EXAM I Review Sheet

EXAM II Review Sheet Chapters 3-5 Chapter 3: Know how elements achieved their names and symbols Know what Democritus' and Dalton's achievements were Know what Dalton's atomic theory states Know the experiments that Thompson, Rutherford, and Chadwick performed and what their results were Given a chemical symbol with a superscript and a subscript, know what A and Z stand for and how to calculate them if given other information Know what an isotope is and how they are represented with symbols Know the difference between compounds and molecules Know the difference between chemical and structural formulas Know what ions are (cations, anions, and polyatomic), electrostatic forces, and Coulomb's Law

Chapter 4: Know what the periodic table is, who founded it, how it is arranged, and how exceptions are handled Know periodic table terminology: what columns are called, what rows are called, and the special names given to the groups/periods that we went over Know where metals/nonmetals/semimetals appear on the table and what characteristics they possess Know the physical states of elements that we discussed Know chemical nomenclature: if given a compound's formula be able to name it, or if given a compound's name be able to give its formula; you should know all methods appearing on the handwritten nomenclature handout and the six elements that have more than one charge (and what those charges can be) You should know the charges of the groups (shown in figure 4-6 on page 101), the charges and names of the polyatomic ions (table 4-1 on page 104), and the Greek prefixes (table 4-2 on page 108)

Chapter 5: Know the facts about light, what wavelength and amplitude are, what white light is, the colors of the spectrum, and the difference between a continuous and atomic emission spectra are You should know the order of the spectrum of light (from gamma rays to radio/tv waves) and the relative energy and wavelength in increasing/decreasing order, but the only region you should specifically know is where the wavelengths of visible light start and end Know the two lab demos I showed and what the point of each was Know the 2 main points of the Bohr model of the H atom Know what ground and excited states are and what happens to the electron in each Know what the modern atomic theory is and what wave mechanics is Know how many s, p, d, & f orbitals there are and which ones appear in each of the principle quantum levels (n=1,2,3,4), but you don't need to know what each looks like Know how to write electron configurations out completely (and using the noble gas shell representation) or given the configuration, know how to find the element, and what the Aufbau principle states Know what a periodic property is and how this relates to the electron configurations of all elements in the same group Know the order in which orbitals/subshells are filled (figure 5-13 on page 131) Know which elements have exceptions to their electron configurations and why these exceptions exist Know how to write electron configurations up to Barium (Ba), or if given an electron configuration, be able to figure out which element it is Know how to draw an orbital diagram and the directions in which the arrows point Know how Hund's Rule and Pauli Exclusion Principle relate to orbital diagrams You do not need to know the general configurations of the groups as shown on pages136- 137, unless memorizing that helps you with writing out electron configurations Know the periodic trends (atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity) and be able to predict which of a series of elements/ions has the biggest/lowest trend Be able to write out the first, second, etc. ionization energy or electron configuration of an element or ion

Formula you should know: E=hc/lambda, Know all definitions