1. A) Radiation Because It Is Using Waves to Transfer Energy

Section 6 Review Questions

1. a) Radiation because it is using waves to transfer energy. b) Conduction because energy is transferred from one domino to the next and so on. c) Convection because the skiers are moving in a circular motion.

2. The type of heat transfer that is most important to a lizard that is basking in the sun is radiation because then it will be able to conduct heat through its body.

3. You are given two cups of hot chocolate. One cup is made of shiny metal and the other cup is painted black. The one that will keep your chocolate hotter longer will be the shiny one because it does not radiate heat away from the cup as readily as the black one.

4. The handles of pots and pans are usually made of non-metals because they are better insulators: they do not conduct heat as well as metals and therefore will not heat up as much as the metals, so you won't burn your hand.

5. a) So much heat escapes from windows and doors because there is more conduction and convection occurring which transfers heat out of the house. Also glass has a low R-value and doors are usually thinner than walls. b) Heat transfer from windows and doors can be slowed by adding a double pane of glass with argon gas between them and insulation can be added to some doors.

6. When boiling fruit and sugar to make jam, the mixture can easily reach a temperature of 1050C. a) The best spoon to use to stir would be the wooden spoon because it is the best insulator. The plastic spoon could possibly melt with higher temperatures. b) Conduction must be prevented from happening in the spoon.

7. The difference between heat and temperature is heat is the sum of the kinetic energy of the particles and temperature is the average kinetic of the particles.

8. The R-value of 25 mm of solid wood is 1.25. The R-value of 25 mm of wood shavings is 2.24. There is such a large difference because wood shavings have air pockets and solid wood may not have any: air is a better insulator therefore, the shavings will make a better insulator.

9. You heat a copper pot and an iron pot using the same method. The pot that will heat the most will be the copper because it conducts heat faster than the iron pot.

10. When discussing conduction, you usually think of the process occurring in solids. a) Convection could not occur in solids because the particles would need to move away from each other and this cannot occur in solids. b) Conduction can occur and does occur in liquids because particles are always colliding with each other and transferring kinetic energy. However, convection will be occurring at the same time and is more effective in transferring heat in liquids.

11. Answers will vary. Maybe Investigation 6-1E.

12. a) Your hand would feel the heat due to convection. b) Your hand would feel the heat due to radiation. c) Your hand would feel the heat due to conduction.

13. Edmonton, Alberta is on the prairies surrounded by land and Amsterdam, the Netherlands is nearly surrounded by the ocean. As well, the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Drift current brings heat from the equator to the waters of the ocean near Amsterdam.

14. More insulation is put in attics because warm air expands and rises. More heat is likely to escape through the ceiling than the walls.

15. a) The foil on the outside reflects heat back to where it came from by radiation. The vacuum in the cells in the foam prevents heat loss by conduction. Since there are no particles that can move from one place to another, the vacuum also prevents heat loss by convection. b) If the foil became torn, air would get back into the foam and the R- value would drop. 16. Limestone has the larger specific heat capacity because it would take more heat to raise the temperature of the limestone to the same extent as the granite.