Patton, Thibodeau & Douglas: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 01: Organization of the Human Body

Test Bank

TRUE/FALSE

1. The term anatomy refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. The term physiology refers to the functioning of the structures of the human body.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

3. The difference between the study of gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy is the size of what is being studied.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

4. Gross anatomy includes the study of both cytology and histology.

5. Dissection is one method that biologist use to improve our understanding of human physiology.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 4 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

6. A hypothesis has more experimental support behind it than a theory.

7. Experimental support can elevate a hypothesis into a theory.

8. The sum total of all life’s physical and chemical processes is called metabolism.

9. Both elements and macromolecules are more complex than molecules.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

10. In the levels of organization, organelles are between the chemical level and the cellular level.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

11. Groups of many related cells that develop together are called tissues.

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12. The four major tissues of the body are bone, connective, nervous, and muscle.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

13. Organs of the body join together from the 10 organ systems of the body.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

14. The reference position that is used to study the body is called the anatomical position.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical Position

15. A body standing facing forward with the feet and head facing forward and the arms at the sides with palms facing forward describes bilateral symmetry.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical Position

16. The thoracic cavity is part of the ventral cavity.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Body Cavities

17. All of the organs in the thoracic cavity are in the mediastinum.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Body Cavities

18. The abdominopelvic cavity is part of the dorsal cavity.

19. The dorsal cavity contains the cranial cavity, the oral cavity, the orbital cavity, and the spinal cavity.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

20. The internal organs of the body are covered by a thin membrane called the parietal membrane.

21. The head, neck, and trunk of the body make up the axial portion of the body.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Regions

22. For convenience in locating abdominal organs, anatomists divide the abdomen into a grid of six imaginary regions.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 TOP: Body Regions

23. In anatomical directions, superficial and superior mean the same thing.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

24. In anatomical directions, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

25. The heart is inferior to the brain.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

26. The knee is distal to the foot.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

27. The skin of the arm is superficial to the bone of the arm.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

28. The nose is lateral to the ears.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

29. Blood would flow through the lumen of a blood vessel.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

30. The medulla of an organ would be superficial to the cortex of an organ.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction | Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

31. A midsagittal section would form two bilaterally symmetrical parts.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections | Human Anatomy and Physiology

32. A sagittal section can also be called a frontal section.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

33. A transverse plane is also called a horizontal plane.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

34. Homeostasis describes the relatively constant internal states maintained by the human body.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 13 TOP: The Concept of Homeostasis

35. One of the homeostatic control mechanisms is called a feedback control loop.

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36. In every feedback loop there are four basic components: the sensor, the integrator, the effector, and the affector.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 14 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

37. The term efferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

38. The term afferent means that a signal is moving away from a particular center.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 14 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

39. If a thermostat was set at a temperature of 65°, the 65° would become the set point.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

40. In the heating system example, the thermostat would be the sensor for a heating system.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

41. In the heating system example, the furnace is the effector.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 14 | Page 15 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

42. In the human body, the body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus.

43. Skeletal muscles act as affectors in returning the body temperature to the set point.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 15 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

44. A negative feedback control system produces a reaction opposite to the change that activated the system.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: Negative Feedback Control Systems

45. The set point for blood sugar is about 100 mg/ml. If the sugar level goes above that value, the body takes steps to lower the level. This is an example of a negative feedback loop.

ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 15 TOP: Negative Feedback Control Systems

46. A positive feedback loop amplifies or reinforces the change that activated the system.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

47. Most of the body’s control systems work off a positive feedback control system.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

48. The feed-forward systems in the body are almost always negative feedback control systems.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Negative Feedback Control Systems

49. The birth of a baby is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

50. Because they work outside the cell, controls operated by tissues and organs are called extrinsic control systems.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Levels of Control

51. As a person ages, the homeostatic control mechanisms become more and more efficient and effective.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 17 TOP: Cycle of Life

52. The term atrophy is used to describe the wasting effects of advancing age.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 17 TOP: Cycle of Life

53. In the descriptive terms for body regions, the term mental refers to the brain.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions (Table 1-4)

54. In the descriptive terms for body regions, the carpal region would be distal to the brachial region.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

55. In the descriptive terms for body regions, the cephalic region is superior to the crural region.

56. In the descriptive terms for body regions, the manual region is proximal to the cubital region.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions (Table 1-4) | Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

57. In the descriptive terms for body regions, the buccal and oral regions would be referring to generally the same part of the body.

58. A horizontal line and a vertical line passing through the umbilicus divides the abdomen into right and left upper and right and left lower quadrants.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 | Page 11

TOP: Abdominal Regions and Abdominopelvic Quadrants

59. The term basal refers to the narrower tip of an organ.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

60. A cut made in a midsagittal plane would separate the right arm from the left arm.

ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

61. A cut made in a coronal plane would separate the head of the body from the feet of the body.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

62. A cut made in a transverse plane would separate the face from the back of the head.

ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Metabolism refers to: a. the chemical basis of life. b. the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body. c. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. d. a subdivision of physiology. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 5 TOP: Characteristics of Human Life

2. Homeostasis can best be described as: a. a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms. b. a state of relative constancy. c. adaptation to the external environment. d. changes in body temperature. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 13 TOP: The Concept of Homeostasis

3. From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are: a. organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle. b. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. c. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical.

d. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 | Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

4. The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are: a. molecules. b. cells. c. organelles. d. atoms. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

5. Groups of cells that are organized to perform a certain function are called a(n): a. tissue. b. organism. c. system. d. organ. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

6. An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n): a. system. b. cell. c. organelle. d. tissue. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

7. Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? a. Effector b. Transmitter c. Sensor d. Integrator ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

8. All of the following systems and their organs participate in the actions of transport and defense within the human body except the: a. urinary system. b. cardiovascular system. c. lymphatic system. d. Neither A nor C is involved in transport and defense. ANS: A DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Transportation and Defense

9. The body’s thermostat is located in the: a. heart. b. cerebellum. c. pituitary. d. hypothalamus. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

10. The reproductive system includes all of the following except the: a. testes. b. ovaries. c. ureter. d. penis. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems

11. The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of: a. negative feedback. b. positive feedback. c. inhibitory feedback. d. a feed-forward system. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 (Box 1-2) TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

12. Negative feedback mechanisms: a. minimize changes in blood glucose levels. b. maintain homeostasis. c. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. d. are all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 15 TOP: Negative Feedback Control Systems

13. The lungs are located in the: a. thoracic cavity. b. mediastinum. c. abdominal cavity. d. cranial cavity. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 (Table 1-3) TOP: Body Cavities

14. The mediastinum contains all of the following except the: a. trachea. b. venae cavae. c. right lung. d. esophagus. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 (Table 1-3) TOP: Body Cavities

15. The gallbladder lies in the: a. abdominal cavity. b. pelvic cavity. c. dorsal cavity. d. mediastinum. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 (Table 1-3) TOP: Body Cavities

16. The number of abdominal regions is: a. three. b. five. c. seven. d. nine. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 (Figure 1-5) TOP: Abdominal Regions

17. Popliteal refers to the: a. calf. b. ankle. c. cheek. d. area behind the knee. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Descriptive Terms for Body Regions

18. A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called: a. sagittal. b. frontal. c. coronal. d. transverse. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

19. The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint? a. Umbilicus b. Pubic bone c. Xiphoid process

d. Iliac crest ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 9 (Table 1-2) TOP: Abdominopelvic Quadrants

20. Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example of: a. anatomical position. b. anterior symmetry. c. ipsilateral position. d. bilateral symmetry. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical Position

21. Two major cavities of the human body are: a. ventral/dorsal. b. inferior/superior. c. visceral/parietal. d. axial/appendicular. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Body Cavities

22. The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the: a. brain. b. spinal column. c. spinal cord. d. thyroid gland. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

23. A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is: a. sagittal. b. median. c. coronal. d. transverse. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

24. The plane that divides the individual into upper and lower parts is the: a. sagittal plane. b. frontal plane. c. transverse plane. d. superficial plane. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12

TOP: Body Planes and Sections

25. An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a: a. fact. b. theory. c. concept. d. hypothesis. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

26. Molecules are: a. atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates. b. electrons orbiting nuclei. c. a complex of electrons arranged in concentric shells. d. composed of cellular organelles. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

27. The mitochondria is an example of a(n): a. molecule. b. cytoplasm. c. organelle. d. plasma membrane. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

28. Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n): a. plasma membrane. b. organ. c. organism. d. organ system. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

29. Blood production is a function of which system? a. Reproductive b. Respiratory c. Skeletal d. Lymphatic ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Support and Movement

30. Positive feedback control systems: a. have no effect on the deviation from the set point.

b. accelerate a change. c. ignore a change. d. resist change. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 16 TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

31. The dorsal body cavity contains the: a. brain and spinal cord. b. heart and lungs. c. reproductive organs. d. digestive organs. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

32. The ventral body cavity contains the: a. thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. b. heart and lungs only. c. digestive and reproductive organs only. d. brain and spinal cord. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Body Cavities

33. The axial portion of the body consists of the: a. arms, neck, and legs. b. neck, torso, and arms. c. torso, arms, legs, and head. d. head, neck, and torso. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Regions

34. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the: a. stomach. b. pancreas. c. heart. d. reproductive organs. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 (Table 1-3) TOP: Body Cavities

35. Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs? a. Heart b. Intestines c. Lungs d. Spinal cord

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

36. A sagittal section divides the body into: a. upper and lower portions. b. right and left portions. c. front and back portions. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

37. A frontal section divides the body into: a. upper and lower portions. b. right and left portions. c. front and back portions. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

38. Axilla is a term referring to which body region? a. Anterior elbow b. Armpit c. Posterior knee d. Groin ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Descriptive Terms for Body Regions

39. Which of the following is not a major tissue of the body? a. Cutaneous tissue b. Epithelial tissue c. Connective tissue d. Nervous tissue ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Tissue Level

40. Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: a. the body trying to maintain homeostasis. b. a positive feedback mechanism. c. a negative feedback mechanism. d. both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 13 | Page 16 TOP: Homeostasis | Negative Feedback Control Systems

41. Eponyms are: a. scientific terms that sound alike but are spelled differently. b. scientific terms that can have more than one meaning.

c. scientific terms that are based on a person’s name. d. none of the above. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 4 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

42. An organ is one organizational step higher than a(n): a. system. b. cell. c. organelle. d. tissue. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

43. Which of the following does not describe anatomical position? a. Head pointing forward b. Body standing erect c. Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up d. All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical Position

44. Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following? a. The location of the heart and chambers of the heart b. Muscles of the arms and legs c. The nucleus of the cell d. All of the above would be studied. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Anatomy

45. The parietal pleura covers: a. the lungs. b. the heart. c. the walls of the thoracic cavity. d. both A and B. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

46. The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called: a. the cortical part of the organ. b. the lumen of the organ. c. the medullary part of the organ. d. the apical part of the organ. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11

TOP: Terms Related to Organs

47. The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called: a. the cortical part of the organ. b. the lumen of the organ. c. the medullary part of the organ. d. the apical part of the organ. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs

48. Which of the following is not a directional term of the body? a. Apical b. Proximal c. Superficial d. Deep ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Organs

49. If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? a. Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions. b. Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. c. There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions. d. Uterine contractions would initially become weak and then gain strength after the release of the hormone. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

50. What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer to the surface? a. Deep b. Distal c. Proximal d. Superficial ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Directional Terms

51. If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? a. Distal b. Proximal c. Superficial d. Superior ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Directional Terms

52. The study of the structure of the body is called: a. physiology. b. anatomy. c. dissection. d. histology. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

53. The study of the tissues of the body is called: a. anatomy. b. physiology. c. cytology. d. histology. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

54. A statement used as a proposed explanation for a scientific problem is the definition of: a. a law. b. a theory. c. a hypothesis. d. an experiment. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

55. The simplest level of organization in the human body is the chemical level. Which of the following is not part of this level? a. Organelle b. Element c. Macromolecule d. All of the above are part of the chemical level. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

56. The appendicular portion of the body would not include which of the following: a. The hand b. The head c. The foot d. The leg ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Regions

57. The wrist would be proximal to: a. the elbow.

b. the fingers. c. the shoulder. d. both A and C. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

58. The knee would be distal to: a. the foot. b. the toes. c. the hip. d. both A and B. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

59. Because humans walk upright, the terms posterior and this term mean to the same thing: a. Proximal b. Medial c. Ventral d. Dorsal ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

60. The heart is superior to: a. the stomach. b. the head. c. the knee. d. both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

61. A coronal plane can also be called a: a. frontal plane. b. sagittal plane. c. transverse plane. d. horizontal plane. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

62. A horizontal plane can also be called a: a. frontal plane. b. sagittal plane. c. transverse plane. d. coronal plane.

ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

63. A plane that separates the right ear from the left ear would be a: a. frontal plane. b. sagittal plane. c. transverse plane. d. horizontal plane. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

64. A plane that would separate the head and feet would be a: a. transverse plane. b. sagittal plane. c. coronal plane. d. frontal plane. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

65. In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the thermometer is an example of: a. the sensor. b. the effector. c. the feedback. d. both A and C. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 15 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

66. In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the thermostat is an example of the: a. sensor. b. effector. c. integrator. d. feedback. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 15 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

67. In the heating system example of a feedback loop, the furnace is an example of the: a. sensor. b. effector. c. integrator. d. feedback. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 15 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms

MATCHING

Match each organ to its corresponding system. a. Respiratory b. Digestive c. Urinary d. Reproductive e. Endocrine f. Cardiovascular g. Integumentary h. Muscular i. Skeletal j. Nervous 1. ___ Tendons 2. ___ Pituitary gland 3. ___ Skin 4. ___ Capillaries 5. ___ Ligaments 6. ___ Spinal cord 7. ___ Bronchial tree 8. ___ Testes and ovaries 9. ___ Large and small intestines 10. ___ Ureters

1. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 2. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 3. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 4. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 5. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 6. ANS: J DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 7. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 8. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 9. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 10. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems

Match each term to its associated region. a. Abdominal b. Brachial c. Cervical d. Coxal e. Cutaneous f. Digital g. Femoral h. Lumbar 11. ___ Thigh 12. ___ Arm 13. ___ Anterior torso 14. ___ Lower back between ribs and pelvis 15. ___ Fingers and toes 16. ___ Hip 17. ___ Skin 18. ___ Neck

11. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 12. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 13. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 14. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 15. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 16. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 17. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions 18. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 (Table 1-4) TOP: Body Regions

Match each term to its correct corresponding statement. a. Superior b. Inferior c. Anterior d. Posterior e. Medial f. Lateral g. Proximal h. Distal

i. Superficial 19. The great toe is _____ to the little toe. 20. The skin is _____ to the muscles beneath it. 21. The vertebrae are located on the _____ aspect of the body. 22. The hand is _____ to the shoulder. 23. The abdomen is _____ to the head. 24. The lungs are _____ to the intestines. 25. The nose is located on the _____ surface of the head. 26. The knee is _____ to the ankle. 27. The ear is on the _____ aspect of the head.

19. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 20. ANS: I DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 21. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 22. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 23. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 24. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 25. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 26. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction 27. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

Match the systems with the functions. a. Reproduction and development b. Processing, regulation, maintenance c. Outer protection d. Support and movement e. Communication, control, integration f. Transportation and defense 28. ___ Nervous system 29. ___ Muscular system and skeletal system 30. ___ Circulatory system and lymphatic system 31. ___ Respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system 32. ___ Reproductive system 33. ___ Integumentary system

28. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 29. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 30. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 31. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 32. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems 33. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 (Table 1-2) TOP: Body Systems

Match the terms related to organs to their definition or explanation. a. Medullary b. Basal c. Apical d. Cortical e. Lumen 34. ___ The base or widest part of the organ 35. ___ The outer region or layer of an organ 36. ___ The hollow part of an organ or tube of the body 37. ___ The inner region of an organ 38. ___ The narrow part or point of an organ

34. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems 35. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems 36. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems 37. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems 38. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

Match each description with its level of organization. a. Chemical level b. Organelle level c. Cellular level d. Tissue level e. Organ level f. System level g. Organism level

39. ___ The highest level of organization 40. ___ Level that includes mitochondria 41. ___ Level composed of the smallest structure that possesses the basic characteristics of living matter 42. ___ Level at which the tissues work together to perform a specific function 43. ___ Level of organization that includes macromolecules 44. ___ Level described as cells working together to perform a specific function 45. ___ Level of organization at which a group of organs work together to perform specific complex functions

39. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 40. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 41. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 42. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 43. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 44. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization 45. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

1. In simple terms, what are the characteristics of life?

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Application REF: Page 4 TOP: Characteristics of Human Life

2. Define the terms anatomy and physiology.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 3 TOP: Human Anatomy and Physiology

3. Diagram or describe a homeostatic control mechanism, including the basic components.

DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 14 | Page 15 TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

4. How does childbirth demonstrate positive feedback?

DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 16 (Box 1-3) TOP: Positive Feedback Control Systems

5. Explain the feed-forward control system, and give an example of one in the body.

DIF: Application REF: Page 16 TOP: Feed-Forward in Control Systems

6. List in order and explain the levels of biological organization.

DIF: Application REF: Page 5 | Page 6 TOP: Levels of Structural Organization

7. Describe anatomical position. What is meant by bilateral symmetry?

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 TOP: Anatomical Position

8. Name and give the contents of the two major cavities in the human body.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 7 | Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

9. What are parietal and visceral membranes? Give an example of each.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 8 TOP: Body Cavities

10. Name and explain the 10 terms used in anatomical directions.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 10 TOP: Terms Related to Anatomical Direction

11. Name and explain the seven terms related to organs or organ systems.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 11 | Page 12 TOP: Terms Related to Organs and Organ Systems

12. Name and describe the three major body planes of the body.

DIF: Memorization REF: Page 12 TOP: Body Planes and Sections

13. Challenge: Using either a living or nonliving system, give an example of a system that tries to maintain a relatively constant condition by using a negative feedback mechanism.

DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 14 | Page 16 TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms