Appendix: Summary of EAEW Monitoring Data

Appendix: Summary of EAEW monitoring data

Between February 2005 and January 2006 the EAEW collected a total of 154 water and waste water samples. Treated waste water was collected from the effluents of 21 different STPs in eight EA regions (66 samples in total). Surface water samples were collected from 18 locations in six EA regions immediately downstream of STPs after the effluent was considered to have fully mixed in the channel (88 samples in total). Total TCS concentrations were determined at the Environment Agency

Nottingham laboratory using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, following the method outlined by Kanda et al., (2003). Deviations from Kanda et al. (2003) included the use of iso-hexane instead of dichloromethane for sample extractions and acylation derivatisation using trifluoroacetic anhydride instead of with diazomethane.

Samples were collected in amber glass bottles, stored at 4°C in the dark and analysed within 10 d of collection. Blanks and blank-spiked analytical quality control samples were also prepared. Spiked recoveries were quantified in unfiltered river water collected from a tributary of the River Derwent, Derbyshire, containing concentrations of TCS below the limit of quantification (< 5 ng L-1) . The sample was spiked at low [20 ng L-1 (n = 5)] and and high concentrations [80 ng L-1 (n=5)].

Overall recovery from the spiked samples was 100.4% (SD = 2.3%).

Dry weather flow (DWF) estimates and effluent flow data for the actual sampling dates were obtained from the various STP operating companies. These data, where available, are given in Table S-1 and demonstrate that the DWF was similar to the actual effluent flow data for the sampling dates of the EAEW monitoring campaign. River discharge data were obtained for the gauging stations located nearest to the monitoring sites (Table 2-S). These data were scaled to give an estimate of the river flow at the river monitoring point by multiplying by the ratio of the estimated mean flows at the monitoring sites and their nearest gauging site. The mean flows at these sites were estimated using LowFlow2000 (Young et al., 2000).

References

Kanda, R., Griffin, P., James, H.A., Fothergill, J., 2003. Pharmaceutical and personal care products in sewage treatment works. J. Environ. Monit. 5, 823-830. Table S-1: Measured TCS concentrations in effluent (MECeff) samples collected in

England and Wales

Effluent flow rate MEC (ng L-1) STP eff (L cap-1 d-1) STP Name Region (n) type Sampling Range Mean DWF Mean Dunstable TA 1 - 11 600 340 Anglian St. Ives TB 1 - 128 249 259 107 5 53 – 197 - 273 Stoke Bardolph Midlands SAS (66) Minworth Filt SAS 1 - 44 - 259 99 1041 3 86 – 109 831 Blackburn Meadows SAS (12) (182) 223 505 8 137 – 341 394 Knostrop (Leeds) SB (79) (169) North 330 486 9 153 -461 300 Marley (Keighley) East SB (114) (117) 491 8 106 – 244 184 (54) 416 Esholt (Bradford) TB (264) 468 11 34 – 239 174 (62) 480 Huddersfield (Cooper Bridge) TB (113) Harpenden TB 1 - 213 184 181 Reigate Thames TB 1 - 216 279 203 Deephams SAS 1 - 43 251 227 1890 2 20 – 28 24 (6) 735 Betws y Coed SAS (78.8) DUFFRYN ISAF Wales SAS 1 - 18 - 616 Mold TA 4 17 – 25 21 (4) - 145 Llanasa TA 1 - 248 821 98 228 3 203 – 220 213 (9) 202 Horsham SB (62) Southern 255 2 117 – 482 300 (258) 234 Lingfield TB (16) Davyhulme North TA 1 - 42 667 515 Alsager West TB 1 - 138 259 262 South 1 - 160 331 448 Salisbury West TB NB: numbers in parentheses are standard deviations

SB: Secondary Biological STP; SAS: Secondary Activated Sludge STP; TB: Tertiary

SB; TA: Tertiary SAS. Table S-2: Measured TCS concentrations in surface waters (MECinitial) in England and

Discharge flow MEC (ng L-1) initial (m3 s-1) River Location Region (n) Mean* Annual Range Mean Mean# Ouzel Brook (Trib of R. Ouzel) 0.045 0.071 2 8 - 10 9 (1) Stanbridgeford (0.007) (0.032) Anglian Marley Gap brook (trib R. Gt. Ouse) Stocks 0.009 0.027 2 27 – 71 47 (34) bridge, St. Ives (0.004) (0.043) 100.9 59.68 River Trent at Gunthorpe 5 5 – 25 14 (9) (49.72) (39.95) 10.34 6.374 River Soar at Sileby Midlands 5 7 – 30 18 (11) (4.086) (4.587) 9.048 9.540 River Tame d/s Minworth STP bacteria beds 5 10 – 83 30 (30) (3.174) (5.271) 5.243 4.422 River Don at bsc Rotherham Gate 14 8 17 – 129 54 (38) (1.252) (3.688) 13.44 13.76 River Aire at Calverly Bridge. 9 6 – 195 58 (60) (4.638) (15.44) 15.40 14.34 River Aire at Fleet Weir 6 14 – 93 53 (33) North (3.470) (13.06) East 10.21 10.61 River Aire at Cottingley Bridge 6 6 – 27 16 (8) (3.915) (11.90) 9.521 9.924 River Aire at Crossflatts 9 9 – 39 22 (11) (3.575) (11.14) 9.312 7.052 Calder at Mirfield (Battyford Iron Br) 7 12 – 64 38 (21) (8.408) (8.415) 0.018 0.032 Day Green stream u/s Kidsgrove stream 7 30 – 105 55 (25) North (0.011) (0.034) West 14.11 17.23 Manchester Ship Canal at Irlam Locks 6 20 – 87 50 (22) (7.360) (12.44) 0.061 0.070 Waterside Eden Brook 2 71 – 88 80 (12) (0.011) (0.067) Southern 0.775 1.290 River Arun at Wellcross Bridge 2 5 – 119 85 (49) (0.427) (1.944) River Conwy, railway bridge, nr. Cwm 18.27 22.16 3 5 – 8 6 (2) Llanerch farm, Betws y Coed (13.03) (34.08) 0.092 0.514 River Clun below Rhiwsaeson (Old) STW Wales 2 14 – 25 20 (8) (0.003) (0.714) 0.125 0.697 River Ely at Ynysmaerdy 2 8 - 10 9 (1) (0.005) (0.968) NB: numbers in parentheses are standard deviations; *: mean flow during monitoring campaign; #: annual flow during 2008