*Note 1 Megaton = 31,754,705 Gallon Gasoline

Name: ______1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Due: ______Internet assignment go to my home page and click on the astronomy links. Questions 1 – 12 will be answered using the following link: Solar System Collisions http://janus.astro.umd.edu/astro/impact/ When at the web page enter the numbers for each situation and click on impact. *Note 1 megaton = 31,754,705 gallon gasoline The Hiroshima bomb was only .015 megatons

Situation 1  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1 km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 10km/s (which is 22,369 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 1. What is the wrong with the above numbers? Too slow 2. What force makes asteroids accelerate as they approach earth? Gravity Situation 2  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 15km/s (which is about 33,554 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 3. How much energy is released? 110 MT 4. What does the web page use as a reference point to compare energy released? 100 MT nuclear war head 5. How frequent are impacts like this? 1,700 years 6. What is the crater’s depth? .3km Situation 3  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 30km/s (which is about 67,108 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 7. How much energy is released? 439 MT 8. The projectiles velocity was doubled in situation 3 when compared to situation 2. Did the energy released double? No quadruple 9. How frequent are impacts of this type? 5100 years 10. What is the crater’s depth? .4km Situation 4  Target Earth (land)  Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter??? See question 11 and 12  Projectile Velocity 20km/s (which is about 44,738 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 11. What is the smallest projectile diameter that will cause human extinction? 3.4 km or 2.1 miles 12. How frequent are impacts of this type? 11 million years

Situation 5  Go to the Earth Impact Effects Program http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/impacteffects/ and enter the information to answer the questions  Assume you are 500km away (about 310 miles)?  Diameter of Asteroid = (5km)  Density = (iron 8,000 kg/m3)  Impact Velocity: (20.00 km/s) (which is about 44738. Mile/hour)  Impact Angle: (45 degrees)  Target Type: (Sedimentary Rock) Questions 1.How much energy is released? 2 .50 x 10 7 MT or 25,000,000 MT 2. How often do impacts like this happen? 5.5 x 107years or 55,000,000 3. How big is the crater going to be? (diameter) 4. Define Thermal Radiation "fireball” - heat 5. What would you “feel” with respect to the Effects of Thermal Radiation? Clothing ignites - Much of the body suffers third degree burns - Newspaper ignites - Plywood flames - Deciduous trees ignite - Grass ignites 6. Seismic Effects: Would be similar to an earth quake of 9.6 on the Richter Scale. 7. Define air blast. 8. What sort of damage would result? Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse - Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse - Highway truss bridges will collapse - Glass windows will shatter - Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves 9. What did you learn or find interesting at this site. (do not leave blank) Name: ______1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Due: ______Internet assignment Go to my home page and click on the astronomy links. Questions 1 – 12 will be answered using the following link: Solar System Collisions http://janus.astro.umd.edu/astro/impact/ When at the web page enter the numbers for each situation and click on impact.

*Note 1 megaton = 31,754,705 gallon gasoline The Hiroshima bomb was only .015 megatons

Situation 1  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1 km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 10km/s (which is 22,369 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 1. What is the wrong with the above numbers? ______2. What force makes asteroids accelerate as they approach earth? ____ Situation 2  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 15km/s (which is about 33,554 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 3. How much energy is released? ______4. What does the web page use as a reference point to compare energy released? ______5. How frequent are impacts like this? ______6. What is the crater’s depth? ______

Situation 3  Target Earth (land) Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter .1km (which is about 110 yards)  Projectile Velocity 30km/s (which is about 67,108 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 7. How much energy is released? ______8. The projectiles velocity was doubled in situation 3 when compared to situation 2. Did the energy released double? ______9. How frequent are impacts of this type? ______10. What is the crater’s depth? ______Situation 4  Target Earth (land)  Projectile Composition: Iron  Projectile Diameter??? See question 11 and 12  Projectile Velocity 20km/s (which is about 44,738 Mile/hour)  Hit Kaboom 11. What is the smallest projectile diameter that will cause human extinction? ______12. How frequent are impacts of this type? ______

Situation 5  Go to the Earth Impact Effects Program http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/impacteffects/ and enter the information to answer the questions  Assume you are 500km away (about 310 miles)?  Diameter of Asteroid = (5km)  Density = (iron 8,000 kg/m3)  Impact Velocity: (20.00 km/s) (which is about 44738. Mile/hour)  Impact Angle: (45 degrees)  Target Type: (Sedimentary Rock)

Questions 1.How much energy is released? ______2. How often do impacts like this happen? ______3. How big is the crater going to be? (diameter) ______4. Define Thermal Radiation ______5. What would you “feel” with respect to the Effects of Thermal Radiation? ______6. Seismic Effects: Would be similar to an earth quake of ______on the Richter Scale. 7. Define air blast. ______8. What sort of damage would result? ______9. What did you learn or find interesting at this assignment. (do not leave blank) ______