Question 1 Follow the Instructions and Create Your Kingdom Suite Project

Question 1 Follow the instructions and create your Kingdom Suite project

In your write up show an image for the seismic line 618 and the VSP data.

Question 2 Define the VSP first breaks; use Kingdom suite as described in the instructions to create a file with the picked travel times.

Open the exported horizon file in Microsoft Excel and generate a spread sheet with the travel times. The Kingdom default output is not delimited correctly, so you have to define the columns in excel when opening the file. If you select the import option “delimited” with “space” as delimiter, your travel times will appear in column D, in the units of milliseconds. Shot-point identifier is in column E. The default exported data are ordered in increasing shotpoint (from 1 to 130). Shot point 1 belongs to a depth of 500 m. The depth increment between shot points is 5 m, so your last shot point (130) corresponds to 1145 m.

Your travel time picks are in one-way travel time (straight path from source to receiver). Generate a new Excel file with and define two new columns with depth and two-way travel time. Remember that your travel times are originally in milliseconds, but you need to convert them to seconds (multiply by 2 and divide by 1000)!

This is your input for the Time-Depth curve in Kingdom Suite (Synpak)

Present the excel file with your assignment answer (print-out or digital data by email-attachment);

Question 3 Processing of VSP data

Use Globe Claritas to generate an upcoming and downgoing wave-field separation from the raw VSP data as demonstrated in class.

The use of Linux is probably alien to most of you. Please fill out the time-sign out sheet to select a time when you are available so I can teach you personally the use of Globe Claritas and Linux.

Describe your processing steps and document each step with an image (screenshot). You can generate an image of what is visible on the screen in Linux by pressing the “print screen” option. Automatically png-file is generated and written into your home directory. You can open png-files with “Corel-Draw” to modify and annotate it. DON’T FORGET TO RENAME EACH ‘SCREENSHOT’ OTHERWISE THEY ARE ALL OVERWRITTEN!!

Question 4 Generate a synthetic seismogram from the logs of 2L-38 and compare it with the original seismic data (inline 618). Describe your output and document it with images, captured from Kingdom Suite.

(a) Use Kingdom Suite sub-program “SynPak” to generate the synthetic seismogram for data from 2L-38 following the instructions. (b) Use your VSP first-arrival picks converted to two-way time (TWT) to define the time-depth conversion in Kingdom Suite. Try to improve the fit between the selected seismic trace and your synthetic data by shifting the synthetic data artificially until they match with the expected arrivals in the ‘real” seismic data from inline 618. (c) Why do you think the match of the seismic data trace and synthetics is not perfect and you have to artificially shift the data? (d) Review the paper by Walia et al., 1998 about the VSP from Mallik. In the paper a data table is given with their first-arrival picks. Copy these data into the T-D chart in SynPak and redo the synthetic seismogram generation. Describe the differences to your TD chart. (e) Show in as many pictures as you like your progress. The minimum to present is the original image of un-shifted synthetics from the SynPak window and one image showing your attempt to shift the data. Use the automatically presented correlation coefficients in SynPak as guidance to decide what an acceptable shift would be.

Question 5 Log cross-plotting

Use the data from well 5L-38 (RHO-5L, VP-5L, and VS-5L) and generate the following cross-plots by using Excel:

(a) All of VP versus VS a. Review your course notes about rock-physics. Define your mud-rock line by linear-fitting the data. b. Remember that the high values in the logs correspond to a change in pore- fluid filling from brine to gas hydrate. Define a mud-rock line for the section of the data above the first occurrence of gas hydrate.

(b) All of VP and RHO a. Define a linear best fit through the data cloud. b. You will agree that it is rather meaningless to do so. The task is to define a better cross-plot by e.g. eliminating the portion of gas hydrate bearing zones, where VP is increased. c. Review your course notes about rock-physics. Try to define a function that fits the data well and is similar to the approach by Gardner.