Assess the Social and Environmental Impact of the Technologies Based on Above Topic

UNIT OVERVIEW

 Demonstrate an understanding of work, energy, momentum, and the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, in one and two dimensions.  Assess the social and environmental impact of the technologies based on above topic.  Understanding Hook’s law through laboratory inquiry.  This Unit was planned using the 4MAT method to appeal to multiple intelligences and to differentiate instruction.  The resource used is a textbook: Physics 12 , Nelson Unit:2. Lesson (Title and Evaluation topic) including Expectation Lesson Strategy and Assessment criteria Codes addressed from Achievement Chart

Lesson #1 C2.1, C2.2, -Mental Set - Brainstorm different meanings and examples The Venn A1.8,A1.9, of energy and work and help students identify what energy diagram Title: Introduction A1.10, A1.3, means to them. (15 min)T-P-S or PlaceMat (group of 4) students to work and energy. A1.7 produce will -Practice and Application - Have students study and be evaluated Topic: Analyze and categorize the different examples of energy and work they for it's explain situations have found. (energy in motion and energy at rest should be knowledge, involving work and 2 of these groups) (30 min) application energy. and (60 min) Venn Diagram communicati Have student split into groups and give them a category to on. study for the next day.

Lesson #2 C2.1, C2.2, -Jigsaw-Give each group time to set up a discuss and set Students will A1.8,A1.9, up a 2-3 minutes presentation involving their category do a peer and Title: Category A1.10, A1.3, then reassemble the groups so a student from each self analysis and A1.7, A1.11, speciality can give a presentation to that group. The evaluation of presentation. A1.12 presentation will be based on whether the student can the identify the unique characteristics of that group, give presentation Topic: Define and several very different examples of that group and whether for all 4 of the students can communicate that information effectively. achievement criteria. describe concepts and units related to energy

(60 min)

Lesson #3 C2.1, C2.2, C3.4 -Introduce students to definitions and equation of potential Homework and kinetic energy then introduce the concept of work and will be Title: Kinetic A1.8,A1.9, energy and the work-energy theorem. assigned to Energy and the A1.10, A1.3, measure all 4 Work-Energy A1.7, A1.11, of Theorem, A1.12 achievement criteria. Gravitational section 4.2,understanding concepts,Q1to 5 section Potential Energy at Earth’s Surface 4.1 questions /formative assessment on Topic: Define and understanding describe concepts and units related to Lecture, problem solving, sec:4.3 Q1-5 page# 191 Gravitational potential energy and relate it to its Unit Accommodations/Modifications for ELL or IEP students:

 The teacher can pair students who are ESL or have other learning disabilities or physical disabilities with students who are finding success in the course.  The teacher circulates through the room to ensure that each pairs/groups of students is showing understanding of the task and concepts involved.  The teacher provides computers to students to type their reports, research papers, journals. The teacher conducts interviews/conference to assess the student learning and understanding of the concepts.  The worksheets or activities may have to be modified for some students.  The teacher pre-assess students one or two weeks before the beginning of the unit using different activities or tests.  The teacher should use the observations from the activities as a form of individual pre-assessment.  The teacher should provide a journal of common terms to students who need the support.

Culminating Task and Assessment Tools Student Handout: Summative Activity on Energy And Momentum Given Time: 2 Weeks What’s important in this lesson:  Work carefully through the questions in this culminating activity.  These questions have been designed to see what knowledge you have gained about the topics that you covered in this unit.  You will be given one work period to get the observation from the sonic motion detector.  You have two weeks to work on it. Complete the following steps: 1. Read through the lessons on your own. 2. Complete all questions provided. 3. If you have any questions, ask your teacher. 4. Check your answers with the teacher. Hand in the following: 1. Hand in this Summative activity.

Purpose: To determine whether on not momentum and kinetic energy are conserved during a linear (one-dimensional) collision.

Hypothesis: (Write your own here AFTER reading the procedure.( 2 marks)

Materials: Two dynamics carts, sonic motion detector, paper and sticky tape (for making crash bumper), several 100 g masses Procedure: Follow the instructions at p. 321-323 and p. 361 of the book“Fundamentals of Physics: A Senior Course”, ( Copies of the book are in the school Library) •Substitute crumpled paper and sticky tape for the hatpin and cork and the sonic motion detector for the ticker timer. •In order to find the necessary velocities, plot a position-time graph and calculate slopes. Attach your graph to this report before handing it in.

Momentum Data/Analysis: Table 1: Data for position-time graph.( 3 marks)

1.Mass of launched cart (total) = ______Mass of target cart (total) = ______

Time ( ) Position( ) Time ( ) Position( )

2. Slope calculation for velocity before collision (3marks):

3. Slope calculation for velocity after collision (3 marks):

4. Table 2: Summary of data (3marks)

Cart 1 Cart 2 Total Momentum m1 v1 v1' p1 p1' m2 v2 v2' p2 p2' pT pT'

5.Full calculation of momentum for launched cart before collision (3marks): 6.Full calculation of total momentum after collision (3marks):

Discussion: 1.How does the initial momentum of the system compare to the final momentum? (1mark)

2.Calculate the percentage difference in the momentum before and after the collision. (3 marks)

Kinetic Energy

Data/Analysis 1.Calculation of total kinetic energy before the collision (3 marks)

2.Calculation of total kinetic energy after the collision (3 marks)

3.Express the total kinetic energy after the collision as a percentage of the total before the collision. (3 marks) 4.What does the value calculated in step 3 above represent? Based on this result, would you describe the collision as elastic or inelastic? (2 marks)

5.In a collision such as this one, account for any energy that might be lost (even if none was lost in your case). (2 marks)

Conclusion: (2 marks)

Making Connections (STSE): 1.When investigating the scene of an automobile accident, would it make more sense for forensic scientists to use momentum or kinetic energy? Explain. (2 marks) 2.Elastic collisions on Earth are rare, but one common collision that is nearly elastic is that between billiard balls. Use vector diagrams and Pythagorean theorem to prove that when two billiard balls engage in a two-dimensional collision they move off at right angles to each other. (4 marks) ( Attach an extra sheet to this report if necessary.)

 Assessment Tools: Rubric for: 1. Knowledge/ Understanding 2. Communication 3. Application 4. Connections

Rubric for assessing the Questions Criteria Quality Knowledge/Understanding Shows exceptional Shows some Shows little or understanding of understanding of no understanding of the concept. No the concept the concept. Just mistakes in Minor mistakes in mentions interpretation interpretation. concepts, but doesn’t explain them. Communication Content were clear Content were some Content was not and written with no what clear and clear. Lots of errors errors written with some were made. errors Application The specific Parts of the specific Most of the specific application of application of application of concept is concept are missing concept is missing appropriate and and/or contain and/or contains complete. errors. errors. Connection makes appropriate makes unclear or makes no connections inappropriate connections the between the connections the reasoning and reasoning and reasoning and concept concept concept Unit Test Unit: Energy And Conservation (SPH4U) Marks: A) Knowledge/Understanding (12 marks) B) Thinking/ Inquiry (24 marks) C) Application (6 marks) D) Communication is marked within each question. Formula Sheet:

3. FF=µFFN

Multiple Choice – (Knowledge/Understanding )(6 marks) 1...... 2...... 3...... 4...... 5...... 6...... Write the correct letter for each multiple – choice question in the table below:

Q2. A child’s toy is sitting at rest on a frictionless surface. It all of a sudden splits into two equal pieces of equal mass. One piece moves to the right at a speed of v while the other piece must move: a) With a speed of v/2 to the left b) With a speed of v to the left c) Nowhere-It will remain stationary d) With a speed of v/2 to the right e) Unknown without the mass of the pieces

Q3. When a spring’s compression is doubled, the elastic energy will be: a) 4 times greater b) 2 times greater c) Not change d) 2 times smaller e) 4 times smaller Q4. When you catch a fast-moving baseball, your hand hurts less if you move it in the direction of the ball because: a) The ball changes momentum more slowly b) The force applied is smaller c) You decease the impulse required to stop the ball d) a) and b) e) All of a), b) and c)

Q5. The theory that states that a change in kinetic energy is equal to the force applied multiplied by the displacement is known as: a) Force displacement theorem b) Conservation of Momentum theorem c) Conservation of Energy theorem d) Work-Energy theorem e) None of the above Q6. An egg is dropped from 10 m above. In order to preserve the egg and avoid breaking it, it is dropped in a container with cotton balls around it that helps cushion the impact with the ground. The reason the egg does not break when the container is used is because: a) The change in Momentum of the egg is less b) The change in the Kinetic energy of the egg is less c) The time interval of the interaction is longer d) The impulse on the egg is greater e) None of the above Problems - Knowledge/Understanding Solve each of the following problems being sure to state each final answer with the correct number of significant figures: Q7. What impulse is exerted on the underlined object in each of the following cases (a) A billiard ball bouncing off a cushion (the force time graph is given below) (2 marks)

(b) A collision between a toy car and a brick wall (the force-time graph id given below) (2 marks) Q8. A Force sensor is used to measure the weight of a block. The force constant of the spring inside the force sensor is 32N/m. The block is hung from the sensor vertically and the spring stretches 2.3 cm. What is the weight of the block? (2 marks)

Problems- Thinking/Inquiry Note: Be sure to state all final answers in a final statement with the correct number of significant figures. Q9. Two carts equipped with spring bumpers on an air track have an elastic collision. The 253 g cart has an initial velocity of 1.80 m/s [N]. The 232 g cart is initially stationary. What is the velocity of each cart after the collision? (6 marks) Q10. A steel bar of mass 0.50 Kg moving with a velocity of 2.0 m/s [E] strikes a second ball of mass 0.30 Kg initially at rest. The collision is a glancing one, causing the moving ball to have a velocity of 1.5 m/s [30.0 degrees N of E] after the collision. Determine the speed of the second ball after the collision. (6 marks) Q11. A baseball of mass 0.152 Kg, travelling horizontally at 37.5 m/s [E], collides with a baseball bat. The collision lasts for 1.15 ms (milliseconds). Immediately after the collision, the baseball travels horizontally at 49.5 m/s [W]. Determine the average force exerted to the baseball from the bat. (6 marks) Q12. An arrow travelling at 4.0 x 101 m/s strikes and embeds itself in a 4.00 x 102 g apple at rest. The apple with the arrow in it moves off horizontally at 1.0 x 101m/s after the impact. What is the mass of the arrow? (6 marks) Application – A Q13. You have been selected to coach the Provincial Water Balloon toss defending champions. The games consist of catching a tossed balloon filled with water. Keeping in mind that these balloons are very easy to break, provide and explain one piece of advice you would give to your team. (3 marks) Q14. A child’s toy consists of four equal massed pieces that fit together as one. The toy is sitting on the frictionless table. A timer inside will pop all four pieces off simultaneously (not in the air) with the same speed. What angle will be in between each piece? Explain why? (3 marks)

This is a Summative (Assessment “Of”) Rubric For Evaluation Answers to the Unit Test Unit: Energy And Conservation (SPH4U) Marks: A) Knowledge/Understanding (12 marks) B) Thinking/ Inquiry (24 marks) C) Application (6 marks) D) Communication is marked within each question. Formula Sheet:

10. FF=µFFN

11.

12.

13.

14.

Multiple Choice – (Knowledge/Understanding )(6 marks) 7. (e) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. 11. 12. (d) (d) (c)

Write the correct letter for each multiple – choice question in the table below:

Q1. Three balls of identical mass are released from the top of a 100.0 m high cliff all attached to a separate spring. The first ball drops 50.0 m, the second 75.0 m and the third 99 m. Which ball has the largest amount of total energy at the bottom of the fall? f) Ball one g) Ball two h) Ball three i) None of the balls have energy after falling as far as they can j) They all have the same amount Q2. A child’s toy is sitting at rest on a frictionless surface. It all of a sudden splits into two equal pieces of equal mass. One piece moves to the right at a speed of v while the other piece must move: f) With a speed of v/2 to the left g) With a speed of v to the left h) Nowhere-It will remain stationary i) With a speed of v/2 to the right j) Unknown without the mass of the pieces

Q3. When a spring’s compression is doubled, the elastic energy will be: f) 4 times greater g) 2 times greater h) Not change i) 2 times smaller j) 4 times smaller

Q4. When you catch a fast-moving baseball, your hand hurts less if you move it in the direction of the ball because: f) The ball changes momentum more slowly g) The force applied is smaller h) You decease the impulse required to stop the ball i) a) and b) j) All of a), b) and c)

Q5. The theory that states that a change in kinetic energy is equal to the force applied multiplied by the displacement is known as: f) Force displacement theorem g) Conservation of Momentum theorem h) Conservation of Energy theorem i) Work-Energy theorem j) None of the above Q6. An egg is dropped from 10 m above. In order to preserve the egg and avoid breaking it, it is dropped in a container with cotton balls around it that helps cushion the impact with the ground. The reason the egg does not break when the container is used is because: f) The change in Momentum of the egg is less g) The change in the Kinetic energy of the egg is less h) The time interval of the interaction is longer i) The impulse on the egg is greater j) None of the above Problems - Knowledge/Understanding Solve each of the following problems being sure to state each final answer with the correct number of significant figures: Q7. What impulse is exerted on the underlined object in each of the following cases (a) A billiard ball bouncing off a cushion (the force time graph is given below) (2 marks) (b) A collision between a toy car and a brick wall (the force-time graph id given below) (2 marks)

Ans7) Q8. A Force sensor is used to measure the weight of a block. The force constant of the spring inside the force sensor is 32N/m. The block is hung from the sensor vertically and the spring stretches 2.3 cm. What is the weight of the block? (2 marks) Ans8)

Q11. A baseball of mass 0.152 Kg, travelling horizontally at 37.5 m/s [E], collides with a baseball bat. The collision lasts for 1.15 ms (milliseconds). Immediately after the collision, the baseball travels horizontally at 49.5 m/s [W]. Determine the average force exerted to the baseball from the bat. (6 marks) Ans11) Q12. An arrow travelling at 4.0 x 101 m/s strikes and embeds itself in a 4.00 x 102 g apple at rest. The apple with the arrow in it moves off horizontally at 1.0 x 101m/s after the impact. What is the mass of the arrow? (6 marks) Ans12) Application – A Q13. You have been selected to coach the Provincial Water Balloon toss defending champions. The games consist of catching a tossed balloon filled with water. Keeping in mind that these balloons are very easy to break, provide and explain one piece of advice you would give to your team. (3 marks) Ans13) Q14. A child’s toy consists of four equal massed pieces that fit together as one. The toy is sitting on the frictionless table. A timer inside will pop all four pieces off simultaneously (not in the air) with the same speed. What angle will be in between each piece? Explain why? (3 marks) Ans14)