Annual Project Report (Apr) s1

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UNDP ANNUAL PROJECT REPORT (APR) UNDP/GEF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION REPORT (PIR) 2003

OFFICIAL TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF MNAZI BAY–RUVUMA ESTUARY MARINE PARK

UNDP PROJECT NUMBER: URT/00/G31/1G/99 GEF PROJECT NUMBER: PIMS 1524 DATE OF REPORT: 15TH July 2003 DATE OF LAST APR: NA

1. BASIC PROJECT IDENTIFIERS- Please enter all date (DD/MMM/YEAR) COUNTRY United Republic of Tanzania FOCAL AREA Conservation of Biodiversity OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME 2. Coastal, Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems DATE OF ENTRY IN WP March 2000 PRODOC SIGNATURE DATE 01 March 2002 DURATION (MONTHS) 54 Months

1.1 BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION -Please limit to maximum 100 words. The project provides support for the development of a multi-purpose Marine Protected Area around the globally significant marine biodiversity values of the Mnazi Bay and Ruvuma Estuary areas in southern Tanzania. The sustainable use of marine resources by communities and biodiversity conservation are emphasised. The project has two phases, an initial participatory planning phase and an implementation phase. There is focus on protected area zoning with sustainable harvesting. .

1.2 BASIC FINANCIAL DATA – Please present all financial values in millions (e.g. 3,502,000 = 3.502) Funding Source Institution Name (Acronym, if any) Proposed Financing Actual Financing A. GEF FUNDING UNDP/GEF 1.495 1.495 UNDP (TRAC) UN AGENCY

G OVERNMENT ASH

N G (C ) I

C GOVERNMENT (IN-KIND) GOT 0.216 0.216 N

A BILATERAL DONORS FFEM (approved) 0.6 0.6 N I F

- MULTILATERAL DONORS O EGIONAL ANKS

. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORG.

B IUCN 0.042 0.042 PRIVATE SECTOR OTHER TOTAL COFINANCING 0.858 0.858 TOTAL FUNDING (A+B) 2.353 2.353

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. PROJECT PERFORMANCE SRF Goal (*): Energy and environment for sustainable development SRF Sub Goal (*) Environment and energy for livelihood Strategic Area of Support (*) Monitoring and assessment of environmental sustainability (*) The UNDP Country Office will fill out these fields

2.1 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE- Please rate each objective, not each individual indicator. Development Objective Indicators Actual Level Achieved 2002 2003 (Include Target Value & Time Frame) (please provide brief description) Rating Rating Enable local and government 1. Effective management of the MPA: Activities are in the initial stages; so far a framework for N/A S stakeholders to protect the MPA Management Plan is being General Management Plan is being Developed. effectively and utilise highly complied with (continuing sustainably the marine absence of destructive fishing biodiversity and resources of practices) (Framework in place by end Mnazi Bay and the Ruvuma of planning phase) Estuary 2. Adoption of viable AIG projects Alternative Income Generating activities are being N/A S that are vital to achievement of the investigated MPA goals. 3. Effective stakeholder participation  Village liaison committees formed in all villages in management: in the park N/A S - stakeholder perception that they are  Biannual Advisory Committee meeting held consulted and involved in management and that management if effective; - regular Village Council and Advisory Committee meetings (and Advisory includes local community representatives); - Board of Trustees meets at least every six months and includes local community representation. 4. Adoption of Sustainable Financing Activities are in the initial stages. Strategy with policies & mechanisms that build long-term financial N/A S sustainability. OVERALL RATING N/A S

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2.1.1 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE ASSUMPTIONS & RISKS DO # Assumption Risk (measured as the probability that the assumption will not hold) 1. Feasible long-term sustainable financing mechanisms can be developed to meet MPA management Low costs. 2. Stakeholder support for and participation in management activities may decline after project completion Low

2.2 IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES -Please rate each objective, not each individual indicator. # Immediate Objective Indicators Actual Level Achieved 2002 2003 (Include Target Value & Time (please provide brief description) Rating Rating Frame) 1. A knowledge base to Biodiversity and socio-economic Marine turtles, dugongs and cetaceans done. N/A S support marine baseline surveys & assessments Occupational structure of most villages done environmental planning completed by June 2004 and sustainable Threats to biodiversity identified & Some key threats identified: coral mining; potential port development established researched by December 2003 development; unsustainable/illegal resource use activities of local communities; upstream activities on Ruvuma river Biodiversity and socio-economic Underway, based on the first two monitoring programmes in place by December 2003 2. Local communities and Awareness raising strategy Initial consultations at all levels done N/A S key decision makers are developed for local communities and aware if marine problems, key decision makers by June 2003 benefits and Library in place by June 2003 & Library established in park office, reference material responsibilities of an MPA information centre in place by June acquired. Cataloguing system linked to National & use information in 2004 Oceanographic Data Centre at Institute For Marine decision making Sciences. Temporary information centre being established in the park. Government Project activities Too early to see achievement. integrated into District activities 3. Marine park planning and Village Liaison Committees Committees established in all park villages. Committees N/A S monitoring process established and involved in project involved in baseline information collection and awareness established and an initial activities and marine park planning raising activities

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marine park management Stakeholder objective based planning Socio-economic monitoring programme being designed plan developed process underway June 2003 with the regional Socio-economic Monitoring Pilot Project (SEMPP – CORDIO East Africa). Participatory environmental and Underway socio-economic monitoring system established by Dec 2003 Management Plan Framework in Underway place by June 2004 4. Park management plan General Management Plan Underway N/A S under implementation with implemented and refined between externalities addressed June 2004 – June 2006 5. Improved capacity of key Park staff with improved  Training on turtle conservation conducted April N/A S stakeholders and conservation and management skills 2003, all field staff. institutions for marine in place  2 week Law enforcement training for Licensing conservation and and Law Enforcement Warden and a Ranger management funded by USAID  All staff received training on project M&E Key marine resource user groups  User groups identified. have knowledge and skills for  Training to Village Liaison Committees provide marine conservation and by park staff on fundamentals of conservation and management current legislation Local and National Institutions to  Village Liaison Committees established. manage the Marine Park developed  Park Advisory Committee Established.  Board of Trustees for Marine Parks and Marine Parks and Reserves Unit in place.  National Legislation – Marine Parks and Reserves Act (1994) in place.  Complementary Legislation identified – Fisheries, Forestry, Wildlife

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6. AIG and Sustainable Use Sustainable Resource Use regimes  Initial activities to promote changes in fishing N/A S activities are researched, established by Dec. 2003 practices implemented by park staff developed, piloted and  Enforcement of ban on live coral mining for lime adopted AIG activities piloted by June 2004 production through patrols and awareness raising on going  Study proposals being developed on offshore fishing potential based on Fish Aggregation Devices 7. Project effectively M&E programme in place by June Activities in the preparation process, and hence too early N/A S managed, monitored and 2003 to judge evaluated OVERALL RATING N/A S

2.2.1 IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE ASSUMPTIONS & RISKS IO # Assumption Risk (measured as the probability that the assumption will not hold) 1. Political commitment at the National and District levels remains strong. Low 2. Government meets its agreed commitments. Low 3. The Board of Trustees for Marine Parks and Reserves meets its financial commitments.* Low

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* Note: It is likely BOT will increase financial inputs to Mnazi Bay w.e.f. 2004 financial year3. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES Please list three main challenges experienced during implementation. Please describe adaptation approaches or remedial action either already taken or planned to solve them

1. High population in the park buffer zone, 30,000 + (75 people/sq km on land), with high dependency on natural resources and consequent high levels of resource exploitation. Local people understandably have concerns about the intentions of the marine park which led to some resistance towards the park by one key village located in the middle of the park and depending on marine resources. Resistance was instigated by outsiders with fishing business interests in the park that are unsustainable (fine meshed beach seines and SCUBA for lobster and sea cucumber fishing. Remedial action: Currently an intensive campaign to improve people’s understanding about the purpose of the park and the intensions of management has been initiated. In relation to villagers resisting the park/project activities, the campaign has involved senior members of local government, including the District Commissioner and District Council Chairman, and from the national level the local Member of Parliament . The Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism will visit the site and provide further support to the campaign

4. LESSONS LEARNED/GOOD PRACTICE Please describe briefly the key lessons and examples of good practice that have resulted from project implementation during the year. .

1. Formation and training/support to Village Liaison Committees in each of the park villages (11) and 2 villages outside the park and their direct involvement in project activities.

2. The initiation of a comprehensive baseline assessment of biodiversity and socio-economics and the development of a monitoring programme that considers the likely long term budget, time and personnel constraints of the marine park to ensure the continuity and applicability of these activities

3. The initial stages of the development of an information management system for the park that incorporates biodiversity, biophysical and socio-economic information in a database that is simple to use and links with a GIS. This will be an important tool for the long term management of the park 5. SYNERGIES, DEMONSTRATION AND CATALYTIC EFFECTS 5.1 Have there been any interactions/synergies with similar projects in the country/region during project preparation and/or implementation? Key interactions either for advice or direct input have been with: o the WWF Mafia Island Marine Park project (experiences in marine park establishment and implementation of project/park related activities, AIG and sustainable resource use activities through a visit to Mafia by Project Coordinator/Warden and Technical Advisor, other staff and key stakeholder exchange visits planned); o the IUCN Tanga Coastal Management Programme (community participation in management, community based monitoring of resources and AIG activities through site visit by Technical Advisor and meetings in Dar es Salaam and correspondence, project administration through site visit by Project Accountant/Administrative Officer) ; o the IUCN Rufiji Environment Management Project REMP (environmental education through experiential learning – document produced by REMP and sent to this office supported by numerous communication); o Mafia Island turtle and dugong conservation project (their team carried out turtle, dugong and cetacean surveys and assessments in Mnazi Bay – Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park and provided training in assessment and conservation techniques for this project);

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o CORDIO project – Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean (for the development of coral reef assessments and monitoring programmes and the development of socio-economic monitoring programme through the CORDIO coordinated regional Socio-economic Monitoring Pilot Project SEMPP now initiated in Mnazi Bay – Ruvuma Estaury Marine Park); 5.2 Describe efforts to disseminate lessons and transferring knowledge that have had or are expected to have demonstration and replication effects. The project is still in its early stages, however there have been opportunities to share experiences and disseminate some lessons: o Project Coordinator/Warden attended the International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Symposium in Manila, Philippines and was able to share experiences with other Marine Protected Area staff in Mnazi Bay and elsewhere in Tanzania. o The Technical Advisor attended the WIOMSA workshop on the Human Dimension of the Coastal and Marine Environment: the role of social scientists in the management of coastal and marine environments. At the meeting the Technical Advisor suggested that Mnazi Bay – Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park be involved in the regional Socio-economic Monitoring Pilot Project coordinated by CORDIO, this work has now started. Demonstration and replication should be likely in the coming year, and throughout the project along with the results from other sites in Kenya and Tanzania. o The project is part of the global project for Assessing Management Effectiveness (ME) of Marine Protected Areas. The marine park is one of a series of pilot sites for the regional ME part of the project which is funded by the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN). The initial outcomes of the assessing ME project will be presented at the World Parks Congress in September and the results and methods are intended to improve marine protected area management in the region and globally. o The development of a user-friendly database system that will pull together both socio-economic and biodiversity/biophysical information from baseline assessments and monitoring and will link to GIS to be used for planning and management. The design is influenced by the realities of post project constraints relating to personnel, time and budget and will draw strongly on community and other key stakeholder participation. It will be simple to use and will require limited technical skills to manage. It is understood that this will be the first ‘holistic’ and integrated approach to gathering, storing, analysing and using socio-economic and biodiversity/biophysical information for marine protected area management (possibly also terrestrial) and this would have demonstration/replication opportunities. The approach will be described in a ‘toolkit’ currently being compiled for the management of marine protected areas in the Western Indian Ocean. 5.3 How has the project contributed to bringing about policy or legislation changes in the country, changes in the Implementing Agency or other donor strategies- or private business practices- to give stronger emphasis to global environment issues? Being in the early stages of implementation the project has had a limited opportunity to have much impact. However at a local level there have been some important interventions as a result of the project’s presence: o The proposed Mtwara Development Corridor Spatial Development Initiative (promoted by the governments of Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia with support from the Government of South Africa and the Development Bank of Southern Africa) is seeking to promote infrastructural development in the region based on the deep water port of Mtwara. The risks associated with this have been highlighted by the project and the need for comprehensive EIAs have been stressed. Of particular concern is the issue of invasive species carried in ship ballast water (a global issue being tackled by the International Maritime Organisation) which will be an issue of major concern for the Marine Park (although not exclusively) but is not known or not perceived as a threat in Eastern Africa. It is likely that the project will play a key role in the local region in raising the importance and necessity of carrying out Environmental and Social Impact Assessments for any developments. o The problem of mining live coral for the manufacture of lime is a serious problem in coastal Tanzania. The project is supporting a detailed investigation into the activity, from the impacts on biodiversity to the nature of the industry. Although the activity has been stopped within the Marine Park, the level of exploitation outside the Marine Park is seen as a major threat to the health of the Marine Park

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ecosystem. It is proposed that the research be tabled at a national workshop on live coral mining and lime production which will seek to change the national legislation on the activity and promote viable alternatives. The project will seek to demonstrate alternative lime production systems. o In relation to the implementing and donor agencies it is hoped that efforts by project field staff to focus donor and implementing agency personnel interest on direct biodiversity conservation activities within the project will avert the risk of ‘process paralysis’ where bureaucratic activities within the project are at risk of taking on greater importance than the purpose of the project (to conserve a representative example of internationally significant and threatened marine biodiversity). o Two holistic proposals were introduced by the project at the national and international level. 1. The opportunity to develop a transfrontier or trans boundary protected area with Mozambique, linking the marine park with a similar protected area across the border. The transboundary initiative has been incorporated by the Mtwara Development Corridor SDI as a priority component. 2. The project has identified a need to have the whole Ruvuma river estuary under an environmental management regime rather than just the Tanzanian half due to the natural linkages in the system. There is thus the need for an environmental management plan for the whole Ruvuma river catchment area. This has been raised as a potential activity with the Mtwara Development Corridor project and would involve Tanzania and Mozambique. The project has recognised the potential negative impacts of upstream activities on the health of the marine park and therefore there is a need for the project to promote an environmental management initiative for the river.

6. PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES Please mention any partnerships/strategic collaboration agreements established with other institutions, civil society organizations or the business community in order to achieve project objectives. If the project works with a private –for profit- organization , please also respond to questions on Annex I at the end of this questionnaire. Although these are early days in the project a number of partnerships have been established or are in the process of establishment. There have been no formal agreements made, but the process has been initiated: A. The Mtwara Development Corridor Spatial Development Initiative will potentially transform southern Tanzania and Northern Mozambique. The SDI is being promoted by the governments of Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and South Africa and hinge on the development of the deep-water port of Mtwara and the road to Mbamba Bay on Lake Nyassa/Malawi. Mnazi Bay – Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park is adjacent to the port of Mtwara and any activities relating to the development of the port will potentially impact the marine park. The project is therefore working very closely with the Mtwara Development Corridor (MtDC) project and has identified a number overlapping areas of interest that will likely lead to a working partnership and co-financing of activities: 1. The tourism development strategy for the marine park that will link in with a wider tourism development strategy for Southern Tanzania and Northern Mozambique. The use of the marine park as a case study for the SDI. Discussions have been held with the Mtwara Development Corridor project manager and representatives from the Development Bank of Southern Africa and a representative concerned with tourism development in the Okovango Delta and Victoria Falls

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complex SDI. 2. The transboundary/frontier marine protected area and the priority of the SDI project to promote international environmental management and development initiatives (e.g. the Peace Parks initiative with the Maputo Development Corridor). 3. Identifying alternative or supplementary income generating activities for communities depending on marine resources in the park is a key project objective that ties in with opportunities being explored by the MtDC project. Apart from tourism development the MtDC project is focussing on agro-processing as a potential area of growth in the region, in particular the cashew nut industry which currently exports approximately 80,000 tonnes annually to India for processing from Mtwara port. The economic gains from processing the nuts locally would be significant. The MtDC and the project are discussing plans to collaborate in a study on the potential for small scale local processing of nuts from households in the park and gaining direct access to markets in Europe and else where. The aim is to significantly increase household income from cashew production. 4. Environmental and Social Impact Assessments are an essential component of any development activity. The project is working closely with the MtDC project to ensure that ESIAs are carried out for all economic development initiatives that are planned in the vicinity of the marine park. 5. Ruvuma River catchment environmental management strategy has been another focus of discussion with the MtDC project. The concerns of the project about the impacts of upstream activities on the Ruvuma river and the impacts on the marine park have highlighted the need for a wider management strategy for the catchment area. This is a large scale project that the MtDC and project will be seeking to promote and tie in other partners. B. Regional Integrated Programme Support (RIPS) is a programme working in Mtwara and Lindi Regions funded by the Finnish Government and currently supporting the Local Government Reform programme. RIPS has been working in the Mtwara area for many years on a range of development and environment activities. The programme played a key role in the halting of dynamite fishing in the late 1990s, particularly through the promotion and support for local community NGOs (shirikisho, for example). RIPS are currently working closely with the project on developing the project M&E programme. RIPS have a dedicated M&E unit with many years of experience working with local community and District Authorities in the Mtwara area as well as having experts with international project experience. C. CONCERN is an Irish based development NGO that has been working on small scale water development projects in the Mtwara region. Some of the communities CONCERN has been working with are on marine park boundary and therefore the project has identified CONCERN as a likely partner in relation to livelihood development activities that can be related to biodiversity conservation. CONCERN has also provided background socio-economic information on the villages they have been working in. D. African Development through Economics and the Arts (ADEA) is a newly formed local development NGO that focuses on the arts and small scale enterprise support in Mtwara region. The project has made links with ADEA in relation to training local performing arts groups to help raise environmental awareness within the marine park area and also in the surrounding area and Mtwara town. The project has also linked up with ADEA on potential Alternative/Supplementary Income Generating activities for households within the park to reduce the pressure on marine resources. E. Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) and Artumas group (a Canadian hydrocarbon exploitation company) are planning to exploit the natural gas field located within the marine park. The project has held a number of meetings with the two organisations and has discussed potential areas of mutual support. In particular the discussions have focused around the regulations governing activities within a marine park and the opportunities for Artumas group to provide in-kind or financial support to the marine park in the long term. It is likely that the marine park would benefit from infrastructural development as a result of the gas exploitation. F. Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute is a national institute based in Mtwara region. The project has linked up with the GIS unit of the institute, which is supported by a Belgian project. The database and GIS component of the project is being developed in partnership with experts from Naliendele. This

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will ensure that the marine park will have continuous long-term support for database and GIS work from a locally based national institution. G. Ten Degrees is a small hotel based in Mikindani near to Mtwara, which is planning to develop an eco- tourism venture in the marine park. The project has proposed to work together with the MtDC project and the marine park in the development of guidelines for tourism development in the park. The intention is to ensure that in developing tourism in the park both social and environmental factors are incorporated and as the first significant tourism development in the park the right precedent is set from the beginning. H. The Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) project has a regional programme working in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. The project has formed a working partnership with CORDIO to implement the regional Socio-economic Monitoring Pilot Project (SEMPP) which involves some cost sharing. The project implement the CORDIO lead sea surface temperature monitoring activity with the installation of temperature loggers in the marine park. CORDIO will be an integral part of the biodiversity assessment work in the park. I. The Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology at the University of Dar es Salaam has been identified by the project in providing long-term support for the marine park in relation to marine and coastal science research for management. The faculty will be involved in the baseline biodiversity assessments and the development of monitoring programmes, and the park will be incorporated as a research site for student programmes. The first phase of work with the faculty will start in August 2003. The use of students in gathering information for improved park management is seen as an important resource for the park because the costs are shared between the two institutions. The project will develop a research plan for the park to act as a guide for university student research activities. J. The Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) of the University of Dar es Salaam is based in Zanzibar and as with the Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and Technology has a key role in providing long term support for the park. IMS will be involved in the base line biodiversity assessments and monitoring programme. IMS also houses the National Oceanographic Data Centre where the project will post the resources held within the park/project library and the results of baseline surveys and assessments. IMS provides technical support for the library cataloguing system.

7. RESOURCES LEVERAGED Apart from the co-financing contributions reflected in the budget, how has the project mobilized additional financial resources for either addressing global environmental concerns or financing baseline activities during implementation? Please indicate the amounts and sources of leveraged resources. The process of developing partnerships is underway, as described in part 6 above. The opportunities for mobilizing additional resources exist but to date these have not been specified or agreed. The particular areas include cost sharing for baseline surveys and assessments and monitoring with CORDIO and the UDSM. Co- financing and/or cost sharing with MtDC project in relation to AIG activities, the development of a tourism development strategy for the park and the promotion of a crossborder marine protected area.

8. SOFT ASSISTANCE Soft assistance contributes to the outcome and/or outputs. This section aims to identify activities or issues conducted not envisaged in the workplan yet with concrete results ensuring progress towards the outcome. This section of the PIR/APR contribute to the CO reporting section on “advocacy and policy dialogue”and allows the country office and the project to work in the same direction in advocacy and dialogue. If soft assistance is not an issue for the project or too sensitive to address, this section can be left empty

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The proposal to develop the crossborder marine protected area with Mozambique was not identified in the project workplan, but it is seen now is a key project activity due to the nature of the ecosystem being protected by the marine park (half an estuary), and the resource use activities of the communities living in the marine park.

9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION Type of Report Date (DD-MMM-YR) Report Available/comments PSC Meetings 21 January 2003; Dec 03 PSC Minutes, Inception and quarterly reports Annual Project Review 15th July 2003 This Document Tripartite Review Planned for August 03 Mid-Term Evaluation Planned June 04 Final Evaluation Planned June 06

10. FINANCIAL INFORMATION- From project start-up to date of this report. Cumulative planned disbursement ($millions) 0.740 Cumulative actual disbursement ($millions) 0.370 Timing of disbursements (percentage of planned vs. actual expenditures) 50% (% increased in last two quarters) Date/Period of First Disbursement 9th July 2002