Chapter 5 Concept Review

Name______Class______Date______Skills Worksheet Chapter 5 Concept Review

MATCHING In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the description.

______1. two types of consumers a. photosynthesis ______2. a diagram showing the many b. rabbit and coyote feeding relationships that are in c. fossil fuels an ecosystem d. producers e. food web ______3. the process in which energy f. consumers from the sun is used by plants to g. atmospheric CO2 make sugar molecules h. energy pyramid i. algal bloom ______4. illustrates the loss of energy j. atmospheric N2 from one trophic level to the k. food chain next l. old-field succession m. nitrogen-fixing ______5. organisms that get their energy bacteria by eating other organisms ______6. stored carbon from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago ______7. organisms that make their own food ______8. change that occurs on an abandoned farm ______9. a part of the carbon cycle ______10. results from excessive use of fertilizers ______11. organisms that transform atmosphereic nitrogen into usable nitrogen compounds ______12. part of the nitrogen cycle ______13. transfer of energy from one organism to another

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 1 How Ecosystems Work Name______Class______Date______MULTIPLE CHOICE ______14. What are the first d. sugar molecules organisms to colonize any newly avail-able area ______19. Which of the following is called? an herbivore? a. climax species a. cow b. Ferns b. lion c. pioneer species c. bear d. mosses d. grass ______15. Which of the following is ______20. Which of the following is a producer that breaks a producer? down rock? a. oak tree a. pioneer producer b. raccoon b. fungal species c. cockroach c. algae d. human d. lichen ______21. Which of the following is ______16. Humans are affecting the a process in the cell where balance of the carbon by glucose and oxygen cycle by produce carbon dioxide, a. burning fossil fuels. water, and energy? b. using carbonates at an a. photosynthesis alarming rate. b. cellular respiration c. using fertilizers. c. synthesis d. replanting the d. decomposition rainforests. ______22. Which of the following ______17. What is a pattern of organisms would be found change that occurs on a at the top of an energy surface where an pyramid? ecosystem has previously a. alga existed? b. krill a. primary succession c. leopard seal b. secondary succession d. killer whale c. tertiary succession ______23. Humans usually get the d. climax community phosphorus that their ______18. What do deep-ocean bodies need from bacteria use to make their a. eating plants and food? animals that contain a. the sun phosphorus. b. hydrogen sulfide b. mining. c. carbon dioxide c. food additives. d. drinking water.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Environmental Science 2 How Ecosystems Work TEACHER.RESOURCE.PAGE Answer Key

Concept Review would not benefit a thriving nature preserve. This area should be more MATCHING primitive. Hiking trails would be more 1. b 8. l appropriate than paved roads. 2. e 9. g AGREE OR DISAGREE 3. a 10. i 10. Accept any reasonable answer. Sample 4. h 11. m answers: Agree; the sun is the ultimate 5. f 12. j source of energy for all living things, even 6. c 13. k those that eat only meat.Disagree; life 7. d would continue in the deep sea, fueled by MULTIPLE CHOICE the bacteria that convert hydrogen sulfide 14. c 19. a to food.Eventually, new life-forms that 15. d 20. a depend on this new “ultimate” energy 16. a 21. b source may evolve. 17. b 22. d 11. Disagree; by burning fossil fuels, we 18. b 23. a release carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. Due to the large Critical Thinking amounts of fossil fuels that we are burning, the concentration of car-bon ANALOGIES dioxide in the atmosphere has increased. 1. b 4. c This upsets the previous balance between 2. d 5. b the carbon under-ground, the carbon in 3. b 6. d organisms, and the carbon in the air INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS (carbon dioxide). 7. Answers may vary. Sample answer:Native 12. Agree; a severe drought will reduce the grasses are adapted to the soil and climatic amount of grass available for food for the conditions of the area.Replacing these primary consumers. Some of the primary grasses with nonnative grasses is consumers will starve to death.With fewer contrary to the purpose of a nature primary consumers to ser veas their preserve. Nonnative grasses may require energy source, secondary con-sumers will maintenance to keep them thriving. also starve. Starvation will continue up the Organisms that depend on the native energy pyramid. grasses may die when their food source REFINING CONCEPTS and habitat are removed from the area. 13. Accept any reasonable answer. Sample 8. Answers may vary. Sample answer: answer: Primary succession is the regu- Importing exotic animals that are not part lar pattern of ecological changes that of the natural habitat is also con-trary to occur over time on a previously unoc- the purpose of a nature pre-serve. cupied surface. Secondary succession Nonnative species may die because the describes the ecological changes that available food sources and habitats are occur on a previously occupied surface. unsuitable. They will require additional The distinction between the two is care to survive. sometimes confusing. Never-occupied 9. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A surfaces, such as newly exposed bedrock play ground that can be easily accessed by (from a retreating glacier) qualify as vehicles on a paved road would be better “previously unoccupied” locations. suited to a park setting than an a ture Lichens living there would be re erred to preserve. The resulting traffic as “primary succession.”