DACQ Nationals Prep Packet 3: Tossups

1. This man's medical background informed his early short story collection Notes of a Young Doctor, which was eclipsed in popularity by his Diaboliad. Persikov accidentally irradiates some amoeba in one work, which sees a monstrous repile outbreak. Besides The Fatal Eggs, this author wrote of professor Preobrazhensky, who implants a pituatary gland into Sharik, making him (*) human. His best-known work tells of one title character's duties as hostess at a party on Walpurgis night and the cat Behemoth. FTP, identify this Russian author Heart of a Dog and The Master and Margarita. ANSWER: Mikhail Bulgakov

2. This man's initial rise to popularity came in large part from his opposition to Huge Banzer's “Dignity Plan,” and he used the backing of MAS to capitalize on the resignation of Carlos Mesa to gain his current position. He was forced to withdraw an attempt to remove Catholocism from his nation's educational system but was able to put forth a plan for (*) indigenous language education. More drastic policies like nationalizing the natural gas industry are indicative of his socialist platform. FTP, identify this man who used his beginning as the leader of a group of coca farmers to rise to the presidency of Bolivia. ANSWER: Evo Morales

3. This ruler got into a spat with Parliament over a refusal to dismiss the Duke of Buckingham after the failure of a naval expedition to Cadiz, and after a marriage proposal with Philip III's daughter fell through because he would not convert to Catholicism, this ruler married Henrietta Maria of France. Further Parliamentary tension was exacerbated by the (*) Petition of Rights against him. He called the Short Parliament in order to raise money for his Bishops' Wars against Scotland. FTP, name this English monarch, successor of James I who was beheaded by the English parliament. ANSWER: Charles I Stuart

4. J.P. Allouche and J. Shallit provided a complete proof that the Thue-Morse constant has this property, while all Liouville numbers by definition hold this property. The Gelfond-Schneider constant is a special variety of one of these numbers as it can be expressed as a raised to the b power, where a is algebraic and b is irrational. The focus of Hilbert’s (*) Seventh problem, FTP, identify these number which cannot be the solutions to polynomials with integer coefficients, best exemplified by e and pi. ANSWER: Transcendental numbers or transcendence

5. Demerit ones are considered unhealthy in a social or even physical sense, while those classified as Search require prior investigation and were compared by Philip Nelson to those of the experience variety. Utility cannot be measured in the Credence type. Public ones have the free rider problem, while (*) normal ones increase in quantity demanded as income rises. Final, but not intermediate ones are counted in GDP, while types that increase in quantity demanded as price rises are named after Giffen. FTP, identify this term signifying something that can be bought, usually paired with services. ANSWER: Goods

6. One character in this work maintains that The Brothers Karamazov has everything necessary to understand life. Other characters include Valencia, the wife of the protagonist who dies of carbon monoxide poisoning and Edgar,, who is killed for trying to steal a teapot. Paul Lazarro will kill and and (*) has killed the protagonist because Roland Weary died, while Montana Wildhack is kidnapped by plunger-shaped Tralfamadorians. FTP, the firebombing of Dresden caused Billy Pilgrim to become unstuck in time in what novel by Kurt Vonnegut? ANSWER: Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance With Death

7. Act 3 of this opera contains a notable scene in which the crowd is harshly rebuked after the death of a slave owned by the Prince of Tartary. In Act 2, Emperor Altoun declares the solemn endurance of an oath, which prompts the moving opera “Nessun Dorma” in an effort to reveal a certain character's (*) name. That oath involves solving three riddles to wed the Emperor's daughter, and features the aria “In questa reggia.” FTP, name this Giacomo Puccini opera whose hilariously stereotypical depiction of imperial China features characters named Ping, Pang, and Pong. ANSWER: Turandot

8. One dissident from this group founded a group known as “Pure Water” or “the Eight Trigrams, and they venerated “brilliant kings” and “the Earth Mother” and prompted the fall of Heshen. Their principles inspired one man to outlaw pillaging, but that man, Zhu Yuanzhang, disavowed both this group and the Red Turban sect upon becoming the Hongwu emperor. A millenial sect predicting the arrival of the (*) Buddha Maitreya, this group's most famous action was finally put down by the Jiaqing emperor, but demonstrated the weakness of the Manchus. For ten points, identify this colorfully and florally named Chinese Buddhist rebel group. ANSWER: White Lotus Society

9. The end of this process sees the release of cortical granules which cover the perivitelline space, and an anteroposterior axis is established as soon as this occurs in C. elegans. Phospholipase Cdelta4 facilitates this process in most mammals, and (*) Fertilin promotes binding of membranes in its final step. It begins when the zona pellucida is penetrated. For 10 points, identify this event that occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a zygote. ANSWER: Fertilization (prompt on “conception” early; do not accept “life”)

10. This author used a lecherous lemonade vendor in his reworking of Macbeth. A detective interrupts the lives of Madeleine and Choubert in one play, while he attacked religion in his final drama Hunger and Thirst as well as The Tragedy of Language. This creator of Victims of Duty also told of the Old Man and the Old Woman, who are the final occupants of (*) The Chairs, while Exit the King revives a famous character, Berenger. FTP, identify this absurdist who introduced the Martins and Smiths to the Fire Chief in The Bald Soprano and also wrote of some horn-growing townsfolk in Rhinoceros. ANSWER: Eugene Ionesco

11. This mythological figure nearly died after one hundred whales and lions proved insufficient bounty, but was saved by the cowardice of Hymir. Utgard-Loki was responsible for on episode in which this figure appeared as a cat and embarrassed another figure who could not lift him. In one clash with his primary foe, he is hooked on a fishing line and barely escapes being thrashed with (*) Mjolnir. His final encounter with that foe, Thor, will be at Ragnarok – where they will, of course, kill each other. FTP, identify this huge snake that encircles the world in Norse myth. Answer: Jormungandr or The Midgard Serpent or The World Serpent

12. Postulated in 1930 by Wolfgang Pauli in order to preserve conservation of momentum, angular momentum and energy during beta decay, they were first observed by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines near a nuclear power plant. Denoted by the Greek letter (*) Nu, they lack an electric charge, were thought to be massless until recently and exist in the muon, tau, and electron varieties. FTP name these nearly massless, elementary particles, with spin one half, whose name was coined by Enrico Fermi and can notably pass through most ordinary matter. Answer: Neutrino

13. They were campaigned against by Godoy in the Convention War, and one notable leader was Elyon, first count of Alava. Liuvigild was responsible for a notable massacre of their border towns, and another famous group of them was defeated by Alfonso the Battler. That kingdom allied with Pamplona when members of this group won the Battle of (*) Roncevaux, and reflected Visigothic lineage, one of the reasons their eponymous language is similar to Navarrese. Ignatius of Loyala was, FTP, a member of what ethnic group, most of which is located in Spain and which is supported by the separatist organization ETA. ANSWER: Basques

14. Albedo neutron decay and longitudinal slowing is likely responsible for creating their different types, and Starfish Prime created an artificial one. A portion of the Living with a Star program is devoted to analyzing the relativistic nature of particles in these entities, in which ring currents have been observed. O+ ions in flux form a “tail” associated with them, and their closest approach to earth occurs at the South Atlantic Anomaly. Volcanoes and lightning may contribute to their formation, but the prevailing theory involves (*) geomagnetic storms for the “outer” variety. FTP, identify these fields of plasma held in a toriod shape by the Earth's magnetic field, bands of radiation named for an American Astronomer. ANSWER: Van Allen Belts

15. In one work, a character with this position allies himself with Constance to wage war against King John. In the Henry VI, Part III, another man with this position declares war against the Earl of Warwick, mostly out of spite. In All’s Well that End’s Well, Helena is allowed to marry Bertrama after she cures a person who has this (*) regal title, while another man in this position supplies soldiers to King Lear after marrying Cordelia. FTP, identify this position, the monarch of a rival of England, one of whom is defeated at Agincourt in another play. ANSWER: King of France (accept any equivalents, prompt on “King”)

16. To the east, west and north of this city are Gobabis, Rehoboth, and Okahandja. Resting on the Khomas Highlands, its two native names are Otjomuise and Ai-Gams, both of which are derived from Naman and Herero words that reference hot springs. It served as the capital of the largest African League of Nations Mandates, (*) German South-West Africa. A name possibly derived from Afrikaans words meaning “corner of wind” adorns, FTP, what capital of Namibia? ANSWER: Windhoek

17. One of his early works depicts an elderly Greek athlete who, after attempting to split a tree trunk and getting stuck, is eaten by a lion while screaming for help. That sculpture, Milo of Croton, was initially criticized for its resemblance to a work of Pierre Puget, but it later gained this sculptor acceptance into the Académie des beaux-arts. He later sculpted a shy girl about to bather, The Bather, as well as (*) L’Amour. FTP, name this French artist and student of Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, who along with Pigalle and Clodion led Rococco sculpture with works like The Bronze Horseman. ANSWER: Étienne Maurice Falconet

18. Events that set this action in motion included one man's critical Marburg Speech, challenges against the “Rubber Lion,” and a key figure's objection to Paragraph 175 of a certain legal code. Perhaps deriving its name from the massacre of Vortigern's men by mercenaries in Arthurian legend, this event was originally codenamed Kolibri [Koh – Lee – Bree], or Operation (*) Hummingbird. Targeting political dissidents and enemies the main thrust of this event was to ostensibly avoid an impending coup. It featured the killing of hundreds and the arrest of thousands nationwide was carried out by the SS and Gestapo. FTP name this 1934 Nazi purge of the SA that most chiefly targeted Ernst Rohm. Answer: Night of the Long Knives

19. In this film, Chips is sent with a sandwich on an operation to aid Andy, who earlier demonstrated his marksmanship by shooting “Jay Leno.” The film's opening credits run to Johnny Cash's “The Man Comes Around” and Tom Savini, who starred in the first film of this name, has a cameo as a sheriff who declares that “you have to (*) shoot them in the head.” Mekhi Phifer, Ving Rhames, and Sarah Polley are trapped in a mall after the local populace starts getting bitey. FTP, identify this 2004 remake of George Romero classic, in which zombies eat just about everyone. ANSWER: Dawn of the Dead

20. Terry Jones published a work examining the marital status of this author. He may have learned another language to help write his tale about an Amenian Queen, Anelida and Arcite, and employed heroic couplets to praise nine mythological females in The Legend of the Good Women. This author of The Book of the Duchess mentions St. Valentine’s Day as a day for lovers in his (*) Parlement of Fowls, and created a definitive version of a Trojan War legend in Troilus and Cressida. FTP, identify this early English author, best known for describing some pilgrims on the way to see Thomas-a-Becket's grave in The Canterbury Tales. ANSWER: Geoffrey Chaucer DACQ Nationals Prep Packet 3: Bonuses

1. Bonus: Its thirteenth chapter examines the work of Levi-Strauss while its first chapter helped popularize the term "thick description." FTPE: [10] Identify this work whose fifteenth chapter, "Deep Play," is famous for its "Notes on the Balinese Cockfight." ANSWER: The Interpretation of Cultures [10] This anthropologist and author of Islam Observed and The Religion of Java wrote The Interpretation of Cultures. ANSWER: Clifford Geertz [10] Geertz joined the anthropology department of this Midwestern university, which also names an economics school emphasizing free-market policies helmed by George Stigler and Milton Friedman. ANSWER: University of Chicago

2. Bonus: Answer these questions about the simplest of molecules, FTPE: [10] The simplest alkane, this gas is known for its abundance and for its clean burning process. ANSWER: Methane [10] This simplest alkyne is also called Ethyne. It can be reacted with aldehydes to yield ethynyl diols. ANSWER: Acetylene [10] This colorless liquid is notable for its nearly colorless burning and its controversial use as an alternative fuel. It is the simplest alcohol. ANSWER: Methanol

3. Bonus: Chikako was formerly the protagonist’s father’s mistress. FTPE, [10] Name this novel in which Kikuji Mitani learns about the traditional Japanese tea ceremony after his father’s death. ANSWER: Thousand Cranes FTPE, answer these questions about an author. [10] This author of Thousand Cranes wrote about the last match of retiring master Shusai’s career in The Master of Go. ANSWER Yasunari Kawabata [10] Kikuko has a secret abortion in this novel told from the perspective of the aging patriarch Shingo Ogata. ANSWER: The Sound of the Mountain

4. Bonus: One major source of tension within this organization was Eldridge Cleaver, whose book Soul on Ice suggested the systematic rape of white women. FTPE: [10] Identify this organization founded in part in 1966 by Huey Newton, which focused on protecting and enhancing African-American communities and civil rights. ANSWER: Black Panther Party (for Self-Defense) [10] The Black Panthers iterated their principles in this declaration, which called for a certain number of provisions include freedom from unemployment, starvation, poverty, homelessness, and military service for the African-American community. ANSWER: Ten Point Program [10] This other co-founder of the Black Panthers was put on trial a second time for the death of Alex Rackley in New Haven. His earlier outbursts during the Chicago 8 trial earned him a separate case, thus explaining why the trial is alternatively referred to as the Chicago 7. ANSWER: Bobby Seale

5. Bonus: His mascot is the “Dropout Bear,” a reference to his first album, The College Dropout. FTPE: [10] Identify this rapper who scored hits with “Homecoming” and “Stronger” to complement the success of “Gold Digger” and “Diamonds from Sierra Leone.” ANSWER: Kanye West [10] After the death of his mother during a plastic surgery procedure, Kanye West began performing this song by Journey at live shows as a tribute. It was also featured in the series finale of HBO's The Sopranos. ANSWER: Don't Stop Believing [10] When West memorably declared “George Bush doesn't care about black people,” he earned a seriously disturbed look from this actor and SNL alum with whom he was co-telethoning. He stars in the likely horrendous The Love Guru. ANSWER: Mike Myers

6. Bonus: Name these things associated with the Beat Generation, FTPE: [10] Sal Paradise narrates this novel featuring Dean Moriarty. It was typeset onto a massive scroll by its author, Jack Kerouac. ANSWER: On The Road [10] Perhaps the best-known contribution of beatnik Lawrence Ferlinghetti is not his poetry, but rather this bookstore in San Francisco. ANSWER: City Lights Bookstore [10] This poem had its first reading at the City Lights Bookstore, and declares “I saw the best of minds of my generation destroyed by madness.” It is dedicated to Carl Solomon. ANSWER: Howl (by Allen Ginsburg)

7. FTPE, answer these things about a philosopher. [10] This man is best known for creating the categorical imperative and for penning The Critique of Pure Reason. ANSWER: Immanuel Kant [10] Kant first introduced the categorical imperative in this work, which delineated four cases for ethical conduct and discussed a priori morality. ANSWER: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals [10] When this man initially published his Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation it was mistakenly believed to be a new work by Kant, this philosopher is also known for his patriotic Addresses to the German Nation. ANSWER: Johann Fichte

8. Bonus: Identify these effects, FTPE: [10] Atoms bound in a solid form will absorb and emit gamma rays without recoil in this effect named for a German physicist. ANSWER: Mossbauer Effect [10] When differences in temperature are converted directly to electricity, this effect occurs. Along with the Peltier and Thomson effects, it composes the thermoelectric effect. ANSWER: Seebeck Effect [10] A magnetic field perpendicular to the current is applied to create this effect, which describes the potential difference on the two sides of the conductor. It has a quantum version. ANSWER: Hall Effect 9. Bonus: Name these John Keats poems, FTPE: [10] Inspired by a trip to see the Elgin Marbles, this work begins “Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness, / Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time,” and ends “Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all /Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.” ANSWER: Ode on a Grecian Urn [10] Named for the shepherd in Greek mythology who is currently in an eternal slumber, this poem begins “A thing of beauty is a joy for ever” and continues for 992 lines. ANSWER: Endymion [10]“The sedge has withered from the lake and no birds sing” in this work in which a knight-of-arms is held enraptured by the title figure. ANSWER: La Belle Dame Sans Merci

10. This post was held briefly by Gladwyn Jebb before its first occupant was elected. FTPE: [10] Identify this position, held by men like Javier Perez de Cuellar. ANSWER: Secretary General of the United Nations [10] Perez de Cuellar became Secretary General after China repeatedly blocked the re-election of this man, who himself succeeded U Thant. Recent records indicate he may have been involved in Nazi collaboration. ANSWER: Kurt Waldheim [10] This South Korean diplomat and atomic energy expert is the current UN Secretary General, having succeeded Kofi Annan. ANSWER: Ban Ki-Moon

11. Bonus: Identify these concepts from Java programming FTPE: [10] Java is platform independent because a compiler first translates the code into Java bytecode, which is then run on this type of program, abbreviated “VM.” ANSWER: Virtual Machine [10] All functions in Java are this type of function, which identifies a subroutine associated with either a class or an object. ANSWER: Method [10] The main method in a Java class must be of this return type. ANSWER: Void

12. Bonus: The defection of 10,000 Qarluc mercenaries proved decisive in this battle. FTPE: [10] Identify this 751 battle in which Chinese expansion was checked in present-day Kazakhstan by Abbasid forces on the banks of a namesake river. ANSWER: Battle of Talas [10] This Chinese dynasty sent the forces that lost the Battle of Talas. It is better known for An Lushan's revolt, the poetry of Li Po and Tu Fu, and tens of thousands of meddlesome eunuchs. ANSWER: Tang Dynasty [10] Perhaps the most important result of the Battle of Talas was the transmission to the Islamic World and eventually Europe of paper-making technlogy, first developed by this Eunuch of Empress Deng Sui. ANSWER: Cai Lun

13. Bonus: FTPE, answer the following questions about a Russian artwork: [10] This statue of Peter the Great is a major landmark of St. Petersburg. It comes to life in a Pushkin work. ANSWER: The Bronze Horseman (accept The Copper Horseman) [10] The Bronze Horseman was sculpted by this French sculptor. ANSWER: Etienne Maurice Falconet [10] Falconet is associated with this art movement, whose major practitioners include Tiepolo, Fragonard, and Watteau. ANSWER: Rococo

14. Bonus: Their name comes from an Occitan word meaning “to find” and examples of people in this profession include Peirol and Chretien du Troyes. FTPE: [10] Name this class of medieval poets, located mostly in Southern France, who excelled at wooing ladies-in-waiting. ANSWER: Troubadours [10] The most famous troubadour by far is Arnaut Daniel, who is best known for creating this poetic form that has 39 lines in his poem “La ferm voler.” ANSWER: Sestina [10] The troubadours heavily influenced this poet of “Atalanta in Calydon” and “Songs before Sunrise.” He even employs a double sestina in some of his verses. ANSWER: Algernon Swinburne

15. Bonus: Identify these historical groups who were mad as hell and were not going to take it anymore, FTPE: [10] This Spanish movement, calling for an alternate line of the House of Bourbon to be placed on the throne, managed to persist from 1833 well through the Franco Regime. ANSWER: Carlists or Carlism [10] A six-point declaration became the namesake of this group of British social reformers during the mid 1800s. Demands incldued universal suffrage and electoral district reform, and they were notably led by Feargus O'Connor. ANSWER: Chartists or Chartism [10] This group, more properly known by cheery moniker “Unification or Death,” was a Serbian secret society bent on Pan-Slavism. Noted member Gavrilo Princip shot someone in Sarajevo, possibly triggering some negative backlash. ANSWER: Black Hand

16. Bonus: It has a value of six on the Mohs scale. FTPE: [10] Identify this mineral which crystallizes from magma and may account for over 50% of the Earth's crust. ANSWER: Feldspar [10] This type of feldspar forms when K-feldspar and albite endmembers form a solid solution. It is usually contrasted with plagioclase feldspar, and is found prominently in granite. ANSWER: Orthoclase Feldspar [10] This form of feldspar is distinguished from the poatassium-rich microline form by its extremely high temperature, and is fittingly found volcanic rocks like rhyolite and obsidian. ANSWER: Sanidine Feldspar

17. Bonus: Identify these fire deities, FTPE: [10] This Greek god of the forge made lots of nice weapons for everyone. That didn't stop Ares from cuckolding him, after which this cripple paraded the god of war around in a net. He ANSWER: Hephaestus [10] This Vedic god of fire fulfills the role of acceptor of sacrifices in Hinduism. He is also a messenger and is depicted with two heads, a sword, and a really huge axe. ANSWER: Agni [10] Usually seen either as an old woman or a beautiful seductress, this Polynesian deity slept with her sister's husband, triggering a series of events that eventually forced her to immolate everyone she knew. ANSWER: Pele

18. Bonus: Identify these Latin American poets, FTPE: [10] His first poem “Wild Moon” was written at age 19, before he published The Labyrinth of Solitude and “Sun Stone.” He would win the 1991 Nobel Literature Prize. ANSWER: Octavio Paz BONUS: This author, also a Nobel Laureate, is famed for poetry collections like Book of Twilights, Residencia, Poets of the World Defend the Spanish People, Canto General and Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. ANSWER: Pablo Neruda or Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto [10] The only Nobel Laureate in Literature from Guatemala is this magical realist who penned Men of Maize and Legends of Guatemala. He also translated the Popol Vuh into Spanish. ANSWER: Miguel Angel Asturias

19. Bonus: They state that the Meek shall inherit the earth and the Pure of Heart shall see god. FTPE: [10] Identify these statements uttered by Christ which focus on the divine reward of those who endure hardship on earth. ANSWER: The Eight Beatitudes [10] The Beatitudes were discussed during this event, which also saw the introduction of the Lord's Prayer and a discussion of the Golden Rule. ANSWER: The Sermon on the Mount [10] The Beatitudes are described principally in this gospel, traditionally grouped as the first of the four in the New Testament. ANSWER: Gospel According to Matthew

20. Bonus: Among his works are Suite for Voice and Violin and Ciranda. FTPE: [10] Identify this twentieth century composer. ANSWER: Heitor Villa-Lobos [10] This magnum opus of Heitor Villa-Lobos seeks to synthesize the music of his native country with that of a certain European composer. ANSWER: Bachianas Brasileiras [10] This style of Brazilian music, popularized by the 1959 film Black Orpheus, was used heavily in several pieces by Villa-Lobos. It focuses more on harmonics and less on percussion than Samba. ANSWER: Bossa Nova