Sound Unit Guide

Inside the Earth Contents:

Chapter/Section Name Page

Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics ……………………..………4

1. Earth’s Interior…………………………………………………….6

 Describe layers of the Earth as a lithosphere (crust & upper mantle). convecting mantle, and dense metallic core (E.SE.06.53)  Describe the Earth as a magnet and compare the magnetic properties of the Earth to that of a natural or man-made magnet (E.SE.06.61)  Explain how a compass works using the magnetic field of the Earth, and how a compass is used for navigation on land and sea (E.SE.06.62)

NOTE: More resources will be needed to teach the Magnetic Field pieces.

2. Convection and the Mantle……………………………………….14

 Describe layers of the Earth as a lithosphere (crust & upper mantle). convecting mantle, and dense metallic core (E.SE.06.53)

3. Drifting Continents……………………………………………….18

 Explain how rocks and fossils are used to understand the age and geological history of the Earth (E.ST..06.31)  Describe how fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed (E.ST.06.42)  Describe geologic, paleontologic, and paleoclimatalogic evidence that indicates Africa and South America were once part of a single continent. (E3.p3A – High School Pre-Requisite)

4. Sea-floor Spreading………………………………………………23

 Explain plate tectonic movement and how the lithospheric plates move centimeters each year (E.SE.06.51)

5. The Theory of Plate Tectonics……………………………………32

 Explain plate tectonic movement and how the lithospheric plates move centimeters each year (E.SE.06.51)  Demonstrate how major geological events (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain building) result from these plate motions (E.SE.06.52)  Describe the three types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent and transform) and geographic features associated with them (eg.continental rifts, mid-ocean ridges, volcanic and island arcs, deep-sea trenches, transform faults) (E3.p3B High School Pre-requisite) Chapter 2 Earthquakes…………………………..…….42

1. Forces in Earth’s Crust……………………………………………44

 Demonstrate how major geological events (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain building) result from these plate motions (E.SE.06.52)

Chapter 3 Volcanoes…………………...………………80

1. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics……………………………………82

 Demonstrate how major geological events (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain building) result from these plate motions (E.SE.06.52)

4. Volcanic Landforms ……………………………………………...99  Describe the three major types of volcanoes (shield volcano, stratovolcano, and cinder cones) and their relationship to the Ring of Fire (E3.p3C High School Pre-requisite)

NOTE: Only cover the 3 types of volcanoes. Notice that our book uses the term composite volcano instead of stratovolcano)

Chapter 4 Minerals……………………………………..112

1. Properties of Minerals…………………………………………….114

 Rocks and rock formations bear evidence of the minerals, materials, temperature/pressure conditions, and forces that created them (E.SE.M.4)  Identify common rock forming minerals (quartz, feldspar, biotite, calcite, hornblende) (E3.p2A – High School Pre-requisite)

2. How Minerals Form………………………………………………124

 Rocks and rock formations bear evidence of the minerals, materials, temperature/pressure conditions, and forces that created them (E.SE.M.4)

Chapter 5 Rocks………………………………………..142

1. Classifying Rocks………………………………………………...144

 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model (E.SE.06.41) 2. Igneous Rocks…………………………………………………….148

 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model (E.SE.06.41)  Identify common igneous rocks (granite, basalt, andesite, obsidian, pumice) (E3.p2B – High School Pre-requisite)

3. Sedimentary Rocks……………………………………………….152

 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model (E.SE.06.41)  Identify common sedimentary rocks (sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate) (E3.p2B – High School Pre-requisite)

5. Metamorphic Rocks………………………………………………160

 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model (E.SE.06.41)  Identify common metamorphic rocks (schist, gneiss, marble, slate, quartzite) (E3.p2B – High School Pre-requisite)

6. The Rock Cycle…………………………………………………...164

 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model (E.SE.06.41)  Describe the processes that change one kind of rock to another (E3.p2B – High School Pre-requisite)