Natural Resources Conservation Service s15

595 - 1

NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE CONSERVATION PRACTICE STANDARD

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) (Ac.)

CODE 595

DEFINITION Additional Criteria to Prevent or Mitigate Pesticide Risks to Water Quality through A site-specific combination of pest prevention, pest avoidance, pest monitoring, and pest Leaching, Solution Runoff and Adsorbed suppression strategies Runoff For identified resource concerns associated with PURPOSE Water Quality - Harmful Levels of Pesticides in  Prevent or mitigate off-site pesticide risks to Surface and or Groundwater, use the current water quality through leaching, solution version of the USDA-NRCS Windows Pesticide runoff and adsorbed runoff Screening Tool (WIN-PST) to evaluate potential soil/pesticide interaction risks to humans and or  Prevent or mitigate off-site pesticide risks to fish, as appropriate, for each pesticide identified soil, water, air, plants, animals and humans for use by the cooperator. through drift and volatilization Determine the minimum mitigation index score  Prevent or mitigate on-site pesticide risks to needed for each resource concern based on the pollinators and other beneficial species site-specific WIN-PST interaction risk ratings, through direct contact and the following WIN-PST Interaction Risk  Prevent or mitigate cultural, physical and Rating table. biological pest suppression risks to soil, WIN-PST Interaction Minimum Mitigation water, air, plants, animals and humans Risk Rating Index Score Needed CONDITIONS WHERE PRACTICE APPLIES Low or Very Low None Needed On all lands where pests will be managed Intermediate 20 High 40 CRITERIA Extra High 60 or more General Criteria Applicable to All Purposes Employ IPM strategies including Prevention, Refer to National Agronomy Technical Note 4, Avoidance, Monitoring and Suppression (PAMS) Pest Management in the Conservation Planning to prevent or mitigate pest management risks for Process, Table II, to determine if planned identified natural resource concerns. conservation practices provide adequate mitigation. If they do not, refer to National Develop an IPM plan utilizing PAMS strategies Agronomy Technical Note 4, Table I, to plan and in accordance with this standard to document apply appropriate IPM techniques with this how to prevent or mitigate specific pest practice. management risks. The IPM plan must be crop and/or land use specific and adhere to applicable elements and guidelines accepted by Colorado State University. If a comprehensive IPM system is not feasible, utilize appropriate IPM techniques to adequately prevent or mitigate pest management risks for the identified natural resource concern(s).

Conservation practice standards are reviewed periodically and updated if needed. To obtain NRCS, CO the current version of this standard, contact your Natural Resources Conservation Service State Office or visit the Field Office Technical Guide. June 1, 2010 595 - 2

Additional Criteria to Prevent or Mitigate For noxious weed and invasive species Pesticide Risks to Soil, Water, Air, Plants, management, use the minimum level of pest Animals and Humans through Drift and suppression necessary to meet natural resource Volatilization objectives. Refer to the Colorado Noxious Weed list to determine if the Commissioner has For identified natural resource concerns designated a specific species for eradication. associated with Air Quality - Chemical Drift, use Agronomy Technical Note 4, Pest Management The IPM approach adopted by USDA and the in the Conservation Planning Process, Table II, Regional IPM Centers includes Prevention, to determine if planned conservation practices Avoidance, Monitoring and Suppression (PAMS) provide adequate mitigation. If they do not, refer techniques, which can include the following to National Agronomy Technical Note 4, Table I, activities. to plan and apply appropriate IPM techniques Prevention with this practice. The Minimum Mitigation Index Prevention should be the first line of Score required for drift is 20. defense. It includes activities such as For identified natural resource concerns cleaning equipment and gear when leaving associated with Air Quality – Excessive Ozone, a weed infested area to minimize weed seed apply at least one IPM mitigation technique from dispersal, using pest-free seeds and the Pesticide Volatilization section of National transplants, and irrigation scheduling to limit Agronomy Technical Note 4, Pest Management situations that are conducive to disease in the Conservation Planning Process. development. Additional Criteria to Prevent or Mitigate Avoidance Pesticide Risks to Pollinators and Other Avoidance is appropriate when pest Beneficial Species through Direct Contact populations exist in a field and the application of a cultural practice can For direct contact pesticide risks to pollinators decrease the impacts of the pest. Activities and other beneficial species, apply at least two can include practices such as crop rotation, IPM mitigation techniques from the Pesticide planting cultivars with genetic resistance, Direct Contact section of National Agronomy early or late planting, fertilization to promote Technical Note 4, Pest Management in the rapid crop development, refugia Conservation Planning Process. Refer to the management, or simply not planting parts of pesticide label specific Environmental Hazards fields where pest populations are likely to Statement for additional requirements cause crop failure. Additional Criteria to Prevent or Mitigate Monitoring Cultural, Physical and Biological Pest Monitoring is the basis for planning Suppression Risks to Soil, Water, Air, Plants suppression activities and includes proper and Animals identification and location of pests through surveys or scouting/trapping programs, For identified natural resource concerns weather monitoring, degree-day modeling associated with Air Quality – Particulate matter and soil testing where appropriate. Maintain less than 10 microns (PM 10), or Soil Erosion - records of pest incidence and distribution for Sheet and Rill, or Wind, refer to eFOTG, Section each field as a basis for crop rotation III, Table I, Resource Quality Criteria, for specific selections, economic thresholds and planning requirements. suppressive activities. CONSIDERATIONS Suppression Utilize IPM strategies to maintain pest Pest suppression may become necessary if populations below economically damaging levels prevention and avoidance activities are not and to minimize pest resistance. IPM strategies successful. Suppressive tactics can include also help prevent unnecessary pest Cultural practices such as narrow row management risks to natural resources and spacing, alternative tillage systems, cover humans. crops or mulches; Physical practices can include mechanical activities such as cultivation or mowing, or manual activities such as hoeing or hand pulling; Biological

NRCS, NHCP March 2009 595 - 3

practices such as mating disruption, release 1. Plan map and soil map of site/affected area, of predatory organisms or grazing; and if applicable (use conservation plan maps if Chemical suppression by the judicious use available) of pesticides. 2. Location of sensitive resources and Certified Pest Management professionals may setbacks, if applicable (use conservation supplement IPM guidelines from the local Land plan maps if available) Grant University or Extension. 3. An interpretation of the environmental risk When providing technical assistance to organic analysis Note: all pesticide label producers, the IPM approach for managing requirements and federal, state, and local pests should be consistent with the USDA- regulations must be followed for all pesticide Agricultural Marketing Service, National Organic applications Program, Crop Pest, Weed and Disease 4. Identification of appropriate mitigation Management Practice Standard § 205.206. techniques. See National Agronomy Adequate plant nutrients and soil moisture, Technical Note 4, Table I, for pesticide risk including favorable pH and soil quality, can mitigation management techniques. decrease plant stress, improve plant vigor and 5. A list of pest prevention and avoidance increase the plant's overall ability to tolerate strategies that will be implemented, if pests. applicable On irrigated land, plan irrigation water 6. A scouting plan and threshold levels for management to avoid conditions conducive to each pest, if applicable disease development and minimize offsite contaminant movement. 7. Other monitoring plans, if applicable, such as weather monitoring to indicate when Remind producers that they are responsible for pesticide application for prevention is following all pesticide label instructions and warranted complying with all applicable Federal, state and local regulations, including those that protect 8. A list of accepted pest thresholds or Threatened and Endangered Species. methods to determine thresholds that warrant treatment, if applicable Enhancement Considerations A more intensive level of IPM focused Note: Items 5, 6, 7 and 8 are required to primarily on prevention and avoidance document a comprehensive IPM system, but strategies can further minimize pest they may not be applicable when only a limited management risks to natural resources and number of mitigation techniques are sufficient to humans. address identified natural resource concerns. Precision pesticide application techniques in Record Keeping an IPM system can further minimize The producer shall maintain the following pesticide risks to natural resources and records, as applicable. humans. 1. Monitoring or scouting results including the PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS date, pest population/degree of infestation, and the crop or plant community condition Prepare plans and specifications for each field or treatment unit according to the Criteria and 2. When and where each pest suppression Operation and Maintenance sections of this technique was implemented standard. Specifications shall describe the 3. When and where special IPM techniques requirements for applying the practice to achieve were implemented to mitigate site-specific its intended purpose. risks (e.g. soil incorporation of a pesticide to Record practice specifications on a Colorado reduce its surface runoff to a nearby stream) Integrated Pest Management 595 Job Sheet. Note: Applicability will depend on the level of The IPM plan shall include the following IPM adoption and site-specific mitigation components, as a minimum. requirements.

NRCS, CO June 1, 2010 595 - 4

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE High Plains Integrated Pest Management Guide for Colorado, Western Nebraska, Wyoming, The IPM plan shall include the following Montana and Western South Dakota. Center for appropriate operation and maintenance items, Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Univ of as appropriate. Georgia. Athens, GA. 4. Review and update the plan periodically in http://wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM:Main_Page order to incorporate new IPM strategies, IPM Elements and Guidelines. National respond to cropping system and pest Information System for the Regional IPM complex changes, and avoid the Centers. North Carolina State Univ. Raleigh, development of pest resistance. NC. 5. Maintain mitigation techniques identified in http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmelements/index.cf the plan in order to ensure continued m effectiveness. National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. 6. Calibrate application equipment according to Purdue Univ. West Lafayette, IN. Extension and/or manufacturer http://state.ceris.purdue.edu/ recommendations before each season of National Sustainable Agriculture Information use and with each major chemical change. Service. National Center for Appropriate 7. Maintain records of pest management for at Technology. Butte, MT. http://attra.ncat.org/ least two years. Pesticide application National Organic Program. USDA. Agricultural records shall be in accordance with USDA Marketing Service. Washington DC. Agricultural Marketing Service’s Pesticide http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTe Recording Keeping Program and site mplateData.do? specific requirements. template=TemplateA&navID=NationalOrganicPr REFERENCES ogram&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgram&page =NOPNationalOrganicProgramHome&acct=AM Colorado Noxious Weed List. Colo Dept of Ag. SPW Div of Plant Industry. Lakewood, CO. http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite? Pest Management Policy, GM-190-404. 2009. c=Page&cid=1174084048733&pagename=Agric USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC. ulture-Main%2FCDAGLayout http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/RollupViewer. aspx?hid=17015 Colorado Environmental and Pesticide Education Program. Colo State Univ. Ft Collins, Using Farming Bill Programs for Pollinator CO. http://www.cepep.colostate.edu/index.htm Conservation. 2008. National Plant Data Center. USDA, NRCS, Greensboro, NC. Pesticide Labels and MSDS. Crop Data http://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/Using_Farm_Bi Management Systems Inc. Marysville, CA. ll_Programs_for_Pollinator_Conservation.pdf http://www.cdms.net/Home.aspx Western Integrated Pest management Center. Dept of Environmental Toxicology. Univ of Calif. Davis, CA. http://www.wrpmc.ucdavis.edu/

NRCS, NHCP March 2009