Multiple Choice: Industrialization

Choose the best answer for each question and mark the corresponding letter on your scantron. 75 points.

1. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was a. higher prices for crops b. increased rural population density c. a shortage of land for farming d. greater productivity of farming

2. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was a. a decrease in child labor b. an increase in the demand for handicraft goods c. a decrease in immigration to the United States d. an increase in urbanization 4.What effect of 19th-century industrialization in the United States is 3. Why was the formation of labor unions an represented by the changes shown in the effect of U.S. industrialization in the late above graph? 1800s? a. increased regulation of child labor a. Unions were needed to guarantee b. modernization of agriculture a steady supply of workers c. decreased demand for farm b. Union membership was required products for employment in new d. emigration from the US industries c. Factory owners set up labor unions 5. What problem arising from U.S. in order to control their larger industrialization did the progressive workforce reformers of the late 19th and early 20th d. Unions organized industrial centuries wan the federal government to workers to protest unsafe address? working conditions and a. use of child labor in the long workdays. workplace b. unfair taxes on the wealthy c. restrictions on the use of natural resources d. lack of capital for railroad expansion Multiple Choice: Industrialization

6. As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th 9. In the late 19th century, industrialization centuries, progressive reformers sought led to harsh working conditions in the government regulation of business in order United States. Which policies of the U.S. to government allowed such conditions to a. control economic cycles of develop and later led to the growth of labor inflation and recession unions to correct abuses of workers? b. provide money for public services a. laissez faire policies toward big such as schools and libraries business c. restore competition by limiting b. antitrust policies toward the power of monopolies monopolies and trusts c. imperialist policies regarding d. prevent companies from moving territorial expansion their factories to other d. isolationist policies regarding countries international alliances

7. The appearance in many U.S. cities of 10. Railroads brought goods and people to department stores, organized sporting America’s trade and manufacturing centers. events, musical theaters and amusement Chicago grew as a meatpacking city. parks in the last decades of the 19th century Philadelphia became a manufacturing center was evidence of what effect of for steel and coal. New York grew as a industrialization? thriving center for trade. Increased a. improved living conditions on industrialization led to American farms a. Improved sanitation and housing b. the growing power of unions to b. The elimination of the working negotiate benefits for their class members c.Improvements in the lifestyle of c. government-sponsored programs the working class to improve public health and d. An increase in the number of education people working in manufacturing d. an increase in the leisure time and disposable 11. Labor unions formed as a way to help income of the urban workers middle class a. Find better jobs b. Learn more skilled trades 8. In 1770 James Hargreaves of England c. Improve their working conditions received a patent for his spinning jenny. d. Increase the hours children could Another Englishman, Samuel Crompton, work combined the spinning jenny with a water frame. He called his new invention the spinning mule. The spinning jenny and spinning mule are examples of a. cultural changes b. socioeconomic changes c. technological advances d. communication advances Multiple Choice: Industrialization

12. As part of the garment industry, adults 15. Industrialization affected the United and children worked in small, crowded States rooms called sweatshops making new a. Through the growth of urban centers clothes. Their hours were long. Their pay b. By encouraging the westward was little. Often the rooms were dark. What movement advantage were sweatshops to the textile c. Through the growth of small family industry? farms a. They eliminated textile factories d. By emigration from the United b. Kept the cost of production low States to Europe. c. They employed only women and children 16. In his article, The Gospel of Wealth, d. They helped families create their Andrew Carnegie stated, “The contrast own small businesses between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us today…is not 13. In which countries did industrialization to be deplored, but welcomed as highly take place? beneficial. It is…essential for the progress a. In those that had limited trade routes of the race.” b. In those that had largely rural Andrew Carnegie populations a. Believed in equality c. In those that had coal or other power b. Promoted regulation of industry as a source means to wealth d. In those that wanted to maintain c. Felt a class system was essential traditional ways of working d. Believed that everyone should receive the same opportunities.

17. The Industrial Revolution began in which country? a. France b. Great Britain c. Japan d. The United States

18. Which was the first industry impacted by the Industrial Revolution? a. Automobile b. Electrical appliances c. Steel d. Textile 14. What is the meaning of the cartoon? a. The children need food. b. The children need new clothes. c. Capitalists cared about child welfare. d. Children are being treated as property. Multiple Choice: Industrialization

19. Which of the following was NOT an 23. The major feature of industrial cities in effect of the Industrial Revolution? Britain was a growing population. How did a. An increasing number of people population growth affect these industrial worked in factories cities? b. An increasing number of people a. Population growth created more jobs lived in cities b. Population growth resulted in more c. An increasing number of people schools worked on family farms c. Population growth encouraged d. An increasing number of people left migration to rural areas the family farms d. Population growth led to overcrowded, unsanitary living 20. In response to industrialism, which of conditions the following did Karl Marx envision would inevitably occur? 24. Certain conditions workers faced in a. The wealthy class would grow more growing industries led them to form labor powerful unions. Which of the following conditions b. The middle class would grow more was most responsible for the growth of powerful unions? c. The lower class would grow more a. Long hours and low wages powerful b. Women in the workforce d. There would be a classless society c. Lack of skilled jobs in factories d. Violence in the workplace 21. Which of the following societal changes was brought on by the Industrial 25. Industrialization began in northeastern Revolution? Europe, but later spread to the rest of the a. Coal miners moved out of the cities world. This expansion was a result of b. Rural folk moved to cities for factory a. Improved transportation jobs b. Better working conditions c. Farm wives gained a valuable source c. A ban on child labor of income d. Reliance on a family-based economy d. Seamstresses were promoted to management positions POPULATION OF SELECT BRITISH CITIES, 1801-1891 22. Cities had been built on rivers from the TOWN 1801 1861 1891 very beginning of human civilization. When Birmingham 74,000 296,000 523,000 the Industrial Revolution began, growing Leeds 53,000 207,000 429,000 cities were often located close to what other Liverpool 80,000 444,000 704,000 resource? Manchester 90,000 339,000 645,000 a. Farmland 26. Which development best explains the b. Oil wells pattern shown in the chart above? c. Child labor a. The Enlightenment d. Coal and iron mines b. The Industrial Revolution c. The Irish Potato Famine d. The American Revolution Multiple Choice: Industrialization

27. As the inventions and methods of the “Crouched over the coal chutes, the boys sit Industrial Revolution spread around the hour after hour, picking out the pieces of world, they brought many important slate. I once tried to do the work a twelve- changes. What was an important effect of year old boy was doing day after day, for industrialization in the United States? ten hours at a stretch, for sixty cents a day. a. A decline in the size of the middle The gloom appalled me.” class - John Spargo b. A decline in the use of labor-saving technologies 30. What development did the conditions c. An increase in migration from the described in this quotation lead to? countryside to the cities a. Passage of child labor laws d. An increase in the demand for hand- b. Ideas of the Enlightenment made goods c. Spread of imperialism to Africa d. A migration from the countryside to “It was a town of red brick, or of brick that cities would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a 31. A business owned by stockholders who town of unnatural red and black like the share in its profits but are not personally painted face of a savage. It was a town of responsible for its debts is a machinery and tall chimneys, out of which a. Factory endless smoke trailed forever and ever. It b. Corporation had a black canal in it, and a river that ran c. Stock purple with ill-smelling dye.” d. Monopoly

28. This is a quotation from the novel Hard 32. The economic system in which the Times, by Charles Dickens. The condition of factors of production are privately owned the town described in this passage illustrates and money is invested in business ventures the effects of the to make a profit is called a. Enlightenment a. Capitalism b. American Revolution b. Socialism c. Industrial Revolution c. Communism d. French Revolution d. Democracy

29. Why was industrialization in the United 33. The coauthor of The Communist States primarily concentrated in the Manifesto who described communism as a Northeast? form of complete socialism in which the a. This region had the greatest supplies people own the means of production was of capital and labor. a. Adam Smith b. The climate of the North favored b. Karl Marx industrial development. c. Thomas Jefferson c. Other regions of the country lacked d. Jane Addams water transportation. d. The Midwest and South had fewer natural resources. Multiple Choice: Industrialization

34. The economic policy that favors a free 40. The building of cities and the movement marked unregulated by government is called of people to the cities is called a. Utilitarianism a. Industrialization b. Socialism b. Urbanization c. Laissez faire c. Enclosure d. Monopolies d. Citification

35. Large fields surrounded by fences or 41. The greatly increased output of machine- hedges, in which landowners experimented made goods that began in England in the with seeding and harvesting methods to middle 1799s is called the ______. boost crop yields, were called a. Industrial Revolution a. Enclosures b. Enlightenment b. Stocks c. Urban Movement c. Entrepreneurs d. Great Migration d. Farms 42. The ______is a social class of 36. The economic system in which the people made up of skilled workers, factors of production are owned by the professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy public and operate for the welfare of all farmers. people is called a. Middle class a. Capitalism b. Lower class b. Utilitarianism c. Upper class c. Socialism d. Urbanites d. Laissez faire 43. This is NOT one of the reasons 37. The process of developing machine contributing to making Great Britain the production of goods is called starting place for the Industrial Revolution. a. Enclosure a. Population growth b. Industrialization b. Ready supply of capital c. Urbanization c. Plentiful natural resources d. Crop rotation d. Lack of industrial markets

38. Land, labor, and capital are 44. This is the production method done by ______, or resources needed individuals in their rural homes. to produce goods and services. a. Cottage industry a. Factors of production b. Laissez faire b. Urbanization c. Capitalism c. Entrepreneur d. Puddling d. Industrialization 45. This is the system in which society owns 39. A person who organizes, manages, and and controls the means of production. takes on the risks of a business is an a. Socialism a. Industrialist b. Capitalism b. Capitalist c. Classless society c. Entrepreneur d. Democracy d. Communist Multiple Choice: Industrialization

46. He discovered the first radio waves. 52. Which one of these was NOT an a. Alexander Graham Bell effect of compulsory education (that b. Karl Marx means people being forced to get an c. Guglielmo Marconi education)? d. Leopold II a. Educated voters b. Increased literacy 47. These were the working class c. Trained people to work in oppressed. factories a. Bourgeoisie d. Started feminism b. Capitalist c. Revisionists 53. What basic right were women denied d. Proletariat until WWI? a. Suffrage 48. One of these is NOT part of mass b. Right to own property society. c. Right to work a. New elite d. Right to liberty b. Middle class c. Upper class 54. True or False: Women and children d. Working class made up 2/3 of the cotton workers during the Industrial Revolution? 49. ______is the a. True movement for gaining women’s rights. b. False a. Suffrage b. Capitalism 55. This was one of the main causes of c. Feminism railroads being built more during the d. Socialism Industrial Revolution. a. More places to go 50. A ______is a b. Cheaper production of steel government in which a person or group c. Improvement of working has absolute power. conditions a. Democracy d. Women need jobs b. Dictatorship c. Socialist government 56. True or False: Compulsory d. Communist government Education meant that all boys and girls were forced to attend school. 51. He wrote the Communist Manifesto. a. True a. Marconi b. False b. Marx c. Edison 57. ______is the d. Lenin right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours. a. Collective Bargaining b. Trade union c. Assembly line d. Socialism Multiple Choice: Industrialization

58. Which of the following was NOT a 63. Which of the following factors new form of leisure activity during the MOST contributed to the shorter life industrial revolution? span of those living in cities as opposed a. Newspapers to those in the country during the b. Swimming pools Industrial Revolution? c. Amusement parks a. Long working hours d. Organized sports teams b. Illness caused by unhealthy conditions 59. Why did cities grow so quickly in c. Inadequate housing the 19th century? d. Excessive garbage a. Because of migration from rural areas 64. Read the following excerpt from b. Because of disease Hannah Goode, a young female textile c. Because of tenements mill worker in England in 1833. d. Because of new leisure activities “William Crookes is overlooker in our room. He is cross- 60. Which of the following was the first tempered sometimes. He does not professional baseball team? beat me; he beats the little children a. Brooklyn Dodgers if they do not do their work right…I b. Cincinnati Reds have sometimes seen the little c. New York Yankees children drop asleep or so, but not d. Boston Red Sox lately. If they are catched asleep they get the strap. They are always 61. Laissez faire very tired at night…I can read a philosophers/economists supported little; I can’t write. I used to go to which of the following? school before I went to the mill; I a. Child labor have since I am sixteen.” b. Minimum wage laws c. Lack of government Which of the following statements could interference. be ascertained from the above reading? d. Better working conditions a. Young laborers received low and unfair wages compared to 62. What was the main cause of the adult workers process of urbanization that occurred in b. There was a major lack of child 19th century Britain and elsewhere in labor laws in England Western Europe? during the Industrial a. Poor crop yields Revolution b. Improved living conditions in c. Children typically go to school cities during the day and work at c. Industrialization night d. More efficient transportation d. None of the above assumptions systems can be made Multiple Choice: Industrialization

65. Why were the poorer social classes more USE THE POPULATION GROWTH likely to support the theory of communism CHART BELOW TO ANSWER THE during the Industrial Revolution? FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. a. Communism promised economic equality b. Communism offered an opportunity to get rich c. the poor would work hard enough under communism to enter the middle class d. Communism promised a more urbanized and thus modernized society

66. The crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution increased crop yields… a. by allowing more land to rest. b. by increasing nutrients in the soil c. by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted d. by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting 69. Which city showed the smallest crops. percentage increase in population? a. Liverpool 67. All of the following were results of the b. London agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT c. Edinburgh that… d. Glasgow a. Food prices decreased b. Population increased 70. Which city would be ranked with the c. the number of farmers increased second largest population in 1850? d. the average size of farms increased a. Birmingham b. Liverpool c. Edinburgh 68. What were the long-term effects of Marx d. Glasgow and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto? a. Working classes worldwide 71. What reason might account for the city demanded a “dictatorship of the that had the smallest increase in growth? proletariat”. a. Industry was slow to grow in the b. Marx and Engels proved correct as city. economic forces alone ruled society b. Sickness was widespread in that c. In the 1900s, Marxism inspired city. revolutionaries such as Russia’s c. Natural resources were scarce in Lenin. that city. d. The 1848 and 1849 revolts shook d. Population was already high in Europe but were suppressed. that city. Multiple Choice: Industrialization

72. Which of the following best explains 75. The appearance in many U.S. cities of why some countries industrialized more department stores, organized sporting slowly than others? events, musical theaters, and amusement a. they lacked the drive parks in the last decades of the 19th century b. they lacked the factors of production was evidence of what effect of c. they were engaged in more lucrative industrialization? forms of economic activity a. improved living conditions on d. they lacked skilled workers American farms b. the growing power of unions to 73. Read the quote below from Patience negotiate benefits for their numbers Kershaw when she testified before child c. government sponsored programs to labor commission then answer the following improve public health and education. question. d. an increase in the leisure time and disposable income of the urban “I go to the mine at 5 o’clock in the middle class. morning and come out at 5 in the evening…I hurry in the clothes I have now got on, trousers and ragged jacket. The bald place upon my head is made by pushing the corves (carts full of coal)… I hurry the corves a mie and more underground and back…I wear a belt and chain…to get the corves out.”

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the ideas in the passage concerning child labor? a. Long working hours b. Low pay c. Physically harmful d. Poor working conditions

74. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was a. higher prices for crops b. increased rural population density c. a shortage of land for farming d. greater productivity of farming