Biology 2121 Study Guide Chapter 13

Biology 2121 – Study Guide – Chapter 13

1. Know the functions and examples of the following receptor types:  Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors  Exteroceptors, interoceptors proprioceptors  Unencapsulated vs encapsulated 2. Simple vs. Complex sensory receptors 3. Know the functions and characteristics of the following receptors:  Free nerve endings, Merkel discs, follicle receptors, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, spindles and golgi tendon organs. 4. Know the structural parts of a peripheral nerve and their connective tissue wrappings. 5. Distinguish between CNS and PNS nerve regeneration. 6. Know the numbers, names and general functions of each cranial nerve. Also know:  Know the origin of each nerve  Know the somatic motor function and parasympathetic function (if applicable) o Muscles or organs they serve  Know the sensory functions of each (if applicable) 7. Know the parts of the spinal cord that relate to spinal nerves:  Dorsal and ventral horns  Ventral and dorsal rootlets  Ventral and dorsal roots

8. Know how a spinal nerve is formed, and characteristics of spinal nerves in general. 9. Know that spinal nerves are mixed nerves. 10. Know the three branches of the spinal nerve. Know the function of these three branches (includes rami). 11. Know how a plexus is formed and how they are related to ventral rami. 12. Know the importance of plexuses. 13. Know that the back is innervated by the dorsal rami. 14. Know that the ventral rami forms the plexuses. 15. Know that T1-T12 do not form nerve plexuses, only intercostals nerves. 16. Know the spinal nerves associated with the following:  Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccygeal region 17. Know the following about the cervical plexus:  Nerves involved  Area it innervates  Phrenic nerve 18. Know the following about the brachial plexus  Location, areas of the body it innervates  Functions of the following nerves: musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, axial  Branches and divisions (roots, trunks, etc.) 19.Know the following about the lumbar plexus:  General location  Know the functions of the following nerves: femoral, obturator, genitofemoral 20. Know the following about the sacral plexus:  General location  Know the following about the following nerves: Sciatic, gluteals, pudendal 21. What are dermatomes and their functions? 22. Know the following about reflex arcs:  Parts of the arc  Distinguish between intrinsic and learned or acquired reflexes and examples of each 23. Distinguish between a stretch and golgi tendon reflex. Know the functions of each. 24. Know the general characteristics and examples of spinal reflexes. 25. Know how the knee jerk reflex works. 26. Know examples and characteristics of superficial reflexes. 27. Know the characteristics of the Babinski’s sign reflex