Study Guide 2 Bio 4 C

Study Guide 2 Bio 4 C. Shannon F14 Chapters: 9,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,40,44 (10th edition)

Ch. 10 Photosynthesis autotroph, heterotroph, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, balanced equation for photosynthesis, chloroplast, mesophyll, stomata, thylakoid, pigments, chlorophyll, carotenoids, photon, electromagnetic spectrum, light wavelengths absorbed by pigments, grana, stroma, light dependent reaction (where it occurs/what's involved), cyclic vs. noncyclic photophosphorylation, photosystem I, photosystem II, pigment, photophosphorylation, Calvin cycle (where it occurs/what is needed to make one glucose), gas produced by photosynthesis?? C3, C4, CAM plants, rubisco, photorespiration, Pep carboxylase, succulents Climate change/Greenhouse Effect, Greenhouse Gases, CFC's, the ecological effects of global warming, deforestation, what can we do? 11th hour DVD, David Suzuki’s web site?

Ch. 9 Cellular respiration & Ch. 40,44 Metabolism redox reactions, cellular respiration, aerobic vs. anaerobic, fermentation, chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate level phosphorylation, sequence of steps in aerobic respiration(glycolysis, transition reaction, krebs cycle, electron transport chain) and where each occurs, glyceraldehyde phosphate (PGAL), summary sheet to get 36-38 ATP, #ATP/NADH, #ATP/FADH, oxygen's function in electron transport chain, cycle of C,H,O (p.160), catabolism of fats and proteins homeostasis, osmoregulation, osmotic potential, hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, isosmotic, fresh water fish vs. marine fish, K-rat thermoregulation, perennial, transpiration, plant adaptations to hot and cold, metabolism, conformer vs. regulator, hibernation, torpor, aestivation, modes of heat loss and/or gain: radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation, insulation, boundary layer, poikilotherm, homeotherm, ectotherm, endotherm

Ch. 16 DNA Griffith's experiment, Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophage, DNA, cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, complementary base pairing, structure of DNA, Chargaff's rules, semiconservative replication (DNA replication), template, Watson & Crick, Rosalind Franklin, DNA polymerase, Helicase, DNA ligase, Okazaki fragments, Meselson & Stahl experiment, leading strand, lagging strand, direction of synthesis of new DNA strands

Ch. 17 Protein Synthesis RNA, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, genetic code, codon, anticodon, transcription, translation, DNA > RNA > Protein (how a protein is made), methionine, most common DNA termination sites, terminator codons, start codon, how fast is transcription, RNA polymerase, ribosome, mRNA processing, introns, exons, aminoacetyl-tRNA synthetase, P & A sites, GTP, free ribosomes vs. bound ribosomes, peptidyl transferase, translocation, stages of translation, termination/release factor, polyribosomes, gene mutations, mutagen, effect of substitution, deletion, addition(insertion) Ch. 11 Cell Communication Cell-to-cell communication, neurotransmitter, hormones, epinephrine, adrenal glands, cell signaling, ligand, protein kinase, cellular responses to signals

Ch. 18 Microbial Models (p. 360-366) transposons, operon, repressor, regulatory gene, operator, inducer

Ch. 12 & 13 Mitosis & Meiosis genome, mitosis, cell cycles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, binary fission, daughter cell, mother cell, spindle fibers, asters, phases of mitosis (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), metaphase plate, cell plate, cleavage furrow, cytokinesis, cleavage, centromere, chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, control of cell division, MPF, cyclin, cdc2 (cdks), transformation, cancer cell, tumor, benign tumor, malignant tumor, metastasis, kinetochore, centriole sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, meiosis, gamete, gonads, homologous chromosomes, tetrad, haploid(N), diploid(2N), phases of meiosis and generally what happens in each phase, somatic cell, sex cell, synapsis, crossing over, independent assortment, chiasma, autosome, sex chromosome, fertilization, zygote, karyotype, genes

You may have multiple choice, true/false, matching, definitions, short answer, essays and fill-in-the-blanks, and "yes" spelling counts!!!!

Sample Essays 1. Discuss photosynthesis. List all the steps and locations (be specific) involved in the light and dark reactions. Be sure to include the amount of energy generated and used to make glucose. Also compare and contrast C3, C4 and CAM plants. 2. Discuss cellular respiration. List all the steps and locations (be specific). Include the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation. Be sure to list the amount of ATP (energy) produced at each step. List the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 3. Diagram the Calvin cycle and the Krebs cycle and describe how each fits into either photosynthesis or respiration. 4. Define an endotherm and an ectotherm and give examples of each. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. 5. Compare and contrast mitosis with the first division of meiosis. At what points during meiosis does the potential for genetic variation occur? 6. What is DNA? Draw a DNA molecule (in the ladder diagram). Label the DNA structure. Circle a part of the diagram (6 bases long) and tell what mRNA would be made. 7. Write a definition (not the equations) of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. How are they linked together (C,H,O cycle)? 8. Visit David Suzuki’s web site (www.davidsuzuki.org) Click on the “issues” tab. Give a brief overview of climate change and one other issue. Click on “What you can do,” how do you reduce your carbon footprint? How can you eat for a healthy planet? Can you be “green” your workplace?

TSEB ERA STNEDUTS RUOF OIB!!