Government Obligations and Services

GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS AND SERVICES SS.7.C.3.14 Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments’ obligations and services.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LESSON SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 ESSENTIAL CONTENT BACKGROUND……………………………………………………………………………. 4 CIVICS CONTENT VOCABULARY…………………………………………………………………………………... 7 SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITY SEQUENCE…………………………………………………………………... .8 STUDENT ACTIVITY RESOURCES/HANDOUTS………………………………………………………………… 10 SOURCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….22 ANSWER KEYS………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23

Organization and Function of Government | SS.7.C.3.14 – Updated 7/15 | 1 Lesson Summary Essential Questions What are the differences between local, state, and federal government obligations and services? Why do we have these differences in our form of government? NGSSS Benchmark SS.7.C.3.14 Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments’ obligations and services. Florida Standards LAFS.68.RH.1.1 LAFS.68.RH.1.2 LAFS.68.RH.2.4 LAFS.68.RH.3.9 LAFS.68.WHST.1.2 LAFS.68.WHST.2.4 LAFS.68.WHST.4.10 LAFS.7.SL.1.1

Overview In this lesson, students will learn about the distribution of powers and obligations between the levels of government, compare and contrast the roles that these levels of government play in their lives, and understand how the U. S. Constitution is the basis for the obligations and powers of each level of government. Learning Goals/Benchmark Clarifications  Students will evaluate scenarios in order to determine which level of government provides specific services.  Students will classify government services according to level of government in order to evaluate the role that each plays in their lives.  Students will compare the obligations/powers of governments at each level.  Students will compare the reserved, concurrent and expressed/enumerated powers of government. Benchmark Content Limits  Items will not include recall information regarding specific agencies or government officials.  Items will not include specific powers listed in local charters.  Items may focus on enumerated powers as listed in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8). Civics EOC Reporting Category Reporting Category 4 – Organization and Function of Government Suggested Time Frame  Three 45-50 minute class periods Civics Content Vocabulary  concurrent powers, enumerated powers, expressed powers, federal government, federalism, implied powers, inherent powers, local government, reserved powers, state government, Tenth Amendment   Instructional Strategies  Directed note  Comparing   Inquiry with taking texts primary sources  Materials  Projector to display the Federal/State Power Venn Diagram and Copies of the Power Cards from The “Federal” in Federalism from iCivics: https://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/federal- federalism  Student activity sheets:  Time Line of The Morning student activity sheet  Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services student activity sheet  Student reading materials: Organization and Function of Government | SS.7.C.3.14 – Updated 7/15 | 2  On the Level from iCivics: http://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/level-0  Excerpts from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution  State and Local Government Functions & Services   Lesson Activities and Daily Schedule  Please use the chart below to track activity completion.    T  St  Description  Com Da a e plete s p d? k s  Yes/ in No # L es so n  T  1-  Hook Activity  a 4 s k  1 Da  T  5-  On the Level Reading Activity  a 2 s 0 k 2  T  2  Article I, Section 8 Activity  a 1- s 2 k 8 3  T  2  State and Local Government Functions &   a 9- Services Activity Da s 3 k 4 4  T  3  Concurrent Powers Activity  a 5 s & k 3 5 6  T  3  Federal/State Power Venn Diagram  a 7- Activity s 3  k 9 Da 6  T  4  Time Line of The Morning Activity  a 0 s &

Organization and Function of Government | SS.7.C.3.14 – Updated 7/15 | 3 k 4 7 1  T  4  Checking for Understanding  a 2 s k 8  

Organization and Function of Government | SS.7.C.3.14 – Updated 7/15 | 4  Essential Content Background  This section addresses the following issues:  1. Federal obligations and services to the people 2. State obligations and services to the people 3. Local obligations and services to the people 4. Sharing obligations, services and powers   The federal government and state and local governments in the U.S. are obligated by the U.S. Constitution, state constitutions and local charters to provide services to people living within their jurisdictions. The obligations and services provided by each level of government speak to the role that these governments play in citizens’ lives.   1. The federal government’s obligations and services to the people   Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution outlines the powers of Congress. These powers of Congress list the federal government’s obligations to the people.   The opening phrase of Article I, Section 8 demonstrates the obligations and services that the federal government is obligated to provide:   The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;   The federal government is obligated to provide services to citizens equally regardless of the state in which they live. For example, in providing for the “common defense”, the federal government is obligated to defend any citizens who are threatened by foreign aggressors no matter where they live in the U.S. Similarly, all male citizens and resident aliens age 18-26 must register for Selective Service no matter the state in which they live.   Article I, Section 8 enumerates (lists) the powers of Congress. The final clause of this section extends to Congress whatever powers it needs to carry out the enumerated powers listed up to that point in the section.   The “elastic clause” is shown here:  To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.  The final clause of Article I, Section 8 is called either the “elastic clause” or the “necessary and proper clause”, both of which indicate that the Congress may do whatever it needs to in order to fulfill its obligations and services to the people. Powers that are given to the federal government are also called “delegated” powers.   Together, the terms that are used to describe federal powers are: delegated, enumerated and express all of which suggest that powers used to fulfill federal obligations are limited. Still, that Congress may do what it believes it needs to in order to fulfill its obligations suggests that Congress’ powers are not as limited as Article I, Section 8 would suggest.   2. The state government’s obligations and services to the people   The State of Florida is obligated to provide specific services to individuals living in Florida. These services include public safety, law enforcement, health services and education. Florida’s obligations and services are granted through the Tenth Amendment which reads as follows:   The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.   As indicated by the Tenth Amendment, the states have “reserved” powers, which are powers that the state governments have to fulfill their obligations and services. The powers reserved to the states are not limited; states may do what they want as long as they are not forbidden from doing so by the federal government.   The Florida state government has the highest authority over local government affairs, as defined by the U.S. federal system. Local governments, counties and cities, are subdivisions of the state government. They may not pass laws that conflict with state laws.   3. Local obligations and services to the people   Note: The following material is adapted from Florida League of Cities: Florida City and County Government: A Teacher Handbook 1991, Unit 2, Lessons 1-3 and Unit 6, Lesson 3.   Public safety is a key responsibility of local government that provides law enforcement, fire protection, animal control and protection, and code enforcement.   Public safety is a key responsibility of local government. One of the most important safety services provided by city and county government is police protection and law enforcement. City police officers and county sheriffs are responsible for enforcing federal, state and local laws. In the event of a declared emergency, local law enforcement authorities are obligated and empowered to enforce all orders, rules and regulations issue pursuant to the state Emergency Management Act. Public safety also includes fire protection, building inspection, code enforcement, animal control and protection, and emergency medical and rescue services.   Public services are basic city services that include transportation and public works, sanitation, solid and liquid waste management, air quality management, toxic and hazardous waste disposal, storm water management, parks, public recreational services, libraries, water purification, wastewater (sewage) treatment, cable television, airports, ports, harbors, public cemeteries, golf courses, public housing assistance, and electric or gas utilities.   Counties must carry out constitutionally mandated responsibilities and those established by the state. County-level constitutional services include law enforcement and jail administration, tax collection, property appraisal, state court administration and supervision of elections. Counties are also charged with road maintenance, public health, solid waste disposal and other environmental responsibilities. Elected county officials determine other county services.   Each county has its own school district that has elected boards that govern the day-today operations of K-12 public education. School districts are a special-purpose local government. Funding is provided through property taxes and state revenues.   4. Sharing obligations, services and powers   The information provided here demonstrates that federal, state and local governments share responsibility to provide for the general welfare. In order to fulfill these responsibilities, governments are extended powers, some of which are limited by the U.S. and state-level constitutions. Federal obligations and services extend to all Americans no matter the state in which they live while state obligations and services are provided to all who live within that state’s borders. In Florida, every inch of land is included in one of Florida’s 67 counties. Each of Florida’s counties is obligated by the state government and by county charter to fulfill various obligations and services. Over one-half of all Florida residents live in one of Florida’s 400+ cities; like counties, cities are obligated to provide services to those living within city limits.   Concurrent powers are powers that are shared between and among the federal, state and local governments. For example, both the federal and state governments have the power to tax while both the federal and state governments are obligated to provide public services, such as health and medical care.    Civics Content Vocabulary   Word/Ter  Part of  Definition m Speech  concurrent  noun  powers shared by the national, state, and/or powers local government  expressed  noun  the powers specifically named and assigned or to the federal government or prohibited to be enumerate exercised by the states under the U.S. d powers Constitution, also known as delegated powers  federal  noun  the national level of government; the governmen government of the United States t  federalism  noun  a system of government in which power is divided and shared between national, state, and local government  implied  noun  powers not written in the U.S. Constitution powers but are necessary and proper in order for the federal government to carry out the expressed powers  inherent  noun  powers not listed in the U.S. Constitution but powers are necessary for the federal government to function  local  noun  the governing body of a municipality or governmen county t  reserved  noun  powers that are not granted to the federal powers government that belong to (are reserved for) the states and the people  state  noun  the government of an individual state governmen t  Tenth  proper noun  the final amendment in the Bill of Rights, it Amendme states: ”The powers not delegated to the nt United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”    Suggested Student Activity Sequence  1. To begin this lesson, pass out the “Time Line of The Morning” student activity sheet. 2. Review the provided example with the class and instruct students to work independently to list the time and a description of ten activities they completed before arriving at your class today. 3. Provide students with time to complete this activity. 4. Engage students in a brief discussion, posing the following questions: “Have you considered if the government plays a role in the activities you completed this morning? In general, do you think the government has a role in the everyday tasks we complete?” 5. Pass out the “On the Level” student reading from iCivics: http://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/level-0. 6. Pass out the “Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services” student activity sheet and explain to students that while they read, they will learn about and be able to define some important civics content vocabulary terms. 7. Ask a student to read aloud the titles for the three paragraphs in the reading (federal powers, state powers, and local powers). 8. Ask students where they have heard the terms federal, state, and local before. Remind students that there are three levels of government: federal, state, and local. 9. Ask students to define each level of government and to write their answers on the activity sheet. Review answers for accuracy. 10. Ask a student to hypothesize what this reading will be about based on the paragraph titles (powers of each level of government). 11. Begin the activity as a whole class by reading aloud the “Federal Powers” paragraph. 12. Ask the students to share any key terms they noticed in this paragraph (delegated powers, expressed powers, implied powers, and inherent powers). 13. Explain to students that they will reread the paragraph and during this second reading, they will need to underline or mark any words or phrases that help them define the terms. 14. Reread the paragraph. 15. Provide students with time to define the terms: delegated powers, expressed powers, implied powers, and inherent powers, on their activity sheet. 16. Have students share out and check their answers for accuracy. 17. Pose the following question for discussion: “Now that you know the different types of federal powers, how would you define the term federal powers?” 18. Provide students with time to write a definition and review for accuracy. 19. Instruct students to complete the remaining two paragraphs of the reading independently. Remind students to underline or mark any words or phrases that help them define the terms while reading 20. Review as a whole class. 21. Pose the following question to the students: “Did the reading say where the federal government got its power from?” (U.S. Constitution). 22. Pass out the “Excerpts from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution” reading and explain to students that they are going to look closely at the powers listed for the federal government in order to understand how the powers become services for citizens. 23. Review the first excerpt and meaning as a whole class. 24. Provide time for students to complete the rest of the reading and activity. 25. Instruct students to return to their “Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services” student activity sheet. 26. Direct their attention to the summary of services section at the end of the federal powers section. Using their understanding of federal powers and their reading of excerpts from Article I, Section 8, ask students to think about the conclusions they can make about federal government services. Pose the following questions for discussion: “How do the powers of this level of government translate into services for the country? What is the impact of these services on citizens’ lives?” 27. Provide time for students to answer this question independently. 28. Have students share out and check for accuracy. 29. Explain to students that now that they have an understanding of the powers and services of the federal government, they will look more closely at state and local governments’ functions and services. 30. Pass out the “State and Local Government Functions & Services” reading. 31. Direct students to read the passage independently. 32. Instruct students to return to their “Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services” student activity sheet. 33. Direct the students to the summary of services section at the end of the state and local powers sections. Using what they have read, instruct students to make conclusions about state and local services by summarizing the services and how they impact citizens’ lives. 34. Have students share out and discuss their conclusions as a whole class. 35. Ask a student to remind the class of the definition for concurrent powers. 36. Ask students to think about what they have learned about federal and state powers and to brainstorm some examples of concurrent powers. 37. Place students into pairs, project the “Federal/State Power Venn Diagram” on the board and pass out 1-2 “Power Cards” from iCivics: https://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/federal- federalism to each set of partners. 38. Instruct students to discuss their card with their partner and then ask one student from each pair to come up to the board and place their power in the correct section of the diagram: expressed, implied and inherent powers, concurrent powers, or reserved powers. 39. Review the answers as a class and clarify any misunderstandings. 40. Have students take out their “Time Line of The Morning” student activity sheet. 41. Instruct students to look at the ten tasks they listed at the beginning of this lesson and to fill in the third column. For each task, they should list the level of government and service that was provided. Teacher note: See Sample Answers section for examples. 42. Checking for Understanding (Formative Assessment):  Instruct students to write a well-crafted informative response using one of the following prompts:  Prompt 1  Instruct student to write a well-crafted informative response to the question at the bottom of the “Time Line of The Morning” student activity sheet.  Prompt 2  Many citizens are unaware that the three levels of government provide different services. How would you explain the services of the federal, state, and local governments to an unaware citizen?   Extension Suggestion: For additional support to help students understand the role of government in their lives, project the online simulation “An Ordinary Day: The Impact of Congress/Government” from the Center on Congress, http://congress.indiana.edu/e-learning- module-the-impact-congress and point out examples of government services as they appear in the simulation.    Time Line of The Morning   Complete a time line of ten activities you completed this morning before arriving at this class. For each activity, list the time and a brief description. Leave the last column blank until you receive additional instructions from your teacher.   Time Activity Government Involved (service provided)  6:00 a.m. Brushed teeth Local government (water management)   ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  ______  Checking for Understanding: What conclusion can you draw about government services based on your timeline?                  On the Level Name:

Federal Powers The Constitution assigns, or delegates, specific powers to the Expressed: federal government. There are three types of delegated powers, Take a at the and they are the only powers that the federal government holds. Constitution… it’s Expressed powers are listed clearly in the Constitution. They there! include the power to print money or declare war. I mplied powers are not written out clearly in the Constitution. Instead, the Constitution gives the federal government the power to make laws I mplied: that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out the expressed powers. For example, the Constitution expressly gives the federal about the government the power to establish post offices, but it does not Constitution… it’s expressly give the power to print postage stamps. Postage stamps necessary and are a “necessary and proper” part of running a post office, proper! however, so the federal government has the power to print them. Finally, inherent powers are not listed in the Constitution but are I nherent: necessary for the federal government to function. The Constitution doesn’t talk about immigration or international relations, but the what the government still has to act on these items. It is understood that the Constitution was federal government must play a role in these areas. trying to establish… it’s essential! State Powers Powers Reserved The Constitution does not delegate any specific powers Powers Given by to the States to the states. There is no list of “state powers.” Instead, the Constitution any power the Constitution does not give to the federal government is reserved to the states. The Constitution does deny powers to the states, meaning there is a listing of things that they do. This may sound like the states don’t have much power, but reserved powers are actually very broad. The Constitution says nothing about many important powers, such as public safety, health, education, licenses, and many other things! All of these powers are reserved to the states. Some state Concurrent powers do overlap with the federal government, and Powers these are called concurrent powers.

Local Powers The Constitution says nothing about local governments. That’s because the principle of federalism created by the Constitution has only two levels: the national and the state level. The power to create local governments is a power reserved to the . Local governments get their power from the state where they are located, and each state gives slightly different powers to its local governments. Counties, cities, towns, townships, boroughs, and parishes are all types of local government. Usually, the state will make broad laws about things like public safety, health, and education. Then it gives local governments the power to make more detailed laws about these issues or to decide how these laws will be carried out.

Reading p.2  Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services

 Directions: Learning new terms and concepts by determining their definition as they appear in the text in context is an important skill. While reading, your task is to identify the key terms by marking the evidence that helps you define the term and then summarizing the term and using complete sentences.

 By the end of this reading, you will be able to summarize the powers for each level of government.

 I. Federal Government -

 Federal Powers -

a. Delegated powers -

b. Expressed powers -

c. Implied powers -

d. Inherent powers -

 Summary of Services -

II. State Government -

 State Powers -

a. Reserved powers -

    III. Concurrent Powers –

 Examples:

  IV. Local Government -  Local Powers -

 Excerpts from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution  Directions: For each excerpt of Article I, Section 8, summarize the text in your own words.  What it says:  What it means:  SECTION. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect  the power to set taxes, tariffs and other Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide means of raising federal revenue, and to for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; authorize the expenditure of all federal but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout funds the United States;  To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;   To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the  several States, and with the Indian Tribes;  To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws  on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;  To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and  fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;  To establish Post Offices and post Roads;    To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;    To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make  Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;  To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to  that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;  To provide and maintain a Navy; To make Rules for the  Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;  To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for  carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.   State & Local Government Functions & Services   The Florida state government has highest authority over local government affairs, as defined by the U.S. federal system. Local governments, counties and cities, are subdivisions of the state government and may not pass laws that conflict with state government laws.   State Government Functions & Services 1. Public safety – the FL Department of Law Enforcement provides a police force and the State Fire Marshal regulates fire codes 2. Provides health and financial services 3. Provides public education and grants teaching certificates 4. Assistance and safety management during natural disasters 5. Approves and authorizes business licenses 6. Regulates instate business 7. Regulates code enforcement 8. Oversees state transportation systems and growth plans 9. Creates safety regulations for utilities 10. Grants driver’s licenses 11. Provides a state court system 12. Can tax and borrow money   Local Government - County Functions & Services 1. Public safety – county sheriff and fire protection 2. Provides and maintains county jails 3. Regulates and maintains county roads 4. Provide a recycling program 5. Provides facilities for state courts and oversees county courts 6. Waste management and disposal 7. Animal control services 8. Manages voter registration and conduct elections 9. Issues marriage licenses 10. Issues vehicle registrations 11. Can tax and borrow money   Local Government - City Functions & Services 1. Public safety – has a police force, fire protection, and fire-prevention codes 2. Enforces building safety codes, electrical codes and zoning regulations 3. Regulates and maintains city roads 4. Provides utilities - water, sewage system, and trash collection 5. Provides parks and recreational services 6. May create a public transit system (buses, trains, etc.) and an airport 7. May create and manage libraries and cemeteries 8. Can tax and borrow money   Sources:  Florida Municipal Officials’ Manual  http://www.floridaleagueofcities.com/Publications.aspx?CNID=176  Florida Association of Counties Fact Sheet  http://www.fl-counties.com/docs/pdfs/fs-servicesprovide(1).pdf?sfvrsn=0  Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government for Kids  http://bensguide.gpo.gov/6-8/government/federalism2.html

 Sources  On the Level Student Reading: http://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/level-0  Venn Diagram and Power Cards: https://www.icivics.org/teachers/lesson-plans/federal- federalism  Excerpts from Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution: http://constitutioncenter.org/  State & Local Government Services -  Florida Municipal Officials’ Manual: http://www.floridaleagueofcities.com/Publications.aspx?CNID=176  Florida Association of Counties Fact Sheet: http://www.fl-counties.com/docs/pdfs/fs- servicesprovide(1).pdf?sfvrsn=0  Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government for Kids: http://bensguide.gpo.gov/6- 8/government/federalism2.html    Federal, State, and Local Powers & Services – Sample Answers

 Directions: Learning new terms and concepts by determining their definition as they appear in the text in context is an important skill. While reading, your task is to identify the key terms by marking the evidence that helps you define the term and then summarizing the term and using complete sentences.

 By the end of this reading, you will be able to summarize the powers for each level of government.

 I. Federal Government – The federal government is the organization through which political authority is exercised at the national level, it is the government of the United States.

 Federal Powers – The federal powers are the powers listed in the U.S. Constitution and the ones necessary for the federal government to function.

a. Delegated powers – Delegated powers are the specific powers assigned to the federal government.

b. Expressed powers – Expressed powers are the powers listed in the U.S. Constitution.

c. Implied powers – Implied powers are not written in the U.S. Constitution but they are the powers that are necessary and proper in order for the federal government to carry out the expressed powers.

d. Inherent powers – Inherent powers are not listed in the U.S. Constitution but they are the powers necessary for the federal government to function.

 Summary of Services – The services of the federal government are to protect, assist or manage issues that are of interest or concern of the entire country. For example, the federal government provides post offices and money, manages relationships with other countries and between states, determines naturalization laws and supports a military.

II. State Government – The state government is the organization through which political authority is exercised at the state level; it is the government of a specific state.

 State Powers – The state powers are the powers not listed for the federal government in the U.S. Constitution and the powers necessary for the states to function.

a. Reserved powers - Any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the state governments.

 Summary of Services – The services of the state governments are to protect and regulate issues that impact the entire state. States provide regulations for local government services, grant business licenses, driver’s licenses and teaching certificates and provide public safety through police, fire and highway safety.

III. Concurrent Powers – Concurrent powers are powers that belong to the federal and state governments.  Examples: collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish courts, make and enforce laws, spend money for the general welfare, charter banks and corporations

IV. Local Government – Local government is the governing body of a municipality or county.

 Local Powers – Local powers are given to local governments by state governments.

 Summary of Services – Citizens come in contact with many local governments services on a daily basis. Local governments provide police and fire protection, build roads, create parks, utilities and recycling.

 Excerpts from Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution  Directions: For each excerpt of Article I, Section 8, summarize the text in your own words.  What it says:  What it means:  SECTION. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect  the power to set taxes, tariffs and other Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide means of raising federal revenue, and to for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; authorize the expenditure of all federal but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout funds the United States;  To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;  The federal government borrows money by issuing bonds. This creates a national debt, which the United States is obligated to repay.  To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the  allows Congress to regulate business several States, and with the Indian Tribes; activities "among the states."  To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws  Establish rules for naturalization or on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; immigrants becoming citizens  To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and  Coin money fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;  To establish Post Offices and post Roads;  Establish post offices  To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;  Create courts below the Supreme Court  To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make  Declare war Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;  To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to  Create and support an Army that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;  To provide and maintain a Navy; To make Rules for the  Create and support a Navy Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;  To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for  Congress can create laws that are necessary carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other and proper to carry out their powers Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.   Time Line of The Morning – Sample Answers    Time Activity Government Involved (service provided)  6:00 a.m. Turned on the lights Local government (utilities)  6:05 a.m. Brushed teeth Local government (utilities)  6:10 a.m. Used the toilet Local government (utilities)  6:45 a.m. Started driving to school with my mom State government (driver’s license)  7:00 a.m. Stopped at a fast food restaurant for breakfast State government (business license)  7:15 a.m. Got on I-4 to drive to school State government (state road)  7:30 a.m. Arrived at school State government (funding for schools)  7:45 a.m. Handed in my sports permission slip Local government (parks and recreation)  7:50 a.m. Said hello to the school Safety Officer Local government (police force)  8:00 a.m. Began the school day in math class State government (teacher’s certificate)    Checking for Understanding – Sample Answer  The conclusion that I can draw about government services based on my time line of the morning is that more than one level of government is involved in my daily activities. Local government plays a role in many things that I do. Local government provides services that I need at home and at school so that I have the utilities I need, I am safe in my community and can participate in activities. The state government also plays a role in providing safety. Without state government, I wouldn’t have the roads I use every day, our school building wouldn’t exist and we wouldn’t have our teachers.