Name ______Date ______Period______Chapter 3 lesson 3 pages 141-147 Study Guide Answer Key The Early Period – Page 141 (Government) 1. Ancient Egyptians were ruled by King Narmer 2. When he died, Egypt was ruled by a family member. This continued for many years. This is called a Dynasty 3. For the next 3000 years, there were 33 dynasties that ruled over Egypt. 4. The Egyptian king was called a pharaoh. Pharaoh means “Great House.” 5. The pharaoh was a link between Egyptians and their gods. 6. The most important government official is the vizier. 7. The vizier’s two jobs were to: 1) to take care of the day-to-day running of the government . 2) Carried out the pharaoh’s decrees (commands ). (Hieroglyphics) 1. Hieroglyphics an ancient system of writing. 2. There were over 700 symbols and most stood for sounds, but some stood for whole words or ideas. 3. Scribes are people who did writing. 4. The paper the scribes wrote on was papyrus. 5. Which word in our language comes from papyrus? Paper 6. Describe what an Egyptian book would look like. Scroll – A roll made of papyrus sheets joined end to end. (Egyptian History) 1. The history of Egypt can be divided into three (3) parts, list the 3 parts. a. Old Kingdom b. Middle Kingdom c. New Kingdom 2. When the competing dynasties of Egypt fought with each other, this was known as the intermediate periods. The Old Kingdom – page 143 3. The Old Kingdom lasted from 2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C. 4. During the Old Kingdom, the Egyptian kings started a new colony called Lower Nubia. 5. The Old Kingdom was best remembered for his achievements in building. 6. A pyramid is a burial place for the dead 7. The pyramids were build for their rulers and other important people 8. Another name for the Old Kingdom was the Age of the Pyramids . 9. Before the pyraminds were built, the Egyptians built strong tombs because they believed they would need their bodies in the afterlife. 10. A preserved body is known as a mummy. . Mummifying a body took 70 days! All organs were remove then place them in a jar. When the Egyptians preserved a body, the only organ that remained in the body was the heart . All the things a person needed in the afterlife were placed in the tomb. Name some of those things: Clothing, Jewelry, Furniture, Games . How did a soul earn life forever? A Dead person appeared before the god – on a balance they placed the person’s heart on one side and a feather on the other side and if the two balanced, they earned life forever .

Building the Pyramids – Page 144 10. King Zoser’s architect, Imhotep, built a new type of tomb for the king. It had layers on top of each other and formed a pyramid that looked like it had steps instead of using mud bricks. 11. In 2600 B.C., the pyramids now had slanting sides . 12. The best-known pyramid in Egypt is the Great Pyramid, which was built at Giza . 13. It took 20 years to complete the great pyramid in 2566 B.C. 14. How many farmers worked on the Great Pyramid at one time? 10,000 15. Is the Great Pyramid still standing in Giza? Yes How high is the pyramid and how many acres does it cover? 480 feet high and covers 13 acres. Egyptian Way of Life – Page 146 1. The craft workers held an important position in ancient Egypt. 2. Craft workers were artists, builders, carpenters, and stonecutters . 3. What did the Egyptians do when they had time off from work? Listened to music, sang and danced at religious festivals and parties. 4. What were the Egyptian women in charge of? Household matters. 5. Egyptian women were different than women in other societies. Egyptian women were allowed to own property and had full legal rights . 6. Name three (3) games that Egyptian children played and that children of today still play. a) wrestling b) leapfrog c) tug-of-war 7. In Egypt, education started at an early age . 8. Boys learned their fathers trade . 9. Girls learned weaving and household skills from their mothers. 10. Only the children in the upper class were able to learn writing, math, and literature.