Specifications Unit Pavers

Navascape Products | MasterFormat Specifications Section 32 14 13.16 – Concrete Paving Slabs on Concrete or Aggregate Base

Note: This guide specification is for paving slabs on a sand bed over a concrete base or sand bed over aggregate base for pedestrian applications. The base type utilized is specified by the design professional depending on application. In some applications, larger slabs (greater than 300 mm x 300 mm (12”x 12”)) may require use of cement mixed into the bedding sand (sometimes called “dry pack”). For high pedestrian traffic commercial applications, ICPI recommends paver slabs be bitumen set (see ICPI for information). Slabs installed with these methods are not recommended for use in areas subjected to vehicular traffic. The below text must be edited to suit specific project requirements. This Section includes the term “Architect”. Edit this term as necessary to identify the design professional in the General Conditions of the Contract.

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. The work covered by this section includes the furnishing of all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals for the inspection and construction of paving slabs including all details shown on the Construction Drawings and as described by the Contract Specifications. The work in this section consists of, but is not limited, to the following:

a. Furnishing and placement of bedding sand. b. Furnishing and placement of paving modules. c. Furnishing and placement of edge restraint. d. Furnishing and placement of joint sand. e. [Cleaner, Sealers, Joint Sand Stabilizers, if required]

B. Related Sections

a. Section [ ] – Curbs and Gutters b. Section [ ] – Concrete Base c. Section [ ] – Aggregate Base d. Section [ ] – Pavements, Asphalt and Concrete e. Section [ ] – Geotextiles

1.2 REFERENCES

Note: Pavements should be designed in consultation with a qualified civil engineer, in accordance with established pavement design procedures and in accordance with the ICPI Tech Spec technical bulletins. Use the current year reference.

A. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM):

a. ASTM C 33 - Specification for Concrete Aggregates b. ASTM C 136 - Method for Sieve Analysis for Fine and Coarse Aggregate c. ASTM C 140 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units d. ASTM C 144 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar e. ASTM C 979 - Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete f. ASTM D 698 - Test Methods for Moisture Density Relations of Soil and Soil Aggregate Mixtures Using a 5.5-lb (2.49 kg) Rammer and 12 in. (305 mm) drop g. ASTM D 1557 - Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)) h. ASTM D 2940 - Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Sub-bases for Highways or Airports

B. Canadian Standards Association (CSA):

a. CSA A231.1 - Precast Concrete Paving Slabs b. CSA A23.2A - Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Concrete Paving Slabs on Concrete or Aggregate Base Page 1 Navascape Products | MasterFormat Specifications

c. CSA A23.1 FA1 - Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete Construction d. CSA A179 - Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry

C. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI)

a. Tech Spec Technical Bulletins

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. In accordance with Conditions of the Contract and Division 1 Submittal Procedures Section

B. Manufacturer’s drawings and details: Indicate perimeter conditions, relationship to adjoining materials and assemblies, [expansion and control joints], [concrete paving slab layout], [patterns, color arrangement], [installation and setting] details.

C. Sieve analysis for grading of bedding sand per CSA A23.2.2A.

D. Concrete paving slabs:

a. [Two] representative full size samples of each slab type, thickness, color, finish that indicate range of color variation and texture expected in the finished installation. Color(s) selected by [Architect] [Engineer] [Landscape Architect] [Owner] from manufacturer’s available colors. b. Accepted samples become the standard of acceptance for the work. c. Test results from an independent testing laboratory for compliance of paving module requirements to CSA A231.1 or other applicable requirements. d. Manufacturer’s catalog product data, installation procedures, and material safety data sheets for the safe handling of the specified materials and products.

E. Paving Slab Installation Subcontractor:

a. A copy of Subcontractor’s current certificate from Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Concrete Paving slab Installer Certification Program. b. Job references from projects of similar size and complexity.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Paving Subcontractor Qualifications:

a. Installation shall be by a contractor and crew, having successfully completed concrete paving slab installation on projects of similar nature, complexity, or dollar cost. b. Utilize installer holding a current certificate from the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute Concrete Paving slab Installer Certification program.

B. Regulatory Requirements and Approvals: [specify applicable licensing, bonding, etc.]

C. Mock-Ups:

a. Install a 1.5 m x 1.5 m (5 ft x 5 ft) area b. This area will be used to determine surcharge of the bedding sand layer, joint sizes, lines, laying pattern(s), color(s), and texture of the job. c. This area shall be the standard from which the work will be judged. d. Subject to acceptance by the owner, mock-up maybe incorporated into the finished work.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. General: Comply with Division 1 Product Requirements Section

B. Comply with all manufacturer’s ordering instructions and lead-time requirements t avoid construction delays.

C. Delivery: Deliver materials in manufacturer’s original, unopened, undamaged containers packaging with identification labels intact.

a. Coordinate delivery and paving schedule to minimize interference with normal use of buildings adjacent to paving. b. Deliver concrete slabs to the site in steel banded, plastic banded, or plastic wrapped cubes capable of transfer by forklift or clamp lift. c. Unload paving modules at job site in such a manner that no damage occurs to the product.

D. Storage and Protection: Store materials protected such that they are kept free from mud, dirt and other foreign materials [store concrete paving slab cleaners and sealers according to manufacturer’s instructions]

a. Cover bedding sand and joint sand material with waterproof covering to prevent exposure to rainfall or removal by wind. Secure the covering in place.

E. Coordinate delivery and paving schedule to minimize interference with normal use of buildings adjacent to paving.

1.6 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS

A. Environmental Requirements:

a. Do not install sand or paving modules during heavy rain or snowfall. b. Do not install sand and paving modules over frozen or saturated base or sub-base materials. c. Do not install frozen or saturated base material or sand. d. Do not install paving modules on improperly prepared, frozen, or saturated base material.

1.7 MAINTENANCE

A. Extra Materials: Provide [specify quantities, area, percentage] of additional material for use by owner for maintenance and repair.

B. Slabs shall be from the same production run as installed materials.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 PRECAST CONCRETE UNIT PAVING SLABS

A. Manufacturer:

a. Navascape Products: RR#2, 1081 Rife Road, Cambridge ON N1R 5S3, Ph: 800 265 6496 b. Navascape Products: 7447 Bren Road, Mississauga, ON L4T 1H3, Ph: 800 562 8490

B. Precast Concrete Paving Slabs

SmartCast® Diamond 600 x 600 [600 mm x 600 x 40 mm] [23.62 x 23.62 x 1.57”] SmartCast® Diamond 600 x 750 [600 mm x 750 x 40 mm] [23.62 x 29.53 x 1.57”] SmartCast® Brick 400 x 400 [400 mm x 400 x 40 mm] [15.75 x 15.75 x 1.57”] SmartCast® Brick 600 x 600 [600 mm x 600 x 40 mm] [23.62 x 23.62 x 1.57”]

C. Material Standards:

a. Comply with material standards: 1.i. Meet the following physical requirements set forth in CSA-A231.1, Precast Concrete Paving Slabs: 1.i.a. Minimum average flexural strength of three paving modules to be 4.5 MPa with no individual strength below 4.0 MPa tested in accordance with CSA-A231.1. 1.i.b. Average loss of three paving slabs not greater than 300 g/m2 (8.85 oz/yd2) after 28 freeze-thaw cycles or 800 g/m2 (23.6 oz/yd2) after 49 freeze-thaw cycles immersed in a 3% saline solution for paving modules.

2.2 PRODUCT SUBSTITUTIONS

A. Substitutions: No substitutions permitted.

2.3 BEDDING AND JOINT SAND

A. Provide bedding and joint sand as follows:

a. Clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, symmetrically shaped, natural or manufactured from crushed rock. b. Do not use limestone screenings or stone dust that do not conform to the grading requirements of [CSA A23.1-FA1] [ASTM C33]. c. Do not use mason sand or sand conforming to [CSA A179] [ASTM C144] for the bedding sand. d. Sieve according to [CSA A23.2A] [ASTM C136] and conforming to the grading requirements of [CSA-A23.1-FA1] [ASTM C33] with modifications in Table 1 below:

Table 1 Grading Requirements for Bedding Sand ASTM C 33 CSA A23.1-FA1 Sieve Size Percent Passing Sieve Size Percent Passing 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 100 10 mm 100 No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95 to 100 5 mm 95 to 100 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 85 to 100 2.5 mm 80 to 100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50 to 85 1.25 mm 50 to 90 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25 to 60 0.630 mm 25 to 65 No. 50 (0.300 mm) 10 to 30 0.315 mm 10 to 35 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 to 10 0.160 mm 2 to 10 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 to 1 0.075 mm 0 to 1

Note: Coarser sand than that specified in Table 2 below may be used for joint sand including C 33 or A23.1 material as shown in Table 1. Use material where the largest sieve size easily enters the smallest joints. For example, if the smallest slab joints are 2 mm wide, use sand 2 mm and smaller in particle size. If bedding sand is used for joint sand, extra effort may be required in sweeping material to completely fill the joints.

B. Joint Sand Material Requirements: Conform to the grading requirements of [CSA A179] [ASTM C144] as shown with modifications in Table 2 below:

Table 2 Grading Requirements for Joint Sand ASTM C 144 ASTM C 144 CSA A179 Natural Sand Manufactured Sand Sieve Size Percent Passing Percent Passing Sieve Size Percent Passing No. 4 (4.75 mm) 100 100 5 mm 100 No. 8 (2.36 mm) 95 to 100 95 to 100 2.5 mm 90 to 100 No. 16 (1.18 mm) 70 to 100 70 to 100 1.25 mm 85 to 100 No. 30 (0.600 mm) 40 to 75 40 to 100 0.630 mm 65 to 95 No. 50 (0.300 mm) 10 to 35 20 to 40 0.315 mm 15 to 80 No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 to 15 10 to 25 0.160 mm 0 to 35 No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 to 1 0 to 10 0.075 mm 0 to 1

2.4 BASE

A. Granular base requirements shall be in accordance with Section [ ] – Aggregate Base.

B. Concrete base requirements shall be in accordance with Section [ ] – Concrete Base.

Note: Local aggregate base materials typical to those used for highway flexible pavements are recommended, or those conforming to ASTM D 2940. Compaction is recommended to not less than 95% Standard Proctor density in accordance with ASTM D 698 for residential pedestrian areas. Compaction is recommended to not less than 98% Standard Proctor density according to ASTM D 698 for commercial pedestrian areas.

Note: The aggregate base should be spread and compacted in uniform layers, not exceeding 150 mm (6”) thickness. Recommended base surface tolerance should be plus or minus 10 mm (3/8”) over a 3 m (10 ft) straight edge. The Architect/Engineer should inspect geotextile materials and placement (if applicable), base preparation, surface tolerances, elevations, and conduct density tests for conformance to specifications.

Note: Mechanical tampers are recommended for compaction of soil subgrade and aggregate base around lamp standards, utility structures, building edges, curbs, tree wells and other protrusions. In areas not accessible to large compaction equipment, compact to specified density with mechanical tampers.

2.5 EDGE RESTRAINTS

Note: See ICPI Tech Spec 3, “Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements” for guidance on selecting edge restraints for various applications.

A. Provide edge restraints installed around perimeter of all interlocking concrete paving unit areas as follows:

a. Manufacturer: Snapedge Ltd. 800 720 7627 b. Material: Snapedge Plastic Edge c. Material Standards: i. Made from High Density Polyethylene Plastic ii. Minimum wall thickness of 4.5 mm (3/16”) iii. Buttress supports along back edge

2.6 ACCESSORIES

A. Provide accessory materials as follows:

a. Geotextile Fabric i. Material Type and Description: [Specify material type and description] ii. Manufacturer: [Specify manufacturer] iii. Material Standard: [Specify material standard]

Note: Delete article below if cleaners, sealers and / or joint stabilization materials are not specified.

b. [Cleaner] [Sealer] [Joint Stabilization Material] i. Material Type and Description: [Specify material type and description] ii. Manufacturer: [Specify manufacturer] iii. Material Standard: [Specify material standard]

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 ACCEPTABLE INSTALLERS

A. [Specify acceptable paving subcontractors]

3.2 EXAMINATION

Note: Compaction of the soil subgrade is recommended to at least 95% standard Proctor density per ASTM D 698 for residential pedestrian areas. Compaction to at least 98% modified Proctor density per ASTM D 1557 is recommended for commercial pedestrian areas. Stabilization of the subgrade and/or base material may be necessary with weak or saturated subgrade soils.

Note: Local aggregate base materials typical to those used for highway flexible pavements are recommended, or those conforming to ASTM D 2940. Compaction of aggregate is recommended to not less than 98% Proctor density in accordance with ASTM D 698 is recommended for residential and commercial pedestrian areas. Mechanical tampers are recommended for compaction of soil subgrade and aggregate base in areas not accessible to large compaction equipment. Such areas can include that around lamp standards, utility structures, building edges, curbs, tree wells and other protrusions.

Note: Prior to screeding the bedding sand, the recommended base surface tolerance should be ± 10 mm (3/8”) over a 3 m (10 ft) straight edge.

Note: The elevations and surface tolerance of the base determine the final surface elevations of concrete paving slab slabs. The paving slab slab installation contractor cannot correct deficiencies in the base surface with additional bedding sand or by other means. Therefore, the surface elevations of the base should be checked and accepted by the General Contractor or designated party, with written certification to the paving subcontractor, prior to placing bedding sand and concrete paving slabs.

A. Acceptance of Site Verification of Conditions:

a. General contractor shall inspect, accept and certify in writing to the paving slab installation subcontractor that site conditions meet specifications for the following items prior to installation of concrete paving slabs. i. Verify that subgrade preparation, compacted density and elevations conform to the specified requirements. ii. Verify the geotextiles, if applicable, have been placed according to the drawings and specifications. iii. Verify that [aggregate] [Cement treated] [Asphalt treated] [Concrete] [Asphalt] base materials, thickness, [compacted density], surface tolerances and elevations conform to specified requirements. iv. Provide written density test results for soil subgrade, [aggregate] [cement treated] [asphalt treated] [asphalt] base materials to theOwner, General Contractor and paving slab installation subcontractor. v. Verify location, type, and elevations of edge restraints, [concrete collars around] utility structures, and drainage inlets.

B. Do not proceed with installation of bedding sand and concrete paving slabs until [subgrade soil and] base conditions are corrected by the General Contractor or designated subcontractor.

3.3 PREPARATION

A. Verify base is dry, certified by General Contractor as meeting material, installation and grade specifications.

B. Verify that base [and geotextile] is ready to support sand, [edge restraints,] and, paving slabs and imposed loads.

C. Edge Restraint Preparation:

a. Install edge restraints per the drawings [and manufacturer’s recommendations] [at the indicated elevations]. Note: Retain the following two subparagraphs if specifying edge restraints that are staked into the aggregate base with spikes. b. Mount directly to finished base. Do not install on bedding sand. c. The minimum distance from the outside edge of the base to the spikes shall be equal to the thickness of the base.

3.4 INSTALLATION

A. Spread the bedding sand evenly over the base course and screed to a nominal 25 mm (1”) thickness. Spread bedding sand evenly over the base course and screed rails, using the rails and/or edge restraints to produce a nominal 25 mm (1”) thickness allowing for specified variation in the base surface.

a. Do not disturb sand. b. Screeded area shall not be substantially exceed that which is covered by paving slabs in one day. c. Do not use bedding sand to fill depressions in the base surface.

Note: When initially placed on the bedding sand, manually installed paving slabs often touch each other, or their spacer bars if present. Joint widths and lines (bond lines) are straightened and aligned to specifications with rubber hammers and pry bars as paving proceeds. B. Lay the paving slabs in the pattern(s) as shown on the drawings. Place units hand tight without using hammers. Make horizontal adjustments to placement of laid paving slabs with rubber hammers and pry bars as required.

C. Provide joints between the paving slabs between [specify joint width – depends on product selected-contact Navascape Products for recommendations] wide.

D. Joint (bond) lines shall not deviate more than +/- 15 mm (5/8”) over 15 m (50 ft) from string lines.

E. Fill gaps at the edges of the paved area with cut paving slabs or edge units.

F. Cut paving slabs to be placed along the edge with masonry saw.

G. [Adjust bond pattern at pavement edges such that cutting of edge paving slabs is minimized. All cut paving slab shall be no smaller than one third of a whole slab.] [Cut paving slabs at edges as indicated on the drawings].

H. Keep equipment off newly laid paving slabs.

I. Simultaneously spread and sweep dry joint sand into joints continuously until full.

J. All work to within 2 m (6 ft) of the laying face must be left with sand-filled joints at the end of each day or compacted upon acceptance of work. Cover the laying face or any incomplete areas with plastic sheets overnight if not closed with cut paving slabs with joint sand to prevent exposed bedding sand from becoming saturated by rainfall.

K. Sweep off excess sand when the job is complete.

L. Allow excess joint sand to remain on surface to protect paving slabs from damage from other trades. Remove excess sand when directed by [Architect].

M. Surface shall be broom clean after removal of excess joint sand.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

Note: Surface tolerances on flat slopes should be measured with a rigid straightedge. Tolerances on complex contoured slopes should be measured with a flexible straightedge capable of conforming to the complex curves on the pavement surface.

A. The final surface elevations shall not deviate more than 10 mm (3/8”) under a 3 m (10 ft) long straightedge.

B. Check final surface elevations for conformance to drawings.

Note: For installations on a compacted aggregate base and soil subgrade, the top surface of the paving slabs may be 3 to 6 mm above the final elevations. This helps compensate for possible minor settling normal to pavements.

C. The surface elevation of paving slabs shall be 3 to 6 mm (1/8” to 1/4”) above adjacent drainage inlets, concrete collars or channels.

D. Lippage: No greater than 3 mm (1/8”) difference in height between adjacent paving slabs excluding natural texture of the paving slab.

Note: Cleaning and sealing may be required for some applications. See “ICPI Tech Spec 5, Cleaning and Sealing Interlocking Concrete Pavements” for guidance on when to clean and seal the paving slab surface, and when to stabilize joint sand. Delete article below if cleaners, sealers, and or joint sand stabilizers are not applied.

3.6 [CLEANING] [SEALING] [JOINT SAND STABILIZATION]

A. [Clean] [Seal] [Apply joint sand stabilization materials between] concrete paving slabs in accordance with the manufacturer’s written recommendations.

3.7 PROTECTION

A. After work in this section is complete, the General Contractor shall be responsible for protecting work from damage due to subsequent construction activity on site.

END OF SECTION

Concrete Paving Slabs on Concrete or Aggregate Base Page 8