ADVANCED TOPICS in FOOD STUDIES: FOOD SOCIOLOGY: the FARM BILL, Fall 2011

New York University: Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health ADVANCED TOPICS IN FOOD STUDIES: FOOD SOCIOLOGY: THE FARM BILL, Fall 2011 FOOD-GE.2244.1.001 (Revised 9-12-11)

Mondays 4:55-6:35 p.m., 3 credits, @Silver 520

Marion Nestle, Instructor, [email protected], blog www.foodpolitics.com, @marionnestle Office hours: Mondays 2:00-4:00 p.m. or by appointment 35 West 4th Street, 12th Floor

Michael Bulger, Teaching Assistant, [email protected], @MichaelBulger Office hours: Thursdays 2:00-4:00 p.m., Think Coffee, NYU Bookstore, 726 Broadway

Eleanor Talbot West, Course Assistant, [email protected], @Eleanor_West

This is a new course offered to coincide with congressional debate about the 2012 farm bill, a massive piece of legislation that governs USDA programs spanning agriculture, nutrition, and public health. Farm bill provisions deal with agricultural supports, food assistance programs, international food trade, biofuels, organic food production, livestock production, commodity speculation, and conservation of natural resources (including water)--all of which directly affect or have implications for social welfare and public health. As an outgrowth of the burgeoning food movement, advocacy organizations are mobilizing to improve the farm bill in ways that better align agricultural policy with health and environmental policy.

Students will review the history, sociology, and politics of farm bill legislation in the United States, read about the 2008 version, follow current discussions of farm bill issues, and develop strategies for revising specific sections to make them more compatible with goals for improving the health of the public, especially low-income groups, farmers (small and large), farm workers, farm animals, farmland, rural America, and the environment. The course focuses on advocacy: methods for getting involved and taking action, organizations and stakeholder groups, lobbyists and lobbying, and the nuts and bolts of how senators, congressional representatives, the relevant congressional committees, and the White House deal with food and nutrition legislation and funding.

Course objectives:  Identify the goals of an ideal food system and the role of various stakeholders— government, industry, the public—in achieving that system.  Describe the historical, social, and political context of agricultural policy in the U.S.  Describe the issues addressed by the various titles of the farm bill that affect nutrition, food, and health policy.  Identify the primary stakeholders in farm bill policy areas, and the strategies by which they attempt to achieve their goals. 2

 Explain the processes by which Congress revises farm bill policies.  Identify advocacy groups working to align aspects of farm policy with health policy.

FARM BILL CLASS SCHEDULE, FALL 2011

DATE FARM BILL TOPIC ASSIGNMENTS Readings should be completed and ready to discuss by the indicated class date. All readings without URLs are on Blackboard. Most are also available online, searchable by title.

Sept 12 Introduction 1. The 2008 farm bill : read through the Table of Contents, pp. 1-14, on Blackboard or at http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi? dbname=110_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ246.p df 2. Pick any section of the bill that interests you. Search for and find that section. Read two or three pages of the bill beginning with that section. 3. View: Cook K. Video of TED talk on farm bill, April 3, 2011, at http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Z6T37m4r3yo (~14 minutes)

Sept 19 Context: Society 1. National Research Council. Pivotal time in agriculture. In: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century, 2010: 43-75. 2. Dimitri C, et al. The 20th Century transformation of U.S. agriculture and farm policy. USDA/ERS, June 2005. 3. Vilsack T. Briefing on the status of rural America (slide show), undated. 4. Mercier S. External factors that will drive the next farm bill debate. Choices 2011:26(2). 5. Coleman-Jenson A, et al. Household food security in the United States, 2010. USDA, September 2011. Read Summary and first chapter, pp. 1-18. 6. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. Food without Thought: How U.S. Farm Policy Contributes to Obesity, 2006 7. Masey R, Ulmer A. Agriculture and greenhouse gas emissions. University of Missouri Extension, 3

2010.

Sept 26 Context: Agriculture 1. National Research Council. Public policy as a contextual factor. In: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century, 2010: 291- 307, 323-326, 333-336. 2. Shields DA, et al. Farm Safety Net Programs: Issues for the Next Farm Bill. CRS 2010. 3. Johnson R, Monke J. What is the “farm bill”? CRS, 2010. Note: percent shares in table 1 are in error. Nutrition should be 67%, Commodities 15%, Conservation 9%, Crop Insurance 8%. 4. Hayes MA. Getting what we pay for (and other unintended consequences): An overview of federal agricultural policy. Maine Policy Review Winter/Spring 2011. 5. Goodwin BK, et all. American boondoggle: fixing the 2012 farm bill. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 6. Monke J, Johnson R. Actual farm bill spending and cost estimates. CRS, 2010. 7. Monke J. Previewing the next farm bill: unfunded and early-expiring provisions. CRS, 2010. 8. USDA/ERS 2008 farm bill summary of provisions and links to specific sections. Browse so you know how and where to find sections of interest. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmPolicy/Progra mProvisions.htm

Oct 3 Context: Politics 1. Syllabus pp. 13-14 on how bills get passed. 2. Monke J. Agriculture and related agencies: FY2010 appropriations. CRS 2010. Read to page 23; focus on process, not numbers. 3. Dunlea M, Yowell E. Farm bill 1.05. Food Systems Network, July 2011. 4. Kopperud S. Are we now racing for a 2011 farm bill? Brownfield Ag News, August 5, 2011, at http://brownfieldagnews.com/2011/08/05/are-we- now-racing-for-a-2011-farm-bill/ 5. Cogan M, Raju M. The GOP’s supercommittee picks. Politico, August 10, 2011, at http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/61028.ht ml 6. Super disclose them (editorial). New York Times, August 22, 2011, at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/opinion/super- 4

disclose-them.html?_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss 7. Outlaw JL, et al. Farm bill stakeholders: competitors or collaborators? Choices 2011;26(2). 8. Yowell E, Estrow FG. Farm bill 1.02. Food Systems Network, NYC, 2011. 9. Porter R. Ag industry develops tools to tell its story, March 20, 2011, at http://www.myplainview.com/news/article_0d00b36e- 5242-11e0-b872-001cc4c03286.html?photo=1. 10. Morgan D. The farm bill and beyond. German Marshall Fund, 2009. Begin choosing issues and groups DUE: Short paper #1 Oct 10 Columbus Day Holiday Oct 17 Title 1: Commodities 1. Goodwin BK. We’re not in Kansas anymore: Is there any case for ag subsidies? American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 2. Babcock BA. Something for nothing? Direct payments and Title I farm programs. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 3. Environmental Working Group database and research on where and to whom subsidies go: http://farm.ewg.org/ 4. Food and Agriculture Policy Institute (FAPRI), U. Missouri. Potential impacts of eliminating direct payments. June 2011. 5. Ellis S. Farm payments: what happens if they disappear? FarmGateBlog.com, July 5, 2011, at http://www.farmgateblog.com/article/direct- payments-what-happens-if-they-disappear... 6. Caldwell J. Bad Seeds: A Plan to Phase out the $5 Billion in “Direct Payment” Agricultural Subsidies. Center for American Progress, 2011. 7. Goodwin BK, et al. The buck stops where? The distribution of agricultural subsidies. National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. Read the text and conclusion but OK to skip the economic model.

DUE: Short paper #2

Oct 24 Title 12: Crop 1. Chite RM, Schnepf R. Crop insurance and disaster Insurance & Disaster assistance in the 2008 farm bill. CRS, January 28, Aid 2009. Title 5: Credit 2. Shields DA. Federal crop insurance: background 5

and issues. CRS, December 13, 2010. 3. Smith VH. Premium payments: why crop insurance costs too much. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 4. Watts M, Bekkerman A. Agricultural disaster aid programs: A SURE invitation to wasteful spending. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 5. Monke J. Agricultural credit: institutions and issues. CRS, November 26, 2010.

Oct 31 Title 1: Peanuts, 1. Dohlman E, et al. The post-buyout experience: Dairy, Sugar peanut and tobacco sectors adapt to policy reform. Title 9: Energy USDA/ERS, November 2009. Read to p. 24, then 34-35, 44-45. 2. Shields DA. Previewing dairy policy options for the next farm bill. CRS, December 17, 2010. 3. Balagtas JV. Milking consumers and taxpayers. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 4. International Dairy Foods Association. IDFA dairy policy recommendations: providing a path to growth and opportunity, April 22, 2011, at http://www.idfa.org/files/documents/147_IDFA_Dairy _Policy_Recommendations_0422.pdf 5. Jurenas R. Sugar market developments and policy issues. CRS May 11, 2010. 6. Wohlgenant MK. Sweets for the sweet: the costly benefits of the US sugar program. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 7. Knittel CR. Corn Belt Moonshine: The Costs and Benefits of US Ethanol Subsidies. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 8. Cooper J. Agricultural Commodity Support and Biofuels Policy. Resources for the Future, July 18, 2011. Due: group project proposals (title, members) Nov 7 Title 4: Nutrition 1. Schumacher G, et al. Healthy food access and affordability. Maine Policy Review 2011;Winter/Spring:124-139. 2. Center for Mississippi Health Policy. From Field to Fitness: Aligning Farm Policy with Health Policy to Improve Nutrition & Health. September 2010. 3. Paggi MS. Food and nutrition programs in the next farm bill. Choices 2011;26(2). 4. Richardson J, et al. Reducing SNAP (food stamp) benefits provided by the ARRA: PL 111-226 & S. 3307. CRS, Aug 20, 2010. 6

5. Crupain M, Yowell E. Farm bill 1.06. Food Systems Network, NYC, August 2011. 6. Hobart T, et al. Farm bill 1.04. Food Systems Network, NYC, June 2011.

Nov 14 Title 10: Horticulture 1. Pegg R, Bech R. Statement before the & Organic Subcommittee on Nutrition and Horticulture, House Title 6 Rural Ag Committee, July 7, 2011. Development 2. Johnson R. Organic agriculture in the United Title 2. Conservation States: program and policy issues. CRS, Nov 25, 2008. 3. Farmers’ Legal Action Group. Planting the Seeds for Public Health: How the Farm Bill Can Help Farmers to Produce and Distribute Healthy Foods. Feb 2010. 4. USDA Rural Development at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/Home.html. Browse site and Rural Development 2010 Progress Report at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/supportdocuments/Prog Report2010.pdf 5. O’Hara JK. Market Forces. Union of Concerned Scientists, August 2011. 6. Stubbs M. Agricultural conservation issues in the 111th Congress. CRS, September 21, 2010. 7. Vukina T. Conserving Our Future: How to reform Title II of the Farm Bill. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 8. USDA/ERS Briefing Room: Conservation policy at http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/ConservationPolicy /index.htm

DUE: Short paper #3

Nov 21 Title 3: Trade & Aid 1. Ho MD, Hanrahan CE. International food aid Title 13: Commodity programs: background and issues. CRS, Feb 3, futures 2010. 2. Josling T. Stuck in the Mud: How farm policy undermines free trade. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 3. Summer DA. Picking on the poor: how US agricultural policy hurts the developing world. American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 4. Johnson R, et al. Comparing US and EU program support for farm commodities and conservation. CRS, 2010. 7

5. World Bank. Rising Global Interest in Farmland: Can it Yield Sustainable and Equitable Benefits? 2010. Read the Preface and Overview. 6. Trostle R, et al. Why have food commodity prices risen again? USDA, June 2011. 7. FAO. Price surges in food markets: how should organized futures markets be regulated? June 2010. 8. FAPRI Briefing Book: Projections for agricultural and biofuel markets, March 2011.

Nov 28 Title 8: Forestry 1. Gorte RW. Forestry in the next farm bill. CRS, April Title 11: Livestock 29, 2010. (safety) 2. Becker GS. Animal agriculture: selected issues for Congress. CRS, March 15, 2007. 3. Food and Water Watch interactive map of factory farms http://www.factoryfarmmap.org/ 4. Noble M. Paying the polluters. CAFO Reader, 2010. 5. Johnson R. Food safety issues for the 112th Congress. CRS, Feb 10, 2011.

Dec 5 Title 7: Research 1. Ho M. Agricultural Research, Education, and Title 14: Extension: Issues and Background. CRS, January Miscellaneous (social 3, 2011. justice, security) 2. Pardey PG, Alston JM. For Want of A Nail: The Title 15: Trade and Case for Increased Agricultural R&D Spending. Tax American Enterprise Institute, 2011. 3. USDA social justice issues: http://afsic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php? info_center=2&tax_level=3&tax_subject=301&topic_ id=1446&level3_id=5427 4. USDA minority assistance: http://www.apfo.usda.gov/FSA/webapp? area=about&subject=landing&topic=sao-oa-cr-ma 5. National Association of State Departments of Agriculture: food and agriculture security http://www.nasda.org/cms/7196/7349.aspx

Dec 12 Group reports

Dec 19 5:00 p.m. DUE: ADVOCACY PORTFOLIO 8 9

ASSIGNMENTS

SHORT PAPERS These are designed to get you to explore one small aspect of the farm bill in greater depth on your own. The papers are to be no longer than two pages, double-spaced, reasonably sized font. Tables, figures, references, and any other supporting materials can be attached as additional pages. Note: Grading will be by code, not name (the process for acquiring a code will be explained in class).

#1: The Budget DUE October 3 Cutting the federal budget has become an overriding consideration in American politics and it seems likely that the overall budget will be reduced. Funding for several programs expires in 2012, meaning that they will end if funds are not reauthorized. Here is your chance to say how you would deploy the farm bill budget. Use the table as a starting point. Note that the New York Times did something like this for the entire federal budget earlier this year. See http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/13/weekinreview/deficits-graphic.html? scp=3&sq=federal%20budget&st=cse).

Cost of the 2008 farm bill from 2008-2012* TITL POLICY ISSUE 5-YEAR COST % YOUR RATIONAL E PROPOSAL E

1 Commodities 15 41,628,000,000 2 Conservation 9 24,112,000,000 3 Trade, Food Aid 1,853,000 <1 4 Nutrition 188,902,000,00 67 0 5 Credit 0 -- 6 Rural Development 194,000,000 <1 7 Research 321,000,000 <1 8 Forestry 38,000,000 << 1 9 Energy 643,000,000 <1 10 Horticulture, Organic 402,000,000 <1 11 Livestock 1,000,000 << 1 10

12 Crop Insurance 8 21,858,000,000 13 Commodity 0 -- Futures 14 Miscellaneous 2 6,382,000,000 15 Disaster 1 Assistance 3,807,000,000 TOTAL 283,921,000,00 0 *Source: from http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/R41195.pdf

Although you must assume that no additional funds are available and some cuts may be necessary, propose what you would consider an ideal allocation of funds. Explain the effects you would expect from your proposed changes and why you think they are desirable. Comment on the feasibility of your proposal and political barriers, if any.

#2: The History DUE: October 17 Some programs included in the 2008 farm bill have been evolving since the 1930s. Others have been introduced more recently. Pick a farm bill program that concerns you and trace its evolution.  When and why was the program introduced?  How and why has it evolved? The purpose of this assignment is to get you to examine the history of the farm bill and to think about the rationale for changes in it over time.

The bills and other relevant documents are available at http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/farmbills/. Also see Resources at the end of the syllabus. Cite whatever references you consulted. Summarize in a timeline if one is appropriate.

#3: The Politics DUE: November 14 Each member of the Senate and House agriculture committees represents a unique constituency and brings a personal viewpoint to farm bill debates. Special interests that are close to one politician might be less important to another. Committee members might represent constituencies that are largely urban or rural. For this assignment, pick one agriculture committee member (either House or Senate), and explain the particular perspective he or she brings to farm bill issues. Who are likely to be the most influential stakeholders in the member’s district? What position is the member likely to take on key farm bill issues—subsidies, conservation, and nutrition, for example—and why? To get started, see “How to Advocate.” Cite the resources you consulted as an attachment. 11

FINAL PROJECT: GROUP ADVOCACY PORTFOLIO You and other members of your advocacy group will pick a farm bill issue that you would like to see changed and develop a portfolio of documents aimed at convincing members of the House or Senate agriculture committee and their staff to adopt the position you advocate. You may advocate for any change or position, including defending, strengthening, or eliminating a program or provision. The American Enterprise Institute issue summaries are examples of how stakeholder groups can make compelling arguments for their positions. Formation of groups will be arranged in class.

As a minimum, your group should produce:  A SUMMARY of the issue and the position. This should be titled and should identify all members of the group. One page.  A BACKGROUND PAPER that explains the issue, the proposed change, the rationale for the change, the expected effects of the change, including cost considerations. It should identify groups that support the change and explain why they do. It should also identify groups likely to oppose the change, summarize their reasons for opposition, and provide counter-arguments. This discussion should be designed to be read easily by a busy congressional staff person. It should be supported by references, tables, figures, photographs, relevant documents, or reports of interviews that help to strengthen the argument. Up to 10 pages of text, double spaced, plus supporting documents.  A LETTER TO CONGRESS urging members of key House and Senate committees to vote for your position. Address the letter to one member. Choice of committee and member should depend on what is happening at the time the letter is prepared.  An OP-ED prepared for the New York Times or other national newspaper aimed at convincing readers to write their congressional representatives to support your position (follow word-limit instructions given by the newspaper for preparing op-ed pieces. The Times’ limits op-eds to 750 words, for example. See: http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/opedsubmit.html  A LETTER TO THE EDITOR of a national newspaper to inform readers of the importance of your proposal and to encourage action. Length and format must meet word limitations and editorial requirements of that publication, but these are usually very short (for the New York Times, see http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/lettertoeditor.html).  A LETTER TO AN ADVOCACY GROUP working on your issue either to enlist support for your proposed change or to offer assistance.  A BLOG POST for the Huffington Post, Atlantic Life, or some other site read widely by the intended audience. Check the site for guidelines on length and format.  A TWEET designed to elicit action on your issue. This must be no longer than 120 characters, including spaces and a TinyURL link, to leave room for retweeting.  An ANNOTATED REFERENCE LIST of key print and web sources related to your issue. Your list can include the most useful background references and those related to positions on your issue from various stakeholders (2 to 4, each). For websites, your short annotation (a sentence or two) should say who runs the site, what position it represents, and, if relevant, who funds it. 12

You may also add ANYTHING ELSE your group thinks might help advocate for your position.

It should be evident from this list that there is substantial overlap among the pieces. Most of the group effort—by far--should go into creating a strong, compelling background paper that serves as the basis for the other pieces and can be attached to them as a supporting document.

By the due date, these items should be completely ready to send off to their intended recipients. Groups should feel free to do that at any time.

Grading: Each member of the group will receive the same grade on the portfolio. In addition, group members will evaluate each other’s contribution (these will be turned in separately on a form given out in class).

DUE: December 19, 5:00 p.m. 13

EXPECTATIONS AND GRADING

Current events Because the farm bill is up for consideration by Congress this term, the press is likely to be covering the debates on an ongoing basis. As part of the work in the class, you should keep your eye on accounts in daily newspapers (in print or online) and electronic media, and pay special attention to stakeholder positions and lobbying and advocacy strategies on the various issues. Current events will be an important part of class discussion.

Evaluation Attendance and participation Expected Short paper #1 15% Short paper #2 15% Short paper #3 15% Policy advocacy portfolio 55%

Grading will be based on adherence to requirements, depth of thought and research, cogency and quality of argument, quality of the writing, and other such matters.

Written work: All work must be typed, double-spaced, on one side of paper leaving one-inch margins, clearly marked with your name (or code), titled with the issue you are discussing, and presented in a readable font (if you are using anything smaller than 12- point, you must clear it with the instructor). Do not exceed space or word limits. Work must be written clearly. Use grammar and spell checks. Do not use right justification.

Other expectations Inform teaching assistant in advance by e-mail if you are not going to be in class. Class begins on time: arrive on time. Please do not sit in the last two rows of seat (too far away). Inform instructor in advance if you need to leave early. Turn cell phones off and put them away during class. Complete assigned work on time; there will be penalties for late work. Plan ahead: no incomplete grades are given (except in dire, documented emergencies). Your voice matters: participate! 14

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Agriculture policy Timeline Ag policy http://www.agclassroom.org/gan/timeline/gov.htm

USDA/ERS: Farm and commodity policy glossary http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/farmpolicy/glossary.htm

USDA/ERS Briefing Room: Farm and commodity policy at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmPolicy/

USDA/ERS: Farm and commodity policy: Government payments and the farm sector at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmPolicy/Gov-Pay.htm

Additional USDAlinks: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmPolicy/links.htm

AGree news feed: http://www.foodandagpolicy.org/

FarmPolicy.com http://farmpolicy.com/

Agri-Pulse: http://www.agri-pulse.com/

National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition blog http://sustainableagriculture.net/blog

Farm bill basics USDA/ERS 2008 farm bill summary http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/FarmPolicy/ProgramProvisions.htm

Previous farm bill s and additional resources, 1933 – 2008. http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/farmbills/

Congressional Research Service (CRS) report: The 2008 farm bill: major provisions and legislative action, November 6, 2008, at http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL34696.pdf. This summarizes provisions, and compares the House and Senate versions of the bill to previous legislation in a lengthy (121-page) table.

Congressional Research Service reports on farm bill issues, at the National Law Center at http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/crs/index.phtml#farmpolicy

USDA nutrition programs USDA food assistance http://www.ers.usda.gov/Browse/view.aspx? subject=FoodNutritionAssistance 15

Timeline SNAP history http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/rules/Legislation/timeline.pdf 16

FARM BILL POLITICS: INTERVENTION POINTS

HOW BILLS GET PASSED  The legislative process: http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/uscongress/a/legprocess.htm  How laws are made: http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.toc.html  How to track the status of a bill making its way through Congress: http://thomas.loc.gov/home/thomas.php

Legislative committees responsible for the farm bill  The House and Senate Committees write the farm bill .  The Budget Committees set funding levels.  The Appropriations Committees write legislation allocating federal funds to USDA within levels set by the Budget Committees.

House committees House Committee on Agriculture: http://agriculture.house.gov/ House Appropriations Committee: http://appropriations.house.gov/ House Budget Committee: http://budget.house.gov/  FY 2012 House Agriculture Appropriations Summary: http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/6.13.11_FY_12_Agriculture_Conference_Su mmary.pdf  H.R. 2112 — Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h112-2112 17

 USDA’s response: http://content.govdelivery.com/bulletins/gd/USDAOC-8d534

Senate committees Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: http://ag.senate.gov/site/ Senate Committee on Appropriations: http://appropriations.senate.gov/sc-agriculture.cfm Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies: http://appropriations.senate.gov/sc-agriculture.cfm Senate Budget Committee: http://budget.senate.gov/

HOW TO ADVOCATE Contact the White House: http://www.whitehouse.gov/contact

Contact members of Congress http://www.congress.org/congressorg/directory/congdir.tt  Communicate with members: http://www.congress.org/communicate  Meet with members: http://www.congress.org/visiting  Meet with staff: http://www.congress.org/congressional_staff

Contact state officials: http://www.congress.org/legislative_protocol; New York state officials: http://www.congress.org/congressorg/directory/statedir.tt? lvl=state&state=NY

Write to local media: http://www.congress.org/congressorg/dbq/media/ 18

ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS WORKING ON FARM BILL ISSUES: EXAMPLES ORGANIZATION GOALS URL

National Promotes healthier and more http://sustainableagriculture.n Sustainable sustainable systems for small- and et/our-work/fbcampaign/ Agriculture medium-size farms, farming Coalition opportunities, fair competition. Published Grassroots Guide to the 2008 farm bill , October 2008 http://sustainableagriculture.net/wp- content/uploads/2008/11/sac-farm- bill-guide.pdf Farm bill Implementation Campaign http://sustainableagriculture.net/our- work/fbcampaign/farm-bill- implementation/

Food and Water Bring agricultural policy in line with http://action.foodandwaterwat Watch health and environmental policy ch.org/p/dia/action/public/? action_KEY=2535

Institute for Public policies for food and farming http://www.iatp.org/healthyfoo Agriculture and dbill/ Trade Policy Organic Trade Supports organic food production, http://www.ota.com/about/acc Association (OTA) large and small omplishments.html Environmental Exposes inequities in food subsidies; http://www.ewg.org/farmtofoo Working Group provides data on who gets what d/ http://farm.ewg.org/ PolicyLink Working to get Healthy Food Financing http://www.policylink.org/ Initiative into the next farm bill

National Family Advocates for policies promoting http://www.nffc.net/ Farm Coalition sustainable family farms Food Research Protect and expand food assistance http://frac.org/leg-act- and Action Center programs center/farm-bill-2012/ (FRAC) Community Food More than 300 organizations working http://www.foodsecurity.org/ Security Coalition to build sustainable, self-reliant, local and regional food systems, and promote a healthier farm bill.