Chi-Square Test for Qualitative Data

ANALYSIS OF IRP RESULTS USING CHI SQUARE

Causal Question: Why are bees attracted to the color blue?

Hypothesis: Bees’ sense of vision allows them to better see the color blue.

Claim / Alternative Hypothesis: Crickets will be differentially attracted to colors of backgrounds.

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance between the proportions of crickets found in each color background.

Data Table of Statistics: Table A: Frequencies of Crickets Found in Each Color Background Observed Frequencies Color of Background Red Yellow Blue White Total Crickets Yes 30 40 12 18 100 Present No 70 60 88 82 300 Total 100 100 100 100 400

Expected Frequencies Color of Background Red Yellow Blue White Total Crickets Yes 25 25 25 25 100 Present No 75 75 75 75 300 Total 100 100 100 100 400

2 = 24.96 Mode: Yellow df = 3 Critical 2 = 7.88 2 of 24.96 > 7.88 p = 0.00 ANALYSIS OF IRP RESULTS USING CHI SQUARE

Graph – Histogram of frequency distribution

Frequencies of Crickets Found in Each Color Background

80 s t e

k 70 c i r

r 50 e b 40 m u

0 RED YELLOW BLUE WHITE Results from TI-84: Background Colors

2 – Test 2 = 24.96 p = 1.5740715 x 10-5 df = 3

Results Statements:

1. Sentence stating the independent and dependent variables, and a reference to tables and graphs. The distribution of crickets on various colors, as compared with the expected distribution is summarized in Table A and Graph A.

2. Sentences comparing the mode or median and frequency distribution of the groups. Since all crickets (100) had an equal opportunity to choose each of the colors, the expected frequencies would be 25 crickets on each of the four colors. The observed frequencies showed a greater proportion of crickets choosing the blue and red backgrounds and lower proportions choosing yellow and white. The mode for the observed frequencies was blue with 40% of the crickets.

3. Sentences describing the statistical test, level of significance, and null hypothesis. The Chi-square test was used to test the following null hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance: There is no significant difference between the proportions of crickets found in each color background.

4. Sentence comparing the calculated 2 value with the critical 2 value and make a statement about rejection of the null hypothesis. ANALYSIS OF IRP RESULTS USING CHI SQUARE

The null hypothesis was rejected (2 = 24.96 > 7.88; p =0.00)

5. Sentence stating support of the research hypothesis by the data. The data did support the research hypothesis that crickets were differentially attracted to colors of backgrounds