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Sea Scout Academy Lesson Plan ORD-8 Anchoring

This and other plans are for Sea Scout and leaders to teach maritime and leadership skills. They are based on the 2010 Sea Scout Manual and requirements. Some lessons have an accompanying PowerPoint presentation. I consider PowerPoint an introduction the topic, to be followed by hands-on practice. Several lessons will not have PowerPoint, usually because it is my judgement that PowerPoint is not an appropriate aid to teaching that lesson. Lesson plans and presentations will be added and modified when ready. Each plan and presentation has the rank, requirement number and short name. LP means lesson plan, PPT means PowerPoint. APP means Apprentice, the number is the number of the requirement. ORD = Ordinary. ABL = Able. QM = Quartermaster. There are a few miscellaneous items as well. I created these lesson plans primarily for the Houston area Sea Scout Academy. However, I hope that they are also useful for other Sea Scout situations and venues. So, I expect everyone using the lesson plans to modify them to fit their audience and their style. There are also other resources in the DVD with the Sea Scout Manual, and on www.seascout.org. I invite comments from those that use these lesson plans, so we can have continuous improvement. If you are aware of a better example, or a great illustration that is not in them, please send them to me for inclusion. Especially, if I miss applying a change from the Sea Scout Manual, Guide to Safe Scouting, or a Coast Guard publication, please contact me so we can keep these current and accurate. You may contact me at [email protected] or [email protected]. George Crowl; Skipper, Ship 1996; Sam Houston Area Council

Philosophy: Sea Scout Academy’s primary purpose is to teach the material to the Sea Scout. If the Sea Scout demonstrates mastery of parts of the subject, then the instructor should annotate on the class roster what has been passed, in the instructor’s opinion. Skippers have the right to re- examine any Sea Scout in any requirement.

Requirements: 8. Anchoring a. Name the parts of a stock anchor and a stockless anchor. b. Describe five types of anchors. Describe how each type holds the bottom, the kind of bottom in which it holds best, and the advantages or disadvantages of each type. c. Calculate the amount of anchor rode necessary to your ship’s primary vessel in the following depths: 10, 20, 30 feet in normal and storm conditions. d. Demonstrate the ability to set and weigh anchor.

Reference: See "Ground Tackle" on page 147. Equipment Required: Ship 24 has miniature anchors and a sandbox for demonstration. Need as many different real anchors as possible. Strongly recommend having a real Danforth. Boat(s) with anchor(s) for weighing and setting anchor. Ratio: 1:6 Instructor:Student, youth make good assistants.

Lesson Plan:

8a. Name the parts of a stock anchor and a stockless anchor. Definition: Stockless anchor does not have a “stock” crosspiece, and may be pulled up into the hawsepipes until the flukes meet the hull.

Parts of an anchor. Discuss the parts of an anchor first, so the students understand the language used. Identify the differences between a stock anchor and a stockless anchor. Shank Stock Flukes Crown Palm Blade Etc.

8b. Describe five types of anchors. Describe how each type holds the bottom, the kind of bottom in which it holds best, and the advantages or disadvantages of each type.

Types of anchors. Use the miniature anchors and sandbox to demonstrate the types of anchors. Use real anchors as available. Emphasize the Danforth anchor advantages and disadvantages, since it is the most common one in SHAC fleet. Danforth: Strong holding power, stock at bottom Northill: Quick bite, precise fluke angle Plow or CQR: No stock, rarely fouls, harder to stow Mushroom: For permanent moorings, must be heavy Grapnel: Temporary. Retrieves lost gear. Homemade: Only for very small boat in calm water Navy: For large ships, very heavy, not effective for small craft Sea anchor: For use in heavy weather at sea

8c. Calculate the amount of anchor rode necessary to your ship’s primary vessel in the following depths: 10, 20, 30 feet in normal and storm conditions.

Scope. A minimum scope of 7:1 or up to 10:1 or even higher is used. The scope ratio is the ratio between the distance from the bow or hawse hole to the bottom (i.e. bow three feet above water, plus 10 foot water depth equals 13 feet) and the total line paid out (in this case, at least 101 feet). 10 feet of water + 3 feet freeboard = 13 feet X 7 (scope) = 91 ft. Scope 10 = 130 feet. 20 feet of water + 3 feet freeboard = 23 feet X 7 (scope) = 161 ft. Scope 10 = 230 feet. 30 feet of water + 3 feet freeboard = 33 feet X 7 (scope) = 231 ft. Scope 10 = 330 feet.

8d. Demonstrate the ability to set and weigh anchor.

Set and Weigh. This exercise may be done in rowboats, powerboats, or sailboats. Sailboats will take the longest time to do properly, since doing it under sail takes a longer time. Have the students determine wind and current direction. Explain why they want to drop anchor on the upwind or upcurrent edge of the anchoring area. Have them do so, then have them set the anchor by reversing direction downwind or downcurrent. Then have them recover the anchor by going up with bow to the wind until the anchor breaks out of the ground. Each should function as anchor deploy/recover and as helm.