whose other proponents included Amédée Ozenfant and Juan Gris. ANSWER: cubism

19.Name these representatives at the Congress of Vienna, for 10 points each. [10] This Austrian advocate of a balance of power was the primary host of the Congress. ANSWER: Klemens von Metternich [10] This Foreign Secretary who served as leader of the House of Commons and had a notable duel with George Canning represented Britain for the majority of the Congress. ANSWER: Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh [10] This former minister of education and linguist whose work foreshadowed the Sapier-Whorf hypothesis assisted Prince von Hardenburg in the Prussian delegation. ANSWER: Wilhelm von Humboldt

20.This figure authored the Kaali Kitab and was opposed by his brother Vibhishana. For 10 points each: [10] Name this figure that received the nectar of immortality from Brahma and stored it in his navel, a ten-headed and twenty-handed rakshasa who kidnapped Sita and ruled over Lanka. ANSWER: Ravana [10] Ravana was defeated by Rama, who is the seventh avatar of this preserver deity. This husband of Lakshmi rides Garuda and forms the trimurti with Brahma and Shiva. ANSWER: Vishnu [10] While battling Ravana, Rama was assisted by this deity, who lifted an entire mountain for a life-restoring herb and who also became a five-faced deity to extinguish five lamps at once. ANSWER: Hanuman [or Anjaneya]

21.Answer these questions about a certain philosophical school. [10] This school deals with the structure of consciousness, and its name appears in the title of a Hegel work about “spirit.” ANSWER: phenomenology [10] This French phenomenologist’s first published work was The Structure of Behavior, whose ideas were developed in his magnum opus, Phenomenology of Perception. ANSWER: Maurice Merleau-Ponty [10] This writer of Cartesian Meditations and Logical Investigations once taught Martin Heidegger, and is considered the founder of phenomenology. ANSWER: Edmund Husserl