D lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots, was Part One ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR 4. The____wife was wearing a plain white dress with a string of pearls that cost more than my____salary. A governor's-general, two years' B governor-general's, two years' C Directions: Complete the sentences below using the correct governor-general, two years D alternative from those marked A, B, C, or D. governor's-general's, two-year The noun 5. He pulled off his gloves and put____onto the dressing table. She noticed that____brand new. So was his hat. Test 1 | A it, it was B it, they were C them, 1. When I came into____cottage, the family_____sitting it was D them, they round the table playing draughts. Draughts____their were favourite game. They like to play____in the evenings. 6. He conducted a lot of____into_____but_____a failure. A the Holley's, were, are, it B Holleys, was, are, them C A researches, hay fevers, they were B the Holleys', were, is, it D research, hay fever, it was C researches, Holleys's, was, is, them hay fever, it was . D research, hay fevers, they were 2. When he was going through a narrow passage between two ____, he heard ____, These were his neighbours, 7. The proceeds of the campaign____been spent on the two____girls. construction of the Children's Care Centre. Roadworks ____being held there to build a new_____crossing. A merrys-go-round, laugh, twenty-years old B merry-go-rounds, a laugh, twenty-year old C A has, are, pedestrian's B have, are, pedestrian merry-goes-round, laughter, twenty-years old D merry-goes-rounds, a laughter, twenty-year old C has, is, pedestrians D have, is, pedestrians' 3. They decided to open a season. Though it was a fash 8. Look, Mary is playing with the scissors! Take_____ ionable party and the walls were decorated with____ away from her,____may cut into her fingers. and____, the majority of the guests____wearing jeans and T-shirts. A it, it B them, it C it, A lilies-of-the-valley, forget-me-nots, were they D them, B lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots, were they C lilies-of-the-valley, forgets-me-not, was 9. Here ____ the pocket money my uncle has sent me 15. The crossroads at our supermarket ____a dangerous today. ___ will be enough to settle all my debts. place. The traffic lights will help both pedestrians and A are, It C is, It drivers to avoid accidents. The police____to set_____ B is, They D are, They here. A are, needs, them C are, needs, it 10. The criteria ____too vague. If there were a sharper B is, need, them D is, need, it ____to make our choice, I would be happy. A is, criterion C is, criteria 16. Measles____a dangerous disease and a lot of children B are, criterion D are, criteria catch____at an early age. A is, them C are, them 11. The latest news from the Middle East countries _ B is, it D arc, it disturbing. A close-up camera showed a man run ning somewhere. His face was bruised and his clothes 17. This____the most effective means of production and ____torn. _ can be adjusted to your business in ___ time. A was, was C was, were A is, it, two month's B are, B were, were D were, was they, a two-months C is, they, two-month D is, it, 12. The premises____big enough, but the inspection took two months' them a lot of____, and they had to drive home at____. A was, time, dusks 18. The Azores_____are dark blue species that require ___ B were, times, a dusk cultivation in temperate regions. C was, times, dusk D A forget-me-nots, greenhouse B were, time, dusk forgets-me-nots, greenhouse's C 13. The price for____has increased by ten_____in the last forget-me-not, greenhouse D quarter. Lodgings____very expensive nowadays. forgets-me-not, greenhouse's A an accommodation, per cent, is B 19. Reliable ____about everyday clothing from the past accommodation, per cent, are C ____hard to obtain. accommodations, per cents, is D A evidences, are C evidences, is accommodation, per cents, are B evidence, is D evidence, are 14. That species of birds____migrant and_____found in 20. These species____protected in national parks and Africa in winter. Our surroundings ____ too severe . for such birds and they leave____early in September. A is, game reserves B A is, is, are, them C is, is, is, it B are, game's reserves C are, are, are, them D are, are, is, it are, game reserves D is, games reserves 6. Where____Nick's pyjamas? —_____on the bed. Test 2 A is, It is C is, They are 1. ____depths are usually much greater than_____depths B are, They are D are, It is because of____low density. 7. Bread and cheese____his usual meal and he has been A Snow, rain, snow B living on____for two months. Snow's, rain's, snow's C A was, them C is, it Snow, rain, snow's D B are, it D is, them Snow's, rain, snow's 8. His____decreased because his salary was cut by 7____. 2. ____are tiny white bells hanging from a single erect stem about 30 cm tall with the____as a red berry. A earnings, per cent B earnings, per cents C A Lilies-of-the-valley, fruit earning, per cents D B Lilies-of-the-valley, fruits earning, percentage C Lily-of-the-valleys, fruit D Lily-of-the-valleys, fruits 9. The producer presented his new_____film. The show took____time. 3. There____a lot of machinery in the shop and skilled workers operated____. A two-series, three hour's B two-seria, three hours C A was, them C were, it two-series, three hours' D B were, them D was, it two-series', three hour's 4. The____was shaky and he decided to go to the sec 10. The story of the magnificent____castle the guide told ondhand ____store. us about was exciting. A leg's table, furniture's A five-centuries-old B leg of the table, furniture's B five-century's-old C leg of the table, furniture C five-century-old D leg's table, furniture D five-century-old's 5. One hundred pounds_____a large sum for her and she 11. This is the_____cloakroom, and that one is for_____. decided to put the money on her____account. A ladies', gentlemen's B A was, savings B lady's, gentlemen's C was, saving's C ladies', gentlemen D lady, were, savings D gentlemen were, saving's 12. The____at the_____talks made a deep influence on 17. She was well aware of her extraordinary good looks, everybody. and was perfectly prepared to discuss_____, just as a A Minister of Foreign Trade's speech, peace's B man seven____high might talk of advantages and in Minister's of Foreign Trade' speech, peace C conveniences of being tall. Minister of Foreign Trade's speech, peaceful D A them, foot C them, feet Minister of Foreign Trade's speech, peace B it, foot D it, feet 13. The official_____is a table containing the holy days, 18. There_____enough_____to suggest that job stress may ___, and festivals of the church. increase a man's risk of dying from____disease. A Christian church calendar, saints' days B A are, evidences, hearts Christian's church calendar, saint days C B is, evidence, heart C Christian church's calendar, saint's days D is, evidence, heart's D Christian's church's calendar, saints' days are, evidence, heart 14. The most beautiful_____of carved jade in the form of 19. At its height in the early 1900s, the British Empire ornamental pieces, such as vases, bowls, tablets, and included over 20____of the_____land area and more statues, many of which are now____, were made in China. than 400____people. A specimen, museum pieces B specimens, museum pieces C A percents, world, million specimen, museum's pieces D B percent, world's, millions specimens, museum's pieces C percent, world's, million D percents, worlds', million 15. Various____of the_____are cereals, cultivated for their ____, which is used as food. 20. The_____history goes back to 1808. A species, grass family, seed A state's newspaper's B B speci, grass family, seeds state's newspaper C state C species, grass's family, seed newspaper's D state D speci, grass's family, seeds newspapers' 16. The stone identified as a_____was the first step in opening the____fields of that region, which have be come the greatest in the world. A 21-carats diamond, diamonds B 21-carat diamond, diamonds C 21-carat diamond's, diamond's D 21-carat diamond, diamond The Article 6. On the second day of our voyage, before we reached ____Zanzibar,_____ Camellia ran into ____ bad weath Test 3 er, and____most of the passengers became seasick. 1. African cheetah is believed to be______fastest ani A the, the, the, the mal on_____earth. B ____, the, ____, ____ C_____, ____, a, the A An, the, the C_____, ____, ____ D the, the, a, ____ B The, ____, ____ D The, the, ____ 2. ____most cats hunt in _____dim light, but they also 7. Until the nineteenth century,____carpet was usually con hunt in____dark and in_____daylight. sidered ____work of____art and was made by_____hand. A ____, ____, the, ____ A the, ____, ____, ____ B The, the, the, the B a, a, the, ____ C ______, ____, ____, ____ C the, a, ____, ____ D The, the, ____, the D a, ____, the, the 3. ____Captain Cook reached_____Cape of Good Hope 8. At last____war ended, but the transition from_____ in____spring of 1771 and sailed via_____St. Helena war to____peace was painful for both sides. in the South Atlantic before arriving in England in July A the, the, the C a, a, a 1771, B ____, ____, ____ D the, ____, ____ A The, the,____, the C The, ____, ____, the B ____, the, the,____ D_____, ____, the, ____ 9. ____ morning after ____ morning of_____late he has taken his walk in the same direction trying to see her 4. We must organize_____little dinner to celebrate_____ again. event. Tell her to come and see me at_____noon. A A, a, the C ____, ____, ____ We'll speak about it. B The, the, ____ D A, a, ____ A ____, an, the C the, the, ____ B a, the, the D a, the, ____ 10.____common autumn phenomenon in_____central and eastern USA and in___Europe is______Indian sum 5. She remained on_____deck until _____midnight, and mer, a period of____unseasonably warm weather ____following day she was carried up there again early that sometimes occurs in____late September and Oc in ____morning. tober. A ____,____, the, the C_____, ____, ____, ____ A The, the, the, the, the, ____ B a, the, the, the D the, the, ____, ____ B A, the, ____, the, the, the C A, ____, ____, ____, ____, the D A, the, ____, ____, ____, ____ 11. By_____late 18th century and _____Captain Cook's 16. Only____tiny percentage of_____plant species are di exploration of____southern Pacific, much of rectly used by ____ humans for _____ food, shelter, ______fiber, and drugs. world had been mapped. A ____,____, the, the C the, the, the, the A the, the, the, the B a, ____, ____, ____ D a, the, _____, the B ____, ____, ____ the C the, ____, the, the D the, ____, ____, ____ Test 4 12. In 1620, _____group of Leyden Puritans, 101 men, 1. ____ rice, wheat, corn, legumes, cotton, conifers, women and children, set out for____Virginia on_____ and tobacco are____items on which_____whole econ board ____Mayflower. omies and nations depend. A ____, the, the A the, the, the, the C a, ____, a, the B The, ____, ____ B a, ____, ____, the D a, the, a ____ C The, the, the 13. At ____zenith of their power in _____ Middle Ages D ____, the, ____ craft guilds had____enormous power over their mem bers. 2. ____tiger lives in Asia and belongs to_____same genus as ____lion, leopard, and jaguar. A ____, the, ____ C a, ____, the B the, the, an D a, the, ____ A The, the, the C_____, the, ____ B A, ____, a D The, ____, ____ 14. He was a page, that is____youth of_____noble birth who left his family at_____early age to serve in the 3. ____most of financial activities are crowded along_____ family of____man of_____rank. Threadneedle Street. A ____, the, an, a, the A The, the C_____, ____ B a, _____, an, ____, ____ B The, ____ D ____, the C the, the, the, the, the D a, a, an, a, ____ 4. The intersection is known as ____ Bank, which in cludes ____huge Bank of England complex,_____Roy 15.____dinosaur is a reptile that was_____dominant land al Exchange, and____Stock Exchange. animal during ____ most of_____ Mesozoic Era but A the, the, the, the became____extinct at its close. B ____, ____, ____, ____ A The, the, the, the, the C ____, the, ____, ____ B The, the, ____, the, ____ D the, ____, the ____ C A, a, ____, ____, ____ D A, the, the, the, the 5. The busiest shopping area is____Oxford Street, where such large department stores as ____Selfridges, 10. apple, peach, pear, and apricot trees are culti ______vated in____valleys of the region. John Lewis, and____Marks and Spencer are located. A ____, the C_____, ____ A _____, ____, _____, _____ B The, ____ D The, the B the, the, the, the C ____, ____, the, the 11. musk deer, wild sheep,______wild goats, wild don D the, the, ____, ____ keys, yaks, and_____Tibetan antelopes are common in mountainous areas. 6. ____East End, beyond_____City of London and_____ Tower, has long been____home of London's docks A ____, ____, ____ C The, the, the and immigrants. B A, ____, ____ D The, ____, the A The, the____,____ C The, the, the, the 12. On____typical summer day, the temperature can rise B ____,____, the, the D The, ____, ____, ____ from 3°C before____sunrise to 27°C by_____midday. 7. ____centre of this educational establishment is_____ A the, the, the C the, ____, ____ University of London in____Bloomsbury, founded in B a, ____, ____ D a, the, the 1836. 13.____most common material for rugs and carpets has A The, ____, the C_____, the, ____ traditionally been____sheep's wool, although in cer B The, the, ____ D_____, ____, the tain regions____goat's or camel's hair is also used. 8. It is made up of_____number of colleges, schools, A The, the, the C_____, the, the and attached institutes, which range from____Lon B The, ____, ____ D_____, ____, ____ don School of Economics and Political Science to_____ King's College and several medical schools. 14. At the end of the 16th century the first explorers of ____South Seas mapped_____southern sky, which was A the, ____, ____ C a, ____, ____ largely unknown to____ancients. B a, the, the D the, ____, the A ____, the, ____ C the, the, the 9. With_____average elevation of more than 4000 m, B ____, a, the D the, ____, ____ Tibet is the highest region on____earth sometimes called____Roof of_____World. 15. During_____ Renaissance, people thought that their A ____, the, the, the own age and ____time of_____ancient Greece and B the, ____, ____, ____ Rome were advanced and civilized. C an, the, ____, the A the, the, the C the, the, ____ D an, ____, the, the B ____, ____, ____ D ____, the, ____ 16. Because there were no____rugs or tapestries, sounds of the monks' prayers echoed from one end of the 6. ____pearl is_____abnormal growth resulting from the church to____. invasion of the body of the mollusk by ____ minute A ____, the other C the, another particle of foreign matter, such as ____ fine grain of B the, other D_____, others sand. A The, an, a, a C_____, the, ____, the Tests | B A, ____, the, ____ D The, an, the, the 1. ____East End has frequently been characterized by____ 7. ____jade has always been prized by_____Chinese and poverty, crime, and slums. Japanese as____most precious of all_____stones. A The, the C_____, ____ A The, the, the, the C The, ____, the, ____ B The, ____ D_____, the B ____,____,____, the D ____, the, the, ____ 2. The church calendar includes the fixed feasts, such as 8. Sir Henry Morgan is said to have been kidnapped at _____ Christmas, and____movable feasts, which de pend on the date of_____Easter. Bristol when____boy and sold as_____servant on_____ West Indian island of Barbados. A the, the, the C_____, ____, ____ B ____, the, ____ D the, ____, the A ____, ____, ____ C the, the, ____ B a, a, the D a, the, a 3. In 1722 several thousand Polynesians inhabited the island, but____diseases and raids by slave traders reduced_____ 9. wealth acquired from____trade enabled______up number to fewer than 200 by____late 19th century. per classes to live in____luxury. A the, the, ____ C_____, the, ____ A The, the, the, the C_____, ____, the, ____ B the, a, the D_____, the, the B ____, ____, the, the D The, the, ____, ____ 4. The island was named by_____ Dutch explorer who 10.____cotton is still a principal raw material for _____ landed here on____Easter Day in 1722. world's textile industry, but its dominant position has A the, ____ C the, the been seriously eroded by____synthetic fibers. B a, ____ D the, an A The, the, the C The, ____, ____ 5. Born in Salinas, California, Steinbeck was educated B ____, ____the D ____, the, ____ at____Stanford University. As_____youth, he worked 11.____American inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander as____ranch hand and fruit picker. Graham Bell applied for____patent on_____telephone A ____, a, a C the, the, the on the same day. B the, ____, ____ D ____, ____, a A The, a, the C_____, a, a B ____, the, the D The, the, ____ 12.____jade is_____highly valued gemstone used in ______The Pronoun jewelry. Test 6 A The, the, ____ C_____, a, ____ B ____, the, the D The, a, the 1. He closed one eye, but_____eye looked at me with a 13.____porcelain was_____first made by_____Chinese. strange expression as if he wanted to advise me of_____ A The, ____, the C_____, ____, the but was forbidden to say____. B The, the, ____ D_____, the, ____ A another, something, something B 14.____gold is extremely inactive. It is unaffected by_____ other, anything, anything C the air, heat, moisture, and____most solvents. other, something, anything D the A ____, ____, the another, anything, something B The, the, ____ C_____, ____, ____ 2. They covered_____three miles and came to a point D The, ____, ____ where they couldn't see____vegetation: ____was cov 15.____optical phenomena, such as rainbows and halos, ered with snow. occur when____light shines through cloud particles. A other, any, all A ____, ____ C The, the B another, any, everything B The, ____ D_____, the C the other, no, each D others, ____, the whole 16.____stone picked up by_____child on the banks of ____Orange River in_____South Africa in 1866 was a 3. He set____to one side, disassociating_____from what big diamond. was going forward, watching____running calmly. A ____, a, the, the A little, ____, the others B A, a, ____, ____ B a little, himself, another C_____, the, ____, the C a little, himself, the others D A, a, the, ____ D little, ____, the other 17. E-mail and______Internet are_____latest technolo gies that are spreading____American English. 4. When I met her, ____her parents had perished and A ____,____,____, the she was dependent upon____. She did not want____ B ____, the, the, ____ help and lived on____own. C The, the, the, ____ A either, her, anybody, her B any of, hers, somebody's, hers C both, herself, anybody's, her D both of, oneself, everybody, oneself 5. ____of them quite knew what she meant, but_____was 10. She goes to Cyprus ___ summer, ____ of them can sure that she could not bring____to do it. assure you of it. Shall I send you____details? A Nobody, all, her A each, every, some B B Somebody, every, oneself either, all, any C every, C No one, each, ____ everybody, any D every, D None, everybody, herself each, some 6. I phoned her____day, but she refused to tell me 11. It is so noisy that ____can hear_____. If____keeps .' talking, he will leave the room. A another, something B another, anything C the A none, anything, somebody B other, something D the nobody, something, anybody C other, anything somebody, nothing, somebody D no one, anything, anybody 7. She gave him a cold stare and told him _____sharp words. He was taken aback at this behaviour of_____. 12. There are three towers in the fortress, one with a big A quite a few, hers clock, ____are decorated with glazed tiles. _____of B such a few, her C them remained intact. so few, herself D A others, None C the others, None too few, her B the others, No D others, Neither 8. Ann and Pete were trying their best, but_____of them 13. Why are you afraid to ask for help?____of them will be was helpful. They made____attempts but_____was in glad to solve your little problem, especially Jack. He vain. is goodness____. A none, other a few, all A Everybody, himself B neither, another few, everything B Each, itself C nobody, the other few, all C Every, itself D no one, another a few, everything D Each, himself 9. It was clear he was hungry. He ate a considerable 14. She did not know what else to do. She had already had ____of fried meat _____quicker than _____and asked breakfast, put her____clothes into the suitcase, and for____helping. was standing at the window with little hope to see Al ice in this green tweed coat of____. A number, lot, others, other B amount, far, the others, another A few, hers C a lot of, herself C deal, a lot, the other, the others B a few, her D many, her D quantity, ____, anothers, an another 15. I tried to concentrate ____, but as I felt_____cold I 4. One of the reasons why so____people are to be found who could think only of a warm room with a fireplace and seem sensible and pleasant in conversation is that almost an armchair in front of it where I can settle_____. ____is thinking about what he wants to say_____rather A myself, myself, myself than about answering clearly what is being said to him. B ____, _ , ____ A few, everybody, himself C myself, ____, ____ B a few, anybody, ____ D____, ____, myself C little, nobody, himself D many, everyone, themselves 16. Colonies were ____used as sources of raw materials ____as markets for products of the home country. 5. It is more shameful to distrust____friends than to be A either, and C either, or deceived by____. B neither, or D either, nor A their, theirs C his, themselves B one's, them D our, ourselves Test7 | 6. ____action happens, but the subtle quality of the_____ 1. They stood on____side of the bed looking at the sleep events and, more crucially, the characters' feelings ing boy. His left hand was in plaster,_____clasped a about____, form the essence of the story. toy. A Few, few, themselves B A each, other C every, another Little, little, them C Few, B either, the other D either, other little, its D Little, few, them 2. Only____nations in the world export diamonds with South Africa and Russia the biggest importers, while 7. The loads imposed on a building are classified as______are far behind them. "dead" or "live". Dead loads include the weight of the A little, other C few, the others building____and_____major items of fixed equipment. B a little, the other D a few, others A both, itself, each C either, itself, all B both, ____, every D either, oneself, any 3. It refers to the ways ancient Greeks spoke, worshipped, understood the nature of the physical world____, or 8. Identification is proof of identity: ____, especially a ganized their governments, made ____livings, enter card or document, to prove that____is who he or she tained ____, and related to____who were not Greek. claims to be. A themselves, them, themselves, the others A everything, everybody B B itself, their, itself, others something, somebody C C itself, their, themselves, others anything, anybody D D themselves, ____, themselves, the other something, anybody 9. She learnt both classics and philosophy, but knows 14. He thought_____over and came to the conclusion that ____of them well. Though she can speak on_____sub it was not in____bad. ject in general. A it, himself C its, oneself A none, any C neither, either B it's, itself D it, itself B nothing, some D either, neither 15. You and I may now consider____as tete-a-tete; Sir 10.____is waiting for the signal. _____two minutes and Nicolas won't be much in our way. He hears and sees the match will begin.____players are anxious to win. ____but_____. A Everybody, Another, Every B Anybody, Some, All C A yourselves, anything, his B Everybody, Another, All the D ourselves, nothing, himself C us, All, Other, Each something, hisself D ourselves, somewhere, him 11. He was pleased with____because_____of them noticed 16. In the early part of the Modern English period the A him, nobody, anything B vocabulary was enlarged by the widespread use of one himself, any, nothing C them, part of speech for____and by increased borrowings no one, nothing D himself, from____languages. none, anything A the other, others C other ones, another 12. husband______wife were responsible for the reli B another, other gious development of theit household members. D others, another A Either, or B Neither, nor C Both, and D The Adjective & the Adverb Test8 Every, and 1. One of____games is chess, which originated in India 13. He is diligence ____. But he forgets one thing: the difference between a good worker and a bad worker or probably China. It is a game of____tradition and is that one works with his heart and ____with his is____popular. hands. A old, the oldest, international B the most A himself, the other ancient, old, internationally C the more B ____, another ancient, older, internationally D ancient, the C itself, the other D oldest, the most international himself, others 2. You know still waters run____, but____I get to know 6. The almonds, which I bought in the shop ____our him, ____ embarrassed I feel. I would like to have office, tasted_____. I threw away____half of them. ____information because I don't know what his_____ A nearly, bitterly, almost move is going to be. B near, bitter, nearly A deeply, the better, the more, farther, next B C next to, bitter, near deep, better, more, further, nearest C deeper, D by, bitterly, all but the best, the most, farther, near D deep, the better, the more, further, next 7. ____had we got out of the car_____he and his_____ brother rushed to us. It was____how they could guess 3. She did not have to change trains and went to Glas where we were going. gow ____. She felt____ and thought if Harry would be A No sooner, when, older, strange B able to meet her. But____had she stepped on the Hard, and, elder, strangely C No platform in Glasgow____she saw him with a bundle sooner, than, elder, strange D of flowers. Hardly, when, eldest, strangely A direct, lonely, hardly, when B directly, alone, hardly, than 8. There was an obvious weakness in the argument____ C more directly, lonely, no sooner, when but they were too____to admit their mistake. The D the most direct, alone, hardly,_____ most____thing was that Nick, the_____friend of theirs, did not support them. 4. ____they hurried_____it was they would be in time to A presenting, alarming, embarrassing, old see him off. They came____after his departure. B presented, alarmed, embarrassed, eldest A The more, the less obvious, short B C presented, alarmed, embarrassing, oldest The more, more obviously, shortly C D presenting, alarmed, embarrassed, elder The more, the less obvious, shortly D The most, the least obviously, short 9. It was far_____than he expected, so he made up his mind to spend twice as____money as he had wanted. 5. She opened two bottles of perfume. The perfume in A more cheaper, more B the oval bottle smelt____that reminded her of_____ more cheap, a lot C the summer; but____ had a strange smell. cheapest, the most D A so sweetly, last, latter cheaper, much B so sweet, late, the latter C such sweetly, the latest, the former D such sweet, later, last 10. This is a____task and I hope he'll cope with it. He remains 15. Yesterday I got lost in the forest. I shouted_____and ____in any circumstances. His results are always____. ____ but nobody came. Suddenly I felt somebody A challenging, calmly, pleased B watching me ____. I ran_____to the right and soon challenging, calm, pleasing C found myself near the spring, which was_____to my challenged, calm, pleased D home. This was the most____experience 1 had ever challenged, calmly, pleasing had. 11. When he saw them standing_____to each other, he A loudly, longly, close, fastly, closely, excited B laughed____as though a weight had been lifted from loudly, long, closely, fast, close, exciting C loud, him. But his wife cut him____saying his laughter was long, close, quickly, close, exciting D loud, not to the point. longer, close, quick, closely, excitement A closely, joyfully, shortly B close, joyful, short 16. Many fruits taste_____and delicious, and have the ad C closely, joyful, short vantage of being relatively_____in calories and_____in D close, joyfully, short nutrients. 12. Why is he backing out? It is not____. He earns as____ A sweetly, lower, highly money as I do, and maybe even a lot____than we both. B sweet, low, high A fairly, much, much C more sweet, more low, more high B fair, much, more C D sweeter, much more low, much more high fair, more, many D fairly, many, much 17. The most ____accepted theory of the origin of the universe proposed that a huge explosion set____all 13.____after she left the village, she felt too tired to go the matter and energy in the universe. any____. She took a nap lying____on the grass. A wide, free A Shortly, further, flat B B widely, freely Shortly, farther, flatly C C wide, freely Short, further, flat D D widely, free Short, farther, flatly 14. To the____,____child this task would be_____. 18. During the French and Indian War, several colonies A brighter, more advanced, challenged B more had refused to cooperate____in the war effort when bright, the most advanced, challenging C the their own borders were not____at risk. most bright, the most advanced, challenged D A in full, immediately B brighter, more advanced, challenging fully, immediately C in fully, immediate D full, immediate 19. The task of drafting the declaration fell to Jefferson, 2. Pencil marks,_____those made by writing implements who was known for his____style. using fluids, can be ____erased. A powerfully written A different, easily B powerful written B not like, easy C powerful writing D powerfully writing C unlike, easily D unlike, easy 20. These colonies stayed____to the coastline, never pen etrating far inland, and in fact each was linked____to 3. The name mountain is usually applied to region of land England than to the other colonies. that is raised rather____above the surrounding ter A close, more closely B rain. Temperatures in the mountains are generally____ closely, closely C than at sea level. closely, more closely D A highly, much low B high, close, more closer far lower C high, a lot more lower D highly, more lower 21. Although the British considered the act to be____, many American colonists saw it as a violation of their rights. 4. Mr Rochester, as he sat in his damask-covered chair, A perfect fair B looked____to what I had seen him look before—not perfectly fairly C quite so____, ____. perfect fairly D A differently, stern, much gloomy B perfectly fair differently, sternly, much more gloomy C different, stern, much less gloomy D 22.____a land bridge between two continents, Panama different, stern, much more gloomier developed plant and animal life____than almost any where else on Earth. 5. Computerized tests adapt to the skill level of the indi A As, more diverse C Like, diverselier vidual test-taker. Each correct answer given by a stu B Being, diversely D As, diversely dent is followed by a____question, and incorrect an swers are followed by___questions. ______the ques Test9 tion, ____points the student can score. A more difficult, less difficult, The more difficult, 1. He was a____promising student in Maths and Physics the more at Cambridge and always felt a lingering interest in the B less difficult, less difficult, More difficult, more ___ subject. C more difficult, more difficult, More difficult, the most A very, last C highly, latter D more difficult, less difficult, The more difficult, B ____, latest D quite, later the most 6. According to legend, Fuji arose from the plain during 10. The structural design of a building depends ____on a single night in 286 BC. ____the mountain is _____ the nature of the soil and____geologic conditions and than the legend asserts. modification by man of____of these factors. A From a geological point of view, far more old B A essentially, underlied, both Geologically, a lot elder B mainly, underlying, any C From a geological point of view, quite more older C greatly, underlying, either D Geologically, much older D in the shortly run, underlying, every

7. All members of the cat family are____in physical char 11. Books differ from periodicals and newspapers because acteristics, ____vision and hearing, and claws and they are not published on a_____schedule. teeth that are____for grasping and tearing. A strictly daily, weekly, or monthly B A closely similarly, acutely, highly adapting B strict day, week, or month C strictly close similar, acute, high adapting C closely day's, week's, or month's D strict similar, acute, highly adapted D close similar, daily, weekly, or monthly acute, high adapted 12. In the_____1990s several companies introduced elec 8. The islands were named after British explorer and nav tronic books, or e-books. These_____devices display igator James Cook, who____sighted them in 1773. the text of books on a small screen designed to make reading____. A firstly C at first A late, computerized, easily B B first last, computerizing, easily C D at the first late, computerized, easy D latest, computerizing, easily 9. Unlike the_____regulated and financed education sys tems of many other industrialized societies, American 13. People have_____climbed mountains for_____activities public education is____the responsibility of the states such as retrieving lost animals and hunting, but tech and____school districts. nical climbing as a sport has a much____history. A nation's, firstly, individually A for long, necessarily day, shorter B B national, chiefly, individual long, necessary daily, shorter C longly, C nationally, primarily, individual necessary daily, shorter D long, D nation, mainly, individually necessarily day's,-more shorter 14. It used to be said that oil-exporting countries depended C Particular, clear, to regulate D on the oil-importing countries just as____as the_____ In particular, evident, regular depended on the____. A much, latter, former B 19. The various islands gained their independence . much, last, first C the same, and not always____, units. first, former D great, latter, A like separate, viably B first as separate, viable C as separately, viably D like 15. She stretched herself out_____on the sofa and looked separate, viable at the barometer. She knew that____falling pressure usually meant a storm was approaching. 20. The____and most rural sections of Missouri are the A flat, rapid C flat, rapidly Ozark Upland and the north central section of the B flatly, rapidly D flatly, rapid Northern Plains. A most thinly populated 16. Although some ____cigars are made _____by hand, B most thin populating C most cigars are manufactured by machine. most thinly populating D A highly-quality, entirely mostly thin populated B high-quality, entire C highly-quality, entire 21. The first schools in the area were opened by French D high-quality, entirely settlers at St. Louis in the____part of the 18th centu ry- 17.____, the results presented were not in accord with the A later C late ____precise calculations. B latter D latest A Interestingly enough, rather B Interesting enough, prettily 22. The words cloth and clothing are related,_____meaning C Enough interestingly, rather fabric or textile, and____meaning fabrics used to cover D Enough interesting, pretty the body. 18. high mountain ranges, such as the Sierra Ne A the first, the latter B the vada in the U.S., the Andes in South America, and former, the latter C the the Himalayas in Asia,____affect climate and weath former, the second D the er patterns over vast areas of the earth because they first, the later stand as barriers to____circulating air masses. A Enough, distinctly, regular B Especially, markedly, regularly The Verb C has coined, have felt, had participated, was ex- pressed Test 10 I D was coined, felt, were participating, had been ex- pressed 1. A man who____in the compartment said that the place ____by a passenger who_____out to the diner. 5. It____that as a result of emigration and other fac A was sitting, is taken, went B sat, tors, such as war losses and temporary decline in fertili had been taken, has gone C was ty, the population____ by about 5 per cent between sitting, was taken, had gone D had mid-1974 and 1977. The years since 1974 also_____by been sitting, had taken, went an increase in persons leaving the island in search of work, especially in the Middle East. 2. I cannot make up my mind if I_____them till I_____ A has been estimated, decreased, have been marked when they____. B estimated, had decreased, mark C has estimated, A join, will find out, leave B will join, has decreased, have marked D was estimated, was find out, will be leaving C will join, will decreased, was marked find out, are leaving D would join, would find out, will leave 6. Raphael's greatest work, "The School of Athens",_____ in the Vatican at the same time that Michelangelo_____ 3. Cyprus_____on major migration routes for birds, and on the Sistine Chapel. in spring and autumn many millions ____ through. Many species also____on the island, A had been being painted, worked B was painted, was working C was A is lying, are passing, will winter painting, had worked D has been B lies, pass, winter painted, was working C is lying, pass, wintered D has lain, have passed, have been wintering 7. You_____nothing unless you_____a microscope. It is 4. The term Middle Ages____by scholars in the 15th the most interesting specimen I____. century to designate the interval between the downfall A see, don't use, ever see B will see, of the classical world of Greece and Rome and its re don't use, have ever seen C will see, discovery at the beginning of their own century, a use, have ever seen D won't see, revival in which they____they_____. Indeed, the no won't use, ever saw tion of a long period of cultural darkness_____by Petrarch even earlier. 8. Do you see a couple in the corner? Their dessert_____ A coined, had felt, participated, had expressed now. As soon as they____it, we_____their table. B is coined, feel, are participating, has been expressed A is served, finish, will take B is serving, will finish, take C is being served, finish, will take C Were you ever been, was, was D has been served, will have finished, will take D Had you ever been, had been, had been 9. What's the matter?____? — Yes, my mother____bad 14. Provided the dam ____by February, the flood ____ ly ill since yesterday. several towns. A Have you cried, is A was built, will have struck B B Have you been crying, has been has not been built, will strike C C Did you cry, was won't be built, will be striking D D Are you crying, had been won't have been built, strikes 15. When I_____to Riga, it was cold, a stiong northern 10. Where_____to? — My mother_____me to go to the wind ____and it _____for a fortnight. post office because they____a break in half an hour. A parcel____to us. A came, blew, was raining B had come, had been blowing, had rained C came, was A are you going, has asked, will be having, has sent blowing, had been raining D was coming, had B do you go, asked, would have, was sent blown, was raining C are you go, asked, will have had, is sent D are you going, has asked, will have, has been sent 16. In 1963 fiber-tip markers_____into the U.S. market and since then____the ballpoint as the principal writ 11. She said that by the time you____to him for help they ing implement. ____the greater part of their research. A were introduced, had challenged B A had turned, will do B turn, had introduced, challenged C were will have done C turned, introduced, have challenged D were would have done D had introduced, challenged turned, would do 17. The fishing industry, which traditionally____under 12. The librarian said that she____me another book unless developed, ____. I____the one which I_____several weeks before. A had been, is expanding B A would not give, did not return, had taken has been, had expanded C is, B will not give, have returned, took had been expanding D has C would not give, returned, had taken been, is expanding D would not have given, did not return, had taken 18. China_____the technology of silk production secret; 13.____to London? — Yes, I_____there when there _ the ancient Greeks speculated that silk____on a spe an exhibition of our goods cial tree in China. A Have you ever been, was, was A had kept, would grow B Have you ever been, have been, was B kept, grew C would keep, had grown 5. He____to make enemies as his business_____and he D was keeping, grow ____more powerful. Test 11 A began, was developing, was growing B had begun, is developing, is growing C has 1. Because they are relatively durable and portable, books begun, had developed, had grown D was ____for centuries to preserve and distribute informa beginning, developed, grew tion. 6. Dictionary-making, since computers______the routine A are used B are out of it, ____fun. being used C are A have taken, has been becoming been using D have B had taken, has become been used C took, has become 2. They____married for seven years when their first son D are taking, had become 7. We____to give refunds on articles of clothing that A have been, was born B . had been, was born C had A can't, have been worn B are been, had been born D were, unable, are wearing C can't, are had been born being worn D are unable, have 3. Unless special actions_____, the case____. been worn A won't be taken, will be lost B 8. I felt I____, but there was nobody in the sight. will be taken, is lost C are taken, A had watched B was will be lost D aren't taken, is lost watched C was being 4. The first English colony in North America_____by the watched D had been Pilgrims, who ___ from the English city of Plymouth watching in the Mayflower and ____in Massachusetts Bay in 9. Look at him! He____the same clothes for years. 1620. A wears A was founded, had sailed, had landed B B has been wearing was found, sailed, landed C had been C had worn found, sailed, landed D was founded, D had been wearing sailed, landed 10. Coal plants __ one of the worst industrial polluters since the Industrial Revolution____in the 19th century. A had been, began B were, had begun C have been, began C had been planning, he would break, he would D were, have begun speak, asked D was planning, he would break, he would speak, 11. Rapid changes in technology in the last several decades would ask ____the nature of culture and cultural exchange. A changed B 16. The afternoon was the longest Grace ____. She ____ have changed C for Tom. had changed D A ever knew, was waiting change B had ever known, was waiting C ever knew, was expecting 12. The train____just as he_____the station. D had ever known, was expecting A came, reached B had come, reached C came, 17. Every year for sixteen years, since Ted_____three and had reached D has Caroline one, it____the Christmas Eve custom of the come, reached Carters' to hang up their children's stockings and fill them with inexpensive toys. 13. He has said that____me if I____easily to do it by myself. A was, was C had been, was A would not help, was able B was, had been D had been, had been B would not help, would be able C will not help, am able D will 18. How_____the citizens of Babylon or Ur actually_____ not help, will be able their bills, however, depended on who____. 14. I think we_____it on the shelf for Daddy to see when A did, pay, were they B ____, paid, they were he____home from work. C did, pay, they were A will put, will come B D____, paid, were they will put, comes C put, comes D put, will come The Verbal 15. All the way home he ____ his tactics; how_____the news to her, how____in puzzles until she_____him to' Test 12 | let her have the whole story. A had been planning, would he break, would he 1. He stood beside a bush of pale roses____the last bees speak, asked B was planning, would he break, ____into the hive. He seemed not_____attention to would he speak, Ann's cry. would ask A watching, to crawl, to pay B having watched, to be crawling, to be paying C watched, crawl, paid D watching, crawling, to have paid C to have been finishing, to go, to work D 2. I heard Uncle Henry____something to Paul. To my to be finishing, be going, be working astonishment he seemed____what had happened to 7. He is afraid_____to Mrs. Priestly. In his place I would me. Then he let me____to my room. rather____her. He may depend on her_____the prob A to whisper, to ask, to go B lem properly. whisper, ask, go C whisper, to be asking, go D A of speaking, trusting, understanding whispering, asking, going B to speak, trust, understanding C of speaking, to trust, understanding D to 3. breakfast on dry bread and______in his pocket an speak, to trust, to understand other piece of bread____for dinner, he settled him self at a desk of the reading room. He looked forward to__his first book. 8. Let her_____it herself. She is considered_____a care ful researcher and can't stand_____. A Having, carrying, serving, take A do, being, to be helped B B Having had, having carrying, to serve, take to do, to be, to help C C Having had, carrying, to serve, taking doing, being, helping D do, D Having, carried, serving, having taken to be, being helped 4. Don't you remember____me at the Browns' last-sum mer? We used_____at their place every Friday. 9. On____that she had just come in, he sent a maid to A to see, to meet C to see, meeting her room____her to go down though he realized that B seeing, meeting D seeing, to meet it was no use____to her again. 5. After____a few pages I felt like_____a break; I was eager____so I laid my work aside for a time A telling, asking, to speak B being told, to ask, speaking A writing, having, to stroll C having told, to have asked, to have spoken B having writing, have, strolling D being having told, to ask, speaking C written, having, to stroll D I have written, to have, strolling 10.____her about my problems I was ashamed_____such 6. You look rather tired. You are unlikely____the work a great mistake and did not mind____the subject but in time. You had better_____ home now. It is not she kept____about my family and me. worth____for another several hours. A Having told, at having made, changing, talking A to have finished, going, working B B To have told, to make, to change, to talk to finish, go, working C Telling, to have made, to have changed, on talking D On telling, making, having changed, be talking 11. She heard his voice_____.____that he was at the break ing point, she made him____in one of the comforta C wave, hearing, driving ble chairs close to the fire. A have trembled, Feeling, to sit B D to wave, having heard, to be driving tremble, Feeling, sitting C tremble, Feeling, sit D Test 13 | trembling, Felt, sit 1. On the last night of my restraint, I was awakened_____ 12. Remember_____them tomorrow. They are said______my own name____in a whisper. from their voyage. I'd rather____them in a couple of days. A to hear, having spoken B by hearing, spoken A phoning, to be returning, meet C having heard, to speak B to phone, to have returned, meet D on hearing, to be spoken C to phone, to have been returning, to meet D phoning, to return, meeting 2. It is silly of me, but I'd rather they____Aubrey. A did not prosecute C would not prosecute 13. He was made_____the town and did not want to spend B not prosecuted D will not prosecute the last money____an apartment in the suburbs; this unexpected offer of shelter was too tempting _____. 3. Robert hated____Simon_____he couldn't answer any A leaving, to rent, to resist of his questions. B to leave, on renting, to be resisted A to let, to know C to let, knowing C leave, on having rent, to resist B letting, to know D letting, know D to have left, to have rented, being resisted 4. As a result, the British gave up ____India and fo 14. I can't help_____grateful to him for all he has done cused ____efficiently while_____in tandem with tradi for me. I've got used____care of me. tional elements of Indian society. A to be, him to take C being, to his taking A trying to anglicize, on governing, work B a B be, his to take D having been, him taking try to anglicize, to govern, working C trying to 15. "I think you ought to do something to your hair. Why anglicize, on governing, working D to try don't you have it____?" I asked. But Alice did not anglicizing, at governing, work appear____me. She was going to the airport with Erick____the car back. 5. The damage____to the house was extensive and he got A waving, to hear, to have driven B them____for it. waved, to have heard, to drive A having made, pay B done, to pay C having done, pay D made, to pay 6. ____the plains the chief pleasure to which I looked fonvard to was____my pony every day. 11. Colonists appear_____the game to North America in A While crossing, to ride B the 17th century and that meant____new golf links. Crossing, ride C To cross, to A to bring, opening ride D Cross, riding B to bring, to open 7. ____a picture, most of us look_____what our main C to have brought, opening subject is doing, or whether everyone in the group D to have brought, to open fits into the viewfinder. 12. He had her ____her name on a registration list and A Having taken, on seeing B ____a seat in the waiting room until the nurse got a When taking, to see C Taken, chance____her out. to see D Taking, to seeing A write, take, to check B 8. He made her____several times that she would never writing, taking, checked C breathe a word about it, and finally, with many pauses to write, to take, to check D and many groans, he let her____the whole wretched write, taking, checking story. 13. The pre-1914 gold standard is considered by many_____ A promise, to know C to promise, know the golden age of international monetary arrangements B to promise, to know D promise, know at the beginning of the 20th century. 9. A Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk, was marooned on one of the islands between 1704 and 1709, and his A to be C being experiences are supposed____the novel Robinson Cru B to have been D having been soe, by Daniel Defoe. 14. I only know that when a child of seven I was the A to inspire C to have inspired proud owner of a pony and used to____riding with B to be inspired D to have been inspired papa. I was not afraid of____at all. 10. At the beginning of the year, when supplies were plen A go, to fall C go, falling tiful and the army could be led into the field, the king B going, falling D going, to fall made up his mind____into Saxony and to hold there a general assembly, as he was used to____every year 15. The slave____some very smart as well as impressive in Francia. things in reply to his master. A to go, do C going, do A made to say C was made to say B to go, doing D going, doing B was made saying D made saying 16. The Greeks seem____papyrus as early as the begin ning of the 5th century BC. A to know C to have been knowing B to have known D to have being known Test 14 C Laying, to notice their gossiping D Laid, to notice them to gossip 1. You don't expect a man____more than the first three 6. They were considering where____the money, as they lines of the first verse, and____these until it is time to were afraid of____. begin the chorus. A to hide, to be robbed B to A to never remember, to keep on repeating B hide, of being robbed C will never remember, keeping to repeat C to hiding, to be robbed D never not remember, to keep repeating D will hiding, of being robbed remember, having kept repeating 7. She risks____everything if she follows his advice. It is 2. Though she showed no sign____, I was sure she re not worth____. sented ____the centre of attraction. A to lose, taking B A to offend, him to be B to be losing, to take C offended, his to be C of losing, taking D to offending, his being D of being lose, to take offended, his being 8. I can't help_____at his meanness. He again decided 3. They tried their best_____solutions to the problem, against____his old aunt. He says he can't afford_____ but finally they suggested____the building and .offered so much money on medicine. ____us. A surprising, to help, to spend A to find, restoring, to help B B being surprised, helping, to spend finding, to restore, helping C C to be surprised, helping, spending finding, to restore, to help D to D to surprise, to help, spending find, restoring, help 9. Bill continued____the old man faithfully,_____in his will. 4. I don't feel like____him. He is said_____an attempt to A serving, hope to remember B to get in touch with Ann last month. serve, hoping to be remembered C A to see, to have made B serving, hope to be remembered D to seeing, to have made C serve, with a hope remembering to see, to make D seeing, to make 10. Rain forests also play a critical role in global climate regulation ____ carbon dioxide, a gas _____partially 5. ____the table she pretended not_____about Martha. responsible for global warming. A Having laid, noticing them to gossip A absorbing, is believed to be B B Laying, noticing their gossiping by absorbing, believed to be C having absorbed, believed to be ' 16. Written American English also has a tendency_____ D absorb, is believing to be more rigid in matters of grammar and syntax, but at 11. Grace sat_____for a few minutes, then got her heavy- the same time appears____more tolerant of the use of coat and went down_____at the cottage. neologisms. A to think, looking A being, being B thinking, to look C to be, being C having thought, having seen B to be, to be D think, look D being, to be 12. She remembered____at the remark. A to be surprised C surprising Modal Verbs B to surprise D being surprised Test 15 13.____of the Cape Colony from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars allowed the British ____ a strong 1. It's because of Tom that we____late. We_____on an presence in southern Africa. earlier train, A Acquiring, establishing B The A could have been, should agree acquisition, to establish C Having B would be, can't agree C may acquired, establishing D Acquired, be, ought to have agreed D must to establish be, can't have agreed 14. As a result, the British gave up_____India and fo 2. Granny evidently_____us, that's why we _____knock cused ____efficiently. loudly before she opened the door. A to try anglicizing, to govern B A did not hear, had to trying anglicizing, on governing C B must not have heard, must trying to anglicize, on governing D C may not hear, were to trying anglicizing, to govern D might not have heard, should 15. Native art seems____during the period of English dom ination in the 19th century. 3. I pity her because she____that she has acted wrong. She____it to everybody. A to disappear B being disappeared A must feel, must not have said B C disappearing may feel, ought not have said C can't D to have disappeared have felt, needn't say D must be feeling, shouldn't have said 4. Where is Kate? She______. She has told me to come C must have changed, may have phoned D may at 5. — She____on the balcony, that's why she have changed, ought to have phoned your call. 9 I ___ the work so carelessly. _____ I do it again? — A can't go away, may sunbathe, can't have heard B can't ha\e gone away, must be sunbathing, can't hear C Yes, it____by noon. must not go away, need to sunbathe, should not hear D A can't do, Will, must be doing should not go away, could have sunbathed, must not B can't have done, Shall, must be done have heard C must not have done, May, may have done D must not do, Will, must have been done 5. I_____to the beach. The sea was rough and no one dared____. 10. We____at seven, but I_____come here in time. I think he____till I came. A needn't have gone, to swim B needn't go, swimming C A had to meet, couldn't have, may wait B were to can't have gone, swim D meet, was not able, should have waited C were to couldn't go, to swim have met, couldn't, might have waited D had to have met, might not have, should wait 6. We_____meet Jack tomorrow. — You_____to him of 11. Why are you so upset? She____the dates. — She_____ the matter long ego. Why keep him in the dark? about our meeting. She fixed the day and time herself. A should, must have spoken B A could have mixed up, might not have forgotten have to, may speak C are to, B may have mixed up, couldn't have forgotten should have spoken D might, C is able to mix up, can't forget need to speak D must mix up, was not able to forget 7. He_____golf well, but today he_____it because he has 12. You____in their conversation. You_____silent when a backache. they were talking. A is not to play, can do A don't need to interfere, should keep B can't B can play, is unable to do have interfered, may keep C needn't have C ought not to play, should have done interfered, should have kept D don't have to D might have played, must not have done interfere, could have kept 8. You____at the wrong station, that's why it took you 13.____he have got into an accident? He is such a careful so long to get here. I____you yesterday to explain driver. — But other drivers are not. Somebody_____ everything to you in more detail. into his car. A may change, ought to phone B A Can, may have crashed B must have changed, may phone May, should have crashed C Must, must have crashed D Should, might have crashed 3 You____have a right to such very strong local attach ment. You____at Longbourn. 14. When I came up to the post office, it was closed. I____a bit earlier. A cannot, cannot have always lived B must not, must not have always lived C should A can't have come C has to come not, should not always lived D may not, B must have come D ought to have come ought not always live 15. Your face seems familiar to me. We_____somewhere. 4. They ____an hour ago. That they _____without ill A should have met C must meet consequence is least probable. B must have met D should meet A had to come, should meet B 16. Washing dirty dishes and bathing in a stream, riv must have come, ought meet C er, or Jake ____pollute water systems and______be had come, must have met D were avoided. to come, might have met A can, should C must, must 5. We never____to allow our instincts of justice to de B may, ought D should meet generate into mere revenge. A should C have Test 16 | B are D ought 6. It is one of Harris's fixed ideas that he_____a comic L She guessed she____an allergic reaction, buf she had song; the fixed idea, on the contrary, among those of no idea what she was reacting to — she'd never had allergies before, either. Harris's friends who have heard him try, is that he ____, and never____, and that he____to try. A ought to have B must be having C may have been A must have sung, must not, will have to, should not having D should have had allow B can sing, can't, will be able to, ought not to be 2. Some of my father's friends in Springfield had given allowed C will be able to sing, should not, must him a bottle of good old brandy, which he agreed to not, should drink at a certain hour of this day looking to the east, not be allowed D should, shouldn't, shouldn't, while his friends in Illinois____a toast to his success must not be allowed from a companion bottle with their faces turned west, the difference in time being carefully estimated. 7. If we had not known it was a funny song, we____. A must drink C were to drink A might have wept B B had to drink D must have drunk could not have wept C should weep D must weep 8.______I 14. Vou ____to prepare the room for our guests. They had no accurate idea of the time, for I ______my ____arrive tomorrow or the day after. watch, but I thought we____about four hours ago. A was unable to see, had to start A must, must C can, can B could not see, must have started C B may, may D need, may did not see, would have started D was 15. You____to see your sister when she was in trouble. not able to see, would start Brother and sister____care of each other. 9.You______for anyone more regular than Peters. A might have gone, should take B A must not have asked must go, ought to take C must B should not C couldn't have gone, should take D could have asked D must not go, ought take 10.______He my mother, and all his brothers 16. They____us for all we have done for them! quarrelled A might have thanked B with him because he did. must have thanked C A must not marry B must may thank D can have not have married C should thanked not marry D did not have to marry 11. It was impossible to get there. The police_____drivers Subjunctives & Conditionals of thick mist and blowing snow. Test 17 A can have warned C ought have warned B might have warned D must have warned 1. I felt sorry for Jane. If anybody____such a thing to 12. I_____hard from morning till night. I_____our debts. me, I ____hurt. A must work, may pay A would say, felt B should have worked, might have paid B said, would feel C am to have worked, could have paid C had said, would feel D have to work, ought to pay D will say, will feel 13. Why are you crying? I____you about that 2. The orders are that three of you____here, the rest A need not have told ____to the city centre. B must not have told C cannot have told D A will stay, will go B might not have told should stay, should go C would stay, would go D stay, to go . He____differently, if he_____an answer two days ago 9. He behaves as if nothing____. But he forgets it is very A will act, was given important that he____a chance of going there. B would act, were given A has happened, will take B C would have acted, would have been given had happened, take C was D would have acted, had been given happened, should take D 4. Who was the first to suggest____the research, I can happened, takes not well remember. 10. If she ____half an hour earlier, she _____to see him A him to do C that he will do before the departure. He was eager to say good-bye to B that he do D that he would do her. A came, would be able 5. "I wish I_____your health and vitality. I_____a new B would come, was able life for myself," she said with a smile. C would have come, would have been able A had, would make D had come, would have been able B would have, made C have, will have made 11. It is desirable that she_____at the conference. Our D was having, would have made director demands that everybody____at 3 o'clock. A is present, comes 6. Don't help my son, please. I ____ rather he _____ B will be present, will come supper himself. He is an excellent cook. C be present, come A would, will cook C would, cooked D would be present, would come B had, cooks D had, had cooked 12. You were not attentive. If you_____so nervous, you 7. He wished he ____ her the money. She never re ____much better and_____so many mistakes turned it. A had not been, would have spoken, wouldn't have A had lent C did not lend made B hadn't lent D lent B were not, would speak, wouldn't make C wouldn't have been, had spoken, hadn't made D 8. If I_____you, I_____him. It's high time you_____his wouldn't be, spoke, didn't make advice. 13.____ his letter, his life_____. I wish he____anything. A were, would contact, would take B had been, would have contacted, would have taken A Would the newspaper not print, wouldn't have ru- C am, will contact, will take ined, had written D were, would contact, took B Had the newspaper not printed, wouldn't have ru- ined, hadn't written C Had the newspaper not have printed, wouldn't ruin, 19. Parliament ordered that the customs office ____the wrote D If the newspaper should not have taxes more efficiently. printed, hadn't A would collect C collect ruin, hadn't written B collects D collected 14. He speaks to me as though he____something on his 20. National parks request that visitors____wild animals. mind. It's time he____and_____everything to us. A not feed C would not feed A had had, had come, had explained B had, came, explained B did not feed D do not feed C has, will come, will explain D had, should come, should explain Test 18

15. to the hustle and bustle of the city life, my annoy 1. Since they were new to town and didn't yet have a ance ____. doctor, Matthew insisted that she_____a taxi to the A If I would return, would be over B nearest hospital outpatient clinic. Should I return, would be over C Would I return, would have been over D If I had A would take C took returned, had been over B take D takes 2. I pretended not to be interested in what they said, and 16. Some simple vending machines require that the exact amount of money for a particular item____. treated them as if I____their speaking. A will insert C be inserted A would not have understood B had not understood C did B should insert D will be inserted not understand D do not 17.____themselves at Victoria or Vancouver they understand ______3. He wished they____his embarrassment at the moment themselves a large amount of money. she was introducing him. A Had the miners outfitted, would have saved B A hadn't noticed B would Should the miners have outfitted, would have saved C have noticed C would not If the miners outfitted, would have saved D If the have noticed D didn't notice miners had outfitted, should save 4. At first, when we began to laugh, the expression of his 18. Inspector Strickland, like myself, was suffering from face was one of intense surprise; as if laughter_____the a severe attack of bronchitis, which threatened to be very last thing he had expected to be greeted with. come chronic if it____immediately relieved, A was C had been A were not C had been B were D would be B would not be D would not have been 5. If only enough money____to tide over the present evil 11. The sellers demanded that payment____within five day, all ____well. days. A must be earned, might be B A were made B was earned, must have been C would be made C were earned, should be D might should be made D is be earned, might be made 6. Even if I_____down there in the middle of the night, 12. Put down the address lest you____it, I____my way all over that little town. A would forget B A would be put, would be able to find should forget C B was put, could have found should not forget D C were put, could find would not forget D had been put, would be able to find 13. If I were you, I_____it_____yesterday. 7. But for his provisions they____of hunger. A would wish, had been done B A have died C would have died would have wished, had been done C B had died D would die wished, would have been done D had wished, would be done 8. They considered it necessary that she____out-of-doors 14. The teacher required that everyone_____the meeting. after 10 o'clock. A attend C would attend A would not be C were not B attends D to attend B be not D is not 15.____, they would lose everything. 9. But, lest you____, if I____home by ten, don't expect me. A Would the contract be terminated B Should the contract be terminated A are alarmed, don't B would be C Had the contract been terminated alarmed, wouldn't come C were D Could the contract be terminated alarmed, hadn't come D should be alarmed, don't come 16. If mother____him to the skating rink in his child hood, he____two times Olympic champion. 10. We____the train if we_____faster. A didn't take, would never have become A would catch, had walked B had B hadn't taken, would never have become caught, would have walked C would C wouldn't take, had never become D have caught, had walked D would have wouldn't have taken, had never become caught, walked 17. But for your help we_____in time. 3 A little house stood_____the corner of the street._____ A hadn't finished C should not have finished a distance it seemed white and pink because____the B would not finish D didn't finish bushes of roses surrounding it. 18. I_____anything for this not to have happened. A at, In, ____ C at, At, of A would have given C will give B on, On, from D in, From, ____ B have given D give 4. A mountain river rushed____the bottom of the valley 19. Missouri now requires that all children ages 7 to 16 and the whistling of a train was heard____the far ____in school. distance. A shall enroll C will enroll A at, in C in, from B should enroll D enrolled B on, at D under, for 20. A young woman____odd if she_____the clothing that 5. Four cottages with cheerful green and white windows her grandmother had worn when young. stood____an open place_____the big trees. A would look, wore B would A at, between C at, beneath look, had worn C would have B in, among D on, under looked, wore D looked, would wear 6. I am glad I've explained____you reasons_____chang ing and hope you are not angry____me any longer. A ____, of, with C for, for, to The Preposition B to, for, with D ____, of, ____ Test 19 7. They decided to go____their car, and I was looking 1. He was very fond_____his sister and meant always to ____our trip _____all my heart. take care____her. She was glad_____his company too. A by, upon, by B in, A of, of, with C of, of, of forward, with C into, B for, for, of D with, for, for to, at D in, forward to, with 2. He was very kind_____me, and took a great deal of notice____me, and paid a good deal of attention_____ 8. She smiled_____me and said, "I don't mind___or me and at last he proposed____me. ganizing the party if he has no objections____giving A to, of, to, to C towards, to, to, ____ it." B of, for, for, at D of, with, towards, for A at, to, ____ C for, from, upon B to, ____, to D at, ,___, for 9. Mary shook hands____a tall stout man sitting_____the chair____the piano and introduced him_____me. 14 He explained____me that a great deal might depend A with, on, beside, to my being able to answer____a few questions that B to, in, at, for I maybe was not used____answering. C for, into, near, ____ A to, upon, to, ___ D with, in, at, for B ____, on, _____, for C to, on, ____, to 10.____my opinion, he was always a little ahead_____ D for, of, for, to me. But he was a snob: he was always interested_____, and envious____those who had some sort of social 15. The Minister in charge____medical research, in re position. ply ____questions, said, "We do not know the cause ____this new illness. We must find a way_____curing A From, of, ____, for it, and there is a need____research. We must not act B In, of, in, of ____a hurry. This is an international problem, and C On, from, in, ____ we cannot act____ourselves." D For, for, of, to A for, to, of, for, for, in, by 11. They met_the British Museum and soon were en B of, to, of, of, for, in, by C gaged ____examining its intensive collections; they had over, of, of, to, for, in, by D often visited the Museum, but that did not prevent of, to, of, for, in, at, with them____being surprised____the richness of the Egyp tian collection. 16 He possessed a profound understanding of human na A in, ____, ____, by C near, by, from, with ture that was matched____a brilliant technique—not B at, in, from, at D close to, on, ____, in only____painting but also_____drawing. 12.____the whole, he never said much to me, but he A with, with, with C with, in, in was never harsh____me. I don't remember his ever B by, by, by D by, with, in shouting____me. 17. His work made an enormous impact____his contem A For, at, to C On, with, at poraries and influenced ____the style of many later B In, to, at D On, by, ____ artists. 13. He glanced ____ Mrs. Fang again. At that moment A on, on C on, ____ the lady old picked____her spoon again and helped B by, ___ D with, on herself____the cherry jam. 18. Ireland is famous____its contributions_____world lit A on, ____, with C at, ____, ____ erature. B to, up, by D at, up, to A for, in C for, to B of, of D as, for 19. A prime minister is appointed by the president 5. Though the air was smoky ____ forest fires, in spite ______considerable rainy weather_____late, I tried some nomination by the lower house. The government is photographic work. responsible____the lower house of the national legis A from, ____, ____ C of, _____, for lature. B from, of, of D with, of, ____ A after, to C on, for B with, for D before, before 6. The steamer arrived_____Thunder Bay early_____the morning, and so ended the first half of our journey Test 20 from Toronto to Fort Garry;____rail ninety-four miles, ____steamboat five hundred and thirty miles. 1. He knew Don Rodrigo only____sight and_____reputa A in, in, by, on C at, in, by, by tion, and had never had anything to do ___him, B to, in, by, by D to, ____, on, on beyond bowing his head____the few occasions when he had met him. 7. He took no notice_____her, and so at last she spoke A on, by, with, in ____him_____her friendly manner. B by, on, about, on A for, with, with C from, with, by C by, by, with, on B of, to, in D of, with, with D in, on, ____, with 8. According_____the National Golf Foundation, which 2. It is so overwhelming that it can leave virtually every keeps statistics_____courses and players, more than body system____a state of collapse, and so ferocious one____ten Americans now play the game. that a patient can be dead_____minutes despite_____ A to, on, in C to, of, from the best medical treatment. B with, about, of D with, for, among A in, in, of C with, through, of B in, in, ____ D by, via, ____ 9. Seven_____our United States are vitally interested_____ the great Colorado River which has a length of more 3. The demand____passage was so great that old and than 1,700 miles and the phenomenal fall of 10,000 undersized ships were pressed____service. feet____its head waters in the Rocky Mountains and A of, in C for, onto its mouth in the Gulf of California. B on, on D for, into A from, in, among C in, with, among B of, in, between D ____, by, between 4. She went and stood____him and watched_____him a few moments____her cold way. 10. She was named____her grandmother. A near, for, with C close to, with, in A to C for B about, ____, by D beside, ____, in B with D from 11. Let us appeal____reason. These facts speak in favour ture, and____the island of Newfoundland the poor ____his being innocence. soil and a short growing season prevent____raising A for, of C with, for most of crops. B to, of D for, for A for, in, ____ C to, on, ____ 12. the 1960s the economy has been chronically de B for, on, from D to, in, from pressed due_____declining fish stocks and slackened 18. Farming is____only minor importance .____the pro world demand____the their products. vincial economy. A For, ____, for C From, to, of A ____, for C of, in B Since, with, of D Since, to, for B of, of D for, in 13.______The development 19.____the end of the 19th century_____particular, the of machinery______paper high-speed Western humanities and natural sciences split____var production has been largely responsible ____the in ious disciplines. crease ____literacy and the raising of educational levels of people____the world. A In, in, in C At, in, into B At, at, at D In, in, into A for, for, in, throughout B to, for, of, in C of, of, of, in Problem verbs & Phrasal verbs D for, of, in, throughout Test 21 14. Why couldn't she have them_____friends_____than the silly boys she danced with and who came____Sunday 1. His father died a poor man and after that the family night supper? split____. A as, ____, on C_____, more, for A on C out B for, rather, to D by, rather, by B up D in 15. They would get_____much better_____people like these. 2. "Ask me questions and I will____my best to answer A for, by C on, with them," he said and burst____laughing. B over, with D off, by A do, in C do, out 16. She loved giving orders ____the servants, and they B make, out D make, in loved____obeying her. 3. Though it was clear that she was taken____, she____no A ____, ____ C____, to comment on it, except by a scornful movement of the lips. B to, ____ D to, to A back, made C amiss, did 17. Labrador is almost completely unsuitable____agricul- B aback, made D along, did 4. He did not____me his secret and I was so curious to 11. We expected him to join____us, but he never turned know that I made____my mind to find it_____with Paul. A say, on, out C talk, up, in A ____, up C with, in B tell, upon, off D tell, up, out B to, out D_____, upon 5. She ____awake all night thinking of what had hap 12. He turns____to be a reserved person. I am sure he is pened. She felt that Jean had taken____her from the keeping something____. very start. A on, on C out, back A laid, for C lain, from B out, out D on, down B lay, against D was lying, upon 13. The centre of the party was Mike who____everybody 6. They looked____a roof to live under before the cow laugh because he____and said many things for fun. weather set____. A made, did C did, did A for, out B made, made D did, made B looked forward to, on C upon, off 14. Don't get____and_____every minute, you are getting D for, in ____my nerves. 7. Trafalgar Square is ____to have been _____about a A up, down, on B hundred years ago. to, fro, to C to, back, on D on, off, A said, lain C said, laid upon B told, lay D told, lied 8. Harrison who was laughing loudly suddenly broke 15. Her two-weeks' holiday in Greece_____her a world of good. She came fresh and so tanned as if she had been . ____in the sun for months. A out C in A made, lying B off D____ B did, laying C 9. Don't worry, Mom, Nick will soon get____the disease. made, laying D A on C against did, lying B over D after 16. The rebellion was put____by the British, but not be 10. Look, he is sleeping again! — Yes, he can't break_____ fore extensive loss of life on both sides. his habit of____a bit after dinner. A through C out A off, laying C with, lying B down D in B out, lying D_____, laying Test 22 6. But the majority of people are so intensely lazy and timid, that they prefer to encourage the imposition by 1. Consumption of natural resources ____ dramatically giving____to it rather than put an end_____it by the every year as the human population increases and stand exertion of a little firmness. ards of living____. A away, for C in, to A arises, raise C rises, rise B out, to D off, by B arouses, rise D raise, raise 7. And he never sees what an ass he is____of himself, 2. It____great stress on the heart, and in an older per and how he is annoying a lot of people who never son or someone with hypertension or a heart condi ____him any harm. tion, it can____more harm than good. A doing, did C doing, made A places, make B making, made D making, did B puts, do 8. I have a little money put____for a rainy day. C lays, make D influences, do A down C away B off D out 3. The number of golfers in the United States____from 17.5 million in 1985 to 24.8 million in 1992. - 9. He____awake looking at the tiles_____in a geometric pattern. A rose C aroused B raised D lifted A lay, lain C lay, laid B was laying, laid D was lying, lain 4. Although novels with scientific underpinnings had been written before, Verne____the technique of scientific 10. The valley took me____to the time of his childhood verisimilitude to a fine art. when my Grandpa____me on horseback and we rode together to the river. A rose C arouse B raised D lifted A ____, sat C away, sat B back, set D over, set 5. Their life was set_____forthcoming severe winter and many attempts were____to cross the mountains, but 11. You will break____if you work too hard. all who tried were driven back by the pitiless storms. A down C up A with, made B over D ill B on, done C 12. The police are attempting to put____violent crime in upon, made D the city. by, done A down C away B over D on 13. A strong cup of tea takes____the weariness. A over C off Part Two B down D away MISCELLANEOUS 14. Measles broke____in the village. A down C off B out D in Directions: Complete the sentences below using the correct alternative from those marked A, B, C, or D. 15. You'd better paint the woodwork before rain sets_____. A ____ C off Test 23 B out D in 1. He feels he ____responsible. He has never got_____ 16. People began to_____sheep for wool about 6,000 years well with his____relatives. ago. A may have been, on, daughter-in-law's B A raise C arise must be, along, daughter's-in-law B rise D arouse C might have been, ____, daughter-in-law's D can't have been, on, daughter's-in-law 2. He was used to____because he was a good storyteller and used to____tales about animals. A being heard, telling B be heard, tell C being listened to, make up D be listened to, making up 3. My marriage____in 1996_____me with three children. A set up, leaving B broke up, having left C went up, left D turned up, being left 4. While skating along_____full speed, they heard the cars from Amsterdam coming____behind them. A with, close C to, closely B at, close D on, closely 5. Just as she felt tears____her eyes, the phone began to 10 She _____the money to the boy. He does not know ring. She_____, listening to its rings, for several min what the money____. utes. A mustn't have given, is A come from, laid B may have given, are B having come into, was laid C needn't have given, is C to come in, laid D might have given, are D coming into, lay 11. She had been sitting there so long that she_____quite 6. He believed that he had made the matter of the final ____, and so hungry that she could not help____into cost____plain that the possibility_____the money had the kitchen. really never entered____his mind. A raised, stiff, to go A such, to lose, in B rose, stiffly, going B such, of losing, ____ C raised, stiffly, to go C so, to be lost, into D rose, stiff, going D so, of losing, ____ 12. I don't want to harm ____unless they_____me. I'd 7. I was____by hearing my own name_____a whisper. rather____by myself. A awoken, having spoken by A somebody, harm, lived B B awakened, spoken in C anybody, don't harm, live C awaken, speaking with D somebody, don't harm, to live D waken, speak with anybody, harm, live 8. Are you trying to make me____that I need not_____ 13. No, you_her beautiful. But she could get every grateful____you? body ____about her appearance because she had a lot A feel, to be, to of charm and was always____dressed. B feeling, be, for A couldn't have called, forget, pretty C to feel, to be, with B could have called, forget, prettily D feel, be, to C couldn't have called, to forget, prettily D might have called, to forget, pretty 9. Here you are at____. You____us a note at_____! A last, must have sent, last B 14. Though he was_____busy_____a letter, he tried_____ last, might have sent, least C the discussion____. least, could have sent, least D A pretty, having written, to follow, close B least, should have sent, last prettily, to write, following, closely C pretty, writing, to follow, closely D prettily, written, following, close 15. She was writing as if she____no time to breathe before 6. He sat down and I was made____him. He seemed to she got the letter____. let me____for myself. A had, written C was having, writing A to sit near, to decide B sit besides, decide C B had had, to write D were having, write to sit beside, decide D sit by, to decide Test 24 7. She has made me____that I_____thoughtless and self 1. We____. He arrived____half an hour behind the_____ ish ____her yesterday. time. A to feel, might be, to A shouldn't have hurried, near, appointed B B feel, might have been, of mightn't have hurried, nearly, appointing C C feeling, should have been, towards needn't have hurried, nearly, appointed D D feel, may have been, to mustn't have hurried, near, appointing 8. I wish we____at_____house but they ordered that we 2. She had a glimpse of____in the mirror hung rather ____here. ____on the opposite wall. A was, Carter's, would stay B A hers, high C her, highly were, the Carters', stay C had B herself, high D herself, highly been, the Carter's, stayed D have been, Carter, should stay 3. Mr. Black, who seemed ____his own dinner, _____ down his fork and knife and drew his chair to the sofa, 9. The breakfast was delicious._____coffee was hot and smelt __ and_____sandwiches were made_____new A forgotten, lay C to have forgotten, laid bread and country butter. B to forget, laid D having forgotten, lain A The, well, ____, of 4. He was the last man in the world____by_____consid B ____, good, the, from erations. C The, good, the, with D____, well, ____, out of A to trouble, so C being troubling, such B to be troubled, so D to be troubled, such 10. It was no use_____of him. At last she_____her arms ____on the table and rested her forehead on them. 5. I don't feel sorry for her____. I can't entrust her____ any task though I____her for three months. A thinking, lay, flatly B to think, lain, flat A being fired, with, have known C to have thought, laid, flatly B firing, ____, had known C having fired, by, have been knowing D D thinking, laid, flat having being fired, on, know 11. If I could only have one flower, I would have____, the C The, ____, to have approved small ones that grow____and smell so_____. D____, the, to be approved A lilies-of-the-valley, wildly, nicely B lily-of-the-valleys, wild, nice C lily's- 2. After leaving Constantinople, the way will be taken of-the-valley, wildly, nicely D lilies- out through____beautiful Bosphorus, across____Black of-the-valley, wild, nice Sea to ____Sebastopol, _____run. A the, the, ____, a twenty-four hours 12. She was not used to____in any hurry_____. B ____, the, the, a twenty-four hours' A to be, also C to be, neither C ____, ____, ____, a twenty-four hour's B being, either D being, too D the, the, ____, a twenty-four hour 13.____evening I found a photo of_____taken_____after 3. scissors, owing to the special warning of Moth 1 came to live at Warley. er's, ____kept_____John's reach. A Another, me, short B A This, were, out of B Other, mine, shortly C The Those, is, from C other, myself, shortly D The These, were, out of D other, mine, short That, is, out of 14. The room was full____the bubble and squeak of con versation. ____could hear_____that_____said. 4. I saw Herbert____the idle_____. A of, Nobody, anything, no one B A is standing between, looker-ons with, Anybody, nothing, anybody C B standing among, lookers-on C with, Somebody, nothing, nobody D to stand, among lookers-on D of, Nobody, anything, anybody stood among, lookers-ons 15. Mrs. Brown was a teacher who brought_____the best in 5. My hotel room looked____across the vast field where her students — but their own best, not____copied best. no____feeding. A up, anybody else C out, anybody's else B A into, sheeps were out, anybody else's D in, somebody's else B out, sheep were C upon, sheep was Test 2 5 D up, sheep was

1. ____Mother and_____Uncle John are likely_____what 6. I was afraid____cold, but it was __ summer night, 1 have done. and____fine weather. A ____, ____, to approve of A to be, a, a C to be, ____, ____ B The, the, approving of B being, the, the D of being, a,____ 7.______She put on__dress of black silk with a 13. The staff, which consisted____, ten people,____unan jet brooch imous in____decision. of her____. A of, were, their C from, were, its A a, ____, mother's C a, ____, mother B of, was, their D from, was, its B the, the, mother's D a, the, mother 8.They went out into the wood that was flooded with 14. It is the first really____party that I_____, and I feel a ___, while____were in the path. little____. A lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots B A grown-ups, have invited, uncomfortably B lilies-of-the-valley, forget-me-nots C lilies- growns-up, have invited, uncomfortable C grown's- of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots D lily-of- up, was invited to, uncomfortably D grown-up, have the-valleys, forgets-me-not been invited to, uncomfortable 9. A cat,_____, crept from the shadow of the gigantic barn. 15. Hardly_____speaking_____she heard_____short laugh A hunting field mices in the last row. B hunted field's mouse A had she finished, than, ____ C having hunted field mouses B she had finished, when, a D hunting field mice C had she finished, when, a 10. You_____better_____a slice of ham or an egg, or_____ D she finished, than, ____ with your tea. Test 26 | A would, have, something B had, to have, anything C 1. It's high time he____better. It is necessary he_____an had, have, something D effort. would, had, anything A studies, makes 11. I would be happier if there_____sharper_____to help B studied, made ____our choice. C would study, will make D studied, make A was, criteria, do B was, criterion, make C had been, 2. His drawings are worth_____. I've got one ____and criterius, choose D were, ____above my table. criteria, make A seeing, framed, hung B 12. The crew who_____all asleep forgot_____a lantern. to see, to frame, to hang C A was, to rise C was, to raise seeing, framing, hanging D B were, to raise D were, to rise to see, framed, hanged 3. I am looking forward to____but I think my husband is likely____for_____two weeks or more. C____, might be aware, will come A leave, to stay, the other B D an, must have be awaring, would come leaving, to stay, another C be 9. His face was quite expectant when I_____my answer, left, to have stayed, other D but you____it when I finished. being left, stay, others A has begun, should have seen B 4. These islands are said____by_____. The Netherlands, began, should see C began, their motherland, ____a sea-loving nation. should have seen D had begun, A to be discovered, Danes, was used to be ought to see B to have discovered, the Danish, used to being C to discover, Hollanders, was used to being 10. Bob is the_____of the two brothers. But his younger D to have been discovered, the Dutch, used to be brother is____taller than he is, 5. It was a chance______, so we made a list of things____. A oldest, much more C elder, much A not to miss, be taken B eldest, more D older, more much B not to be missed, to be taken C 11. He felt like____in the fresh air._____the garden en of not missing, being taken D of trance, he stopped____at the flowers. not missed, to be taken A to work, Having arrived at, to look 6. You_____very_____if you went to bed_____late. B working, Arriving to, looking C A may feel, exhausted, such work, Arrived in, looking D working, B could have felt, exhausting, so C On arriving at, to look must have felt, exhausted, so D might feel, exhausting, such 12. We____on Sunday but I feel as if I_____you all my life. - So____I. 7. We_____for two hours; Jet's have a rest,_____? A can be walking, do we A have met, had known, do B ought to walk, don't we B met, have known, have C C might have walked, shan't we met, had known, do D had D must have been walking, shall we met, had known, had 8. What____ass I have been! I_____of that simple fact. 13.____number of students present at the meeting_____ Providing he____, I'll tell him everything. considerable, so I should say that_____great number A an, ought to have been aware, comes of them____interested in the subject. B the, should have been awaring, comes A The, was, a, were B A, were, the, was C The, were, a, was D A, was, the, were 14. The trip was____and be was_____, but____ten miles 4, I __ provided you____to accompany me; if you ____passed. , A tiring, exhausting, other, were B I won't stir a foot. tiring, exhausted, another, were C A will go, consent, will refuse tired, exhausting, another, was D B go, will consent, refuse tiring, exhausting, the other, was C go, will consent, will refuse 15. Only____children can eat when_____the thoughts of D will go, consent, refuse a journey. 5. ____twenty years and you'll_____all about it. A few, exciting at B A Another, have forgotten little, excited on C a B The other, forget few, excited with D a C Other, be forgetting little, exciting by D The others, have been forgetting Test 27 5. She and Nick____at each other for a moment with the kind of understanding they____for a long time. 1. Without____to her, he began looking for a, flat near her____house. A smiled, hadn't shared B were smiling, haven't shared A telling anything, parents B C were smiling, hadn't shared speaking something, parents' C D had been smiling, haven't shared talking something, parents D saying anything, parents' 7. I woke, and looked at my watch; it was five o'clock. I____ for four hours. 2. ____he felt,_____more silent he had always been. A The more deeply, the A have been asleep C had been asleep B The deepest,____ B was asleeping D had been asleeping C More deeply,____ 8. He lost the case and was put into_____prison. I sup D The deeplier, the pose he____his advisers. 3. The words flowed from his pen, though he broke____ A the, should not listen to from writing frequently to look____definitions in the B ____, ought not to have heard dictionary, C a, must not have heard D____, ought not to have listened to A up, upon C out, up B off, up D in, for 9. Remember____your oil, water and lyres before you_____. A checking, will set off B to check, set off C to have checked, sat off D Test 28 having checked, will sit off 1. Nick and I had a walk____day, but_____of us_____ 10. I can't help_____that he does so_____work. That is pleased with it. why he deserves____the exam. A another, neither, were A think, a little, failing B the other, neither, was B thinking, little, to fail C the other, none, was C to think, little, to fail D another, none, were D thinking, few, failing 2. Though the cast ____all amateurs, the performance 11. The guidebook suggests____to the Sydney Tower where was a great success. There____loud applause for the you can spend more time____the view over the city actors in the end. A to go, to enjoy C to go, enjoying A were, were B B going, to enjoy D going, enjoying were, was C 12. He met____of people but_____he knew. was, were D was, was A the number, neither B a number, none C a 3. Mr. Chairman, ____discuss this question all day? number, neither D the I don't think it is worth____so much time on this. number, none A can we, spend 13.____mistakes are_____owing_____carelessness. B will we have to, spending C shall we be able to, to spend A ____, made, to C The, done, to D need we, being spent B The, made, for D ____, made, for 4. He comes here every____day. He is looking forward 14. Quite____people were in the park as it was_____fine to____this vacancy. weather. A other, give B another, A a few, ____ C a little, ____ being given C other, B few, the D little, a being given D another, giving 15. Would you like ____wine? — No, thanks. I used to ____a lot in my youth, but then I gave up_____. 5. I am glad I've explained __ you my reasons______chang A any, drinking so, drinking B ing. any, to drink too, drinking C A ____, for C to, for some, to drink quite, to drink D B to, of D for, to some, to drink quite, drinking 6. The doctor says the sick boy____ He will have to stay 11. She is not____person to give_____secret in bed for____few days. A the, away a C the, out the A must not go out, another B B a, out a D a , away the needn't go out, other C shouldn't go out, the other D shouldn't 12.____Milky Way consists_____countless stars too faint have gone out, others to be seen____. A The, from, separately 7. When he went away, I wondered if he____Mary when B ____, of, separate he____home. C The, of, separately A would telephone, came B D____, from, separate would telephone, would come C telephoned, had come D 13. We____a lot more if we_confidence in our mem- telephoned, would come ones and knew how____them properly. A remembered, would have, would use B had 8. He says he'd rather____billiards_____tennis, but I'd remembered, would have had, to use C would prefer____fishing. have remembered, had had, used D would A to play, rather than, to go B remember, had, to use play, than, go C to play, rather than, going D play, than, to go 14. In old age, intellectual functioning is_____related . 9. ____wicked always think that_____other people are as physical health. bad as____. A closely, with a C closely, to A____, the, theirselves B close, from D close, with a B The, ____, themselves C A, an, they D 15.____peppers were widely grown in_____Central and The, the, them South America in____pre-Columbian times. A The, ____, the C The, the, ____ 10. He never apologizes ____for his rudeness unless he ____to please_____. B ____, ____, ____ D ____, the, ____ A before somebody, wants, anybody B to somebody, does not want, somebody C before Test 29 | anybody, does not want, somebody D to anybody, wants, anybody 1. Despite____various assertions, you cannot learn when you are____ A of, sleep C_____, asleep B ____, asleeping D of, sleeping 2. ____the night of October 7, a major fire broke C _ , t h e , ____, ______D A, a, an, a in Chicago's timber yards and spread rapidly, thanks ____high winds and many wooden buildings that exist 7. "Remember____those shoes while I am having my ed _newer stone structures. hair____," she said to her husband. A On, out, to, among A to repair, doing C to have repaired, made B At, in, to, between B repairing, do D to repair, done C In, off, with, through D____, out, to, between 8. Two days after our arrival____New York he phoned from Boston and said that he____to stay there for____. 3. One of____legends says that trees hold up the sky; A to, had decided, better B and if they____,____a catastrophe. in, decided, all C at, would A American's Indians', are cut down, there will be decide, best D in, had B American Indian's, will be cut down, it will be C decided, good American Indians*, are cut down, there will be D American's Indians, will cut down, it will be 9. While he was in ____prison, his wife sold all their possessions and went to live somewhere in____west. 4. ____you are proficient in the Japanese language, you She did not even go to____prison before the departure are sure____a communications problem_____you visit to say good-bye to him. Japan. A the, the, the C ____, the, the A If, to have, after B ____, ____, ____ D ____, the, ____, B When, having, would C As, have, before 10. I realize that____wrong has happened to you, but you D Unless, to have, should can't live without belief in____these days. You should pull____together. 5. For the sake of____visit in Great Britain, it would not be A nothing, something, ____ reasonable for you____months trying to learn English. B something, something, your C A two or three-weeks, to spend B a something, anything, yourself D two or three-week, to spend C two nothing, anything, oneself or three week's, spending D two or three weeks', having spent 11. The deck stewards took care____the door to the dining room closed because the smell of food made some of 6. ____winter is the coldest season of_____year, between the passengers____they_____dead. ____autumn and_____spring. A to keep, to wish, were B A ____, a, the, the of keeping, wish, were B The, the, the, the C having kept, wishing, would be D keeping, to wish, had been 2. There are no____in your office — I know. The staff ____on strike. The earnings of the company_____in 12. He suddenly remembered_____a boy_____fire to some creased this year, and the employees want a pay rise. petrol that had been spilt on the pavement. A people, is, has B A to see, to set C seeing, set peoples, are, have C B see, setting D seeing, to set people, are, have D 13. He was standing at____arm's length keeping silence. peoples, is, has Not knowing what to do I took____my specs and be gan to rub____. 3. You needn't____to me those lies of____. A away, on, it A explaining, your B B ____, off, them have explained, you C to C an, off, it explain, yours D D the, ____, them explain, yours 14. It is_____how ideas come, like a_____of lightening. 4. Why aren't we staying at____Jasmine Hotel? It's_____ A funny, flash C funny, clap than this one, but the facilities and service____excel B funnily, stroke D funnily, bit lent. 15. He was not at all like____other patients when he was A the, much more cheaper, are B in____hospital and though he often had_____sharp __, much expensive, is pain in his side, he never complained. C____, quite more cheaper, is D the, much more expensive, are A the, ____, the C_____, ____, a B an, the, a D_____, an, the 5. Then he found____in the room with a lot of white roses. ____other kind —_____but white roses. Test 30 A himself, Not, no C himself, No, nothing 1. The birth of____computer and its American operat B ____, No, not D ____, Nothing, none ing systems gave_English language a nudge ahead; that of____Internet has given it a huge push. 6. The sun____so brightly and the sky was so blue that it A the, the, the B seemed to him May would never end. It was certainly a, an, an different from any spring he____, for spring was within C ___, ____, ____ him. D a, the, ____ A was shining, had ever known B shone, knew C had been shining, has ever been known D was shining, has ever known 7. The teacher couldn't bear____and got everybody_____ C to taking, having mistaken, furthest D their seats. Then he suggested____the test again. to take, mistaken, further A cribbing, changing, writing B 13. They____their home the day before, and in spite_____ to crib, to change, to write C the excitements of the travel, they both wondered if cribbing, to change, writing D to they had remembered____the gas. crib, change, write A left, of, turning off B 8. Before Guttenberg,_____books were largely_____priv had left, of, to turn off ilege of____monks and_rich. C were leaving,____, to turn off A the, the, the, the D had been leaving, ____, turning off B ____, a, ____, ____ 14. If a year ago he____that he was to undertake a trip C ____, the, ____, the D the, ____, ____, ____ of this sort he____surprised. A had told, would be B would have 9. Hardly____in his native town_____he phoned her; she told, would have been C has been was busy, she____at her book for several days. told, will have been D had been A he arrived, when, was working B had he told, would have been arrived, than, had been working C had he arrived, when, had been working D he had 15. It is_____late morning already. It is _____high time arrived, as, had worked they____down to business. A ____,____, got 10. He got confused____about the time of the meeting. B a, a, will get He fetched for his diary, but it was____and not C the, ____, get ______. D a, ____, got A himself, John's, his B ____, John's, himself s Test 31 C ____, John's, his D himself, John's, his one 1. The outskirts of our town____not worth looking at. There is a factory____glossy paper and the scenery , 11. She looked at him____and her words sounded_____. ____ dull. A cold, sharp C cold, sharply A is, having manufactured, are B coldly, sharply D coldly, sharp B are, manufactured, is C are, manufacturing, is D is, to 12. She was about_____a step, which, if_____, might lead manufacture, is to____complications. A taking, mistaking, further B to take, to mistake, farther 2. ____population of_____Venice of Marco Polo's times 8. Though he____the question thousands of times in his was____little more than 50,000 citizens. numerous excursions looking for a job, now he____ tongue-tied. A The, ____, a C A, ____, ____ B ____, the, ____ D The, the, a A has asked, has felt B had asked, felt C was asking, was 3. I____my work urgently and I decided to have a stroll. feeling D had asked, had felt A shouldn't finish B did 9. ____much like a boot,_____Italian Peninsula extends not need to finish C generally southeast into____Mediterranean Sea. must not finish D can't A Shaping, ____, the have finished B Shaped, the, the 4. I prefer____there rather than_____by train. — As for C Having shaped, ____, ____ me, I would rather____there by car. D Being shaped, the, ____ A driving, going, not going 10. Such institutions as____Bank of England, _____U.S. B to drive, going, not go C Federal Reserve System, or____Bank of France, are to drive, go, not go D charged ____regulating the system of a_____money driving, to go, not going supply. 5. The path grew____and the horses climbed_____. A the, ____, the, for, national A steeply, slow C steeplier, slowly B the, the, the, with, nation's B steep, slowly D steep, slow C ____, the, ____, of, nation D_____, ____, ____, in, nation's 6. As a little girl she used to____in the grass making_____ in the fields____of her grandmother's house. 11. If London is a place_____influence and_____money, A lie, daisies-chains, in front it is also____leisure metropolis. B lying, daisy-chains, at the front A winning, do, ____ B for winning, do, a C lie, daisy-chains, at the back C to win, make, a D to have won, made, ____ D laying, daisies-chain, in the back 12. Rain is very____in these parts, but once_____, it won't 7. early capital of China Kaifeng was in the elev stop for days_____end. enth century the greatest city on____earth with the A rare, having begun, on B population close to____million. rarely, begun, in C rare, A An, the, the beginning, at D rarely, to B The, ____, a begin, for C ____, the, one D The, ____, ____ 13. We cannot wait till the mother_____up her mind 3. ____Milky Way Galaxy takes its name from_____Milky Find out please if it is necessary that the child_____this Way, the irregular luminous band of stars and gas clouds question. that stretches____the sky. A doesn't make, answers B A The, the, above B____, ____, in won't make, will make C C The, the, across D ____, the, through makes, answer D will make, should answer 4. Beside the spring the air smelled____and_____with the scent of____cut grass. 14. Until ____ 1960s the waters of_____ London's rivers A moistly, sweet, fresh B were as polluted as____air. moist, sweetly, freshly C A the, the, the moist, sweet, freshly D B ____, ____, ____ moist, sweet, fresh C ____, the, the D the, _____, its 5. One evening, shortly after my arrival, we____over a glass of beer, when Jones____to talk about those hab 15. No sooner____the button than the message he_____ its of the natives which he__to us before several for the whole week____on the screen. times. A he pressed, was expected, had appeared B he had A sat, was beginning, described pressed, was expecting, was appeared C had he B has sat, was begun, has described pressed, had been expecting, appeared D he was C had been sitting, had begun, was describing pressing, expected, had been appearing D were sitting, began, had described Test 32 6. ____time is needed to take care of him. Take _____ nurse, this one is not____. 1. I like travelling____by train_____by car._____of them A Much fewer, other, enough skilled is attractive. B A lot less, another, skilled enough A either, or, Any B C Far few, the other, too skilled D Far little, other, so skilled both, or, Each C either, and, Every D 7. He was a____person in the neighbourhood. The peo both, and, Either ple thought there was not a man alive who could do everything half as____as he did. 2. waterway of______south-central China represent ed a vast and largely safe network for____inland trade. A highly respecting, well A The, the, the B A, ____, the B high respected, fast C highly respected, well C The, ____, ____ DA, the, a D highest respected, better 13. He felt _ the last couple of days, but did not want to 8. ____City of Westminster, which stretches along_____ show it to Mary and he tned to climb the hill _ River Thames, is one of the country's wealthiest bor than____. oughs and includes____Westminster Abbey and_____ A exhausted, steadily, usually B Westminster Cathedral. exhausting, steadier, usual C exhausting, A ____, the, ____, ____ B The, _____, ____, ____ more steadier, usually D exhausted, more C The, the,____,____ D _____, ____, the, the steadily, usual 9. We stopped____some petrol and saw a strange man. His clothes____torn and dirty and needed_____. A getting, has been, to wash B 14. __into the room I saw John__at the window, but getting, have been, being washed C to he appeared __in his papers. This man knew how get, were, washing D to get, was, to ____what he wanted. be washed A On coming, sitting, being absorbed, get B After coming, sit, to absorb getting C Having 10. When raindrops fall through a cold layer of_____air, come, being sat, to be absorbed got D On they may freeze____impact with the ground to form coming, sitting, to be absorbed, to get ____very slippery and dangerous "glazed" ice that is difficult____because it is almost transparent. 15 The new _ has arrived. Where shall we put ___? A the, with, a, to see A equipment, them C machineries them B ____, by, ____, for seeing B machines, it D machinery, it C ____, on, a, to see D the, from, ____, seeing Test 33 11. Never____such difficulties, he was_____a loss. 1 What __ joy it was for John in his childhood to climb up___ top of the hill and see _ town and ___ A experiencing, in B having experienced, at river at his feet below. C experienced, by A __, the, a, a C the, a, a, a D having experienced, near B a, the, the, the D a, a, a, a 12. I haven't seen her, she ____standing in the shade. 2 They were _ with each other. They said things, She____it all. which_____would have been_____insults. A has been, must have heard A sharply, usually, brutalest B was, may hear B sharp, ordinarily, the most brutal C is, should hear C sharply, usual, awful D had been, ought to have heard D sharp, ordinarily, the awfullest 3. You____me about their arrival. It was a surprise for 8. He looked back. The____tops remained_____and_____ me. against the sky. A must have told B A mountain's, sharp, densely might have told C B mountains', sharply, dense could have told D C mountain, sharp, dense may have told D mountains, sharply, densely

4. I always regretted ____ Egypt. I can't help _____its 9. If I_____that you_____I certainly_____at home. ancient civilization. A knew, came, would have stayed B had A not visiting, admiring known, would come, would have stayed C had B do not visit, admire known, would have come, would stay D knew, C not to visit, to admire will come, will have stayed D not having visited, to have admired 10. It was not worth_____there. I wish you_____yourself 5. I_____him up, he_____the clock. to ____much trouble. A hadn't to wake, should have set B A to go, had put, so B needn't wake, could set C didn't have going, put, such C to go, to wake, must have set D needn't have didn't put, such D going, woken, may set hadn't put, so 6. His____of the language enabled him to understand the words of an old Italian: "Your wife took all the 11. The ____period between_____Games was called______Olympiad. and went away with____. A four-years, the, the A knowledge, belonging, it B B four year' ____, an knowledges, belongings, it C C four years', ____, the knowledge, belongings, them D D four-year, the, the knowledges, belonging, them 12. For three______man has tried to map his world 7. ____Milky Way Galaxy, sometimes simply called ______Galaxy, is a spiral system consisting of several A millennium, ____, exact ______B millenniums, a, exact stars, one of which is____Sun. C millennia, ____, exactly A The, the, billion, the D millennias, a, exactly B ____, ____, billions, the C ____, ____, billions, ____ D The, the, billions, ____ 13. I am going to retire next month and I am looking for 3. Near the centre of____ City stand _____ St. Paul's ward to____quiet life after the pressure I_____under Cathedral, __ Bank of England, ______Royal Ex for so many years. change, ____ Stock Exchange, and the rest of_____ A having a, have been B London's financial district. have, had been C have, A the, the, the, the, the, the was D having a, had B the, ____, the, the, the, ____ been C ____, ____, the, ____, ____, the 14. There are_____books in this box. Though he is a_____ D____, the, ____, ____, ____, ____ youth, he seems____to lift it. 4. She_____and, looking_____in his face, said, "What A quite a lot, fifteen-years, strong enough B right do you have to question me?____is nothing to quite a few, fifteen-year, strong enough C tell you." quite a lot of, fifteen years', enough strong D A rose, straightly, There quite a few, fifteen year's, enough strong B raised, straight, It 15. Do you hear the wind_____and the Tain_____? Many C rose, straight, There trees are reported____down. D raised, straightly, It A howling, pouring, to have been blown - 5. The situation is becoming____. The main thing to do B howl, pour, to be blown now is getting____as soon as possible. C howling, pouring, to have blown A threatening, in C threatened, through D to be howling, to be pouring, having been blown B threatened, out D threatening, away Test 34 6. Where is John? I____for him for ages! — Don't wait for 1. ____wind was like_____ice, it had been snowing hard him. When I came home an hour ago he_____his things. since____morning. A have been waiting, was still packing A The, the, ____ C The, ____, ____ B had been waiting, has been still packing C am waiting, had been still packing B ____, ____s the D A, an, the D have waited, had still packed 2. I used____with boys in my childhood and I remem ber Granny____me when I came home with a black 7. I am sure____fresh air and exercise will make me_____ eye. well. By studying early in the morning I will save____ of time. A fighting, reprimanding B to fight, to reprimand A ____, to sleep, plenty C to fight, reprimanding B the, sleep, a great number D fighting, to reprimand C ____, sleep, a great deal D the, sleeping, a lot 8. The news____so unexpected that the boy was made 14. Something____. She____by 9. ____his story twice. A must happen, must come A was, repeat C were, repeat B should have happened, was to come B were, to repeat D was, to repeat C must have happened, was to have come D need have happened, had to come 9. Do you see a woman_____the street? She is said_____ a famous actress in____1950s. 15. The area of____British Isles is about_____of Russia. A having crossed, to be, ____ A ____, seventy B crossing, to have been, the B the, a seventies C to cross, to have been, the C_____, the seventieth D cross, to be, ____ D the, a seventieth 10. Mr. Jones seems____all about illnesses. He said that Test 35 mumps____not a serious disease and_____was noth ing to worry about. 1. Nick suggested ____there for two weeks. It was a A to be knowing, were, there B brilliant idea. I wished I____of it myself. to know, was, there C A to go, had thought knowing, was, it D to know, B go, thought were, it C going, had thought D to have gone, would have thought 11. There____no scenery at all, but the costumes, the sound and lights effects made the audience____on the acting. 2. She took____clean napkin from_____drawer and laid A were, concentrate C were, to concentrate B it down at____plate. was, concentrating D was, concentrate A ____, the, a C a, the, the 12. I admit not____this turn of events. But I_____. B a, a, the D the, the, the A to foresee, must have foreknown 3. ____City of London and_____West End are linked by B to foreseeing, ought to foreknow ____Strand, an avenue upon which are located two of C foreseeing, should have foreknown London's oldest churches, ____St. Clement Dane's D to have foreseen, need have foreknown and ____St. Mary-le-Strand. 13. My Dad said one____have a rest after a day of hard A The, the, the, ____, ____ work. And you have to go there twice a week,____you? B ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ A must, haven't you C must, don't B C The, ____, the, the, the had to, haven't D will, don't D _____, the, ____, the, the 4. The telegram said that she would have____trip anc 9. Mr. Blacke had a____modest opinion of his brain, come at____sunset. Her visit was_____and he begai, and even of his courage, but he was____shocked too. to plan her reception. A sufficiently, deeply C sufficiently, deep A three hour's, the, exciting B B sufficient, deep D sufficient, deeply three-hour, the, excited C three hours', ____, exciting 10. He never____anything good to_____. If he ____, he D a three-hour, ____, excited ____more support now. 5. They worked ____day and __ night, and seemed A made, somebody, had made, would have had ____no progress. B did, anybody, had done, would have C did, someone, did, would have had A a, a, to do D made, anyone, would have made, would have B a, a, to have done C the, the, to be making 11.____the door, Maggie found _____facing a stranger. D____, ____, to make She wanted to shut the door, but the stranger made a quick movement, as if he____going to stick his foot 6. She was so lively and laughed so_____at oilier_____ into the opening. jokes that no one could help____her. A Having opened, herself, were A merry, peoples', to like B B On opening, ____, was merrily, people, to have liked C C After opening, herself, had been merrily, people's, liking D D Opening, ____, has been merry, peoples, to be liking 12. I am afraid I don't understand you, Pete. I____my 7. When he came to himself he saw people____around as mind. Have you changed____? if they____something else to happen. A haven't changed, your one A standing, were expecting B didn't change, your C B stood, had been expecting haven't changed, yours D C to stand, would be expecting didn't change, yourselves D stand, were expected 13. In __ Northern hemisphere, ______winter is com 8. She had never learned the habit of_____command: her monly regarded as extending from the year's shortest habit was to ask____permission. day, December 22 or 23 to March 20 or 21, when A a, a ____day and_____night are equal in__length. B ____, ____ A the, the, the, the, ____ C the, the B ____, ____, a, a, the D __, a C a, a, the, the, a D the, ____, ____, ____, ____ 14. As the front door was____, she could see____through C at himself s end, listening, was being saying the house. D in his ends'wits, hearing, was telling A widely-open, straightly B 4. He____on the phone when Emma came in._____she widely-open, straight C been listening? wide-open, straight D wide- open, straightly A was speaking, Had C spoke, Was B is speaking, Is D had been speaking, Has 15. You are not a beginner, you ____a car for four years. It is high time you____the traffic regulations. 5. ____the photo he saw a group of people. Nick was A have been driving, would know B are ____the front, with Mary_____him. driving, would have known C have been A In, in, close to C In, on, near driving, knew D had been driving, would B On, at, beside D At, at, at have known 6. His feelings were too_____for the words; he himself Test 36 had ruined his life and his family____the money. A deeply, stealing C deeply, having stolen 1. ____to the office, he found out that Harry had invested B deep, by stealing D deep, to steal the bigger part of his money into the construction of the new hospital. He____it without his solicitor's advice. 7. Oh, Mr. Limon, I_____when I_____you again. I have A Having come, may not do one or two points to take____with you. B Coming, must not have done A was wondering, will see, in B C On coming, must not do have been wondering, see, on C D Having come, could not have done am wondering, will see, up D had been wondering, saw, off 2. ____canaries and _____parrots are especially population 8. Though____is a bit too_____pepper, the meat tastes and easy____. Of these,____parrot is widely kept and rather ____. has been bred for a variety of colour types. A it, many, well C there, little, well A ____, ____, to keep, the B there, much, good D it, few, good B The, the, keeping, a C ____, ____, for keeping, a 9. ____ Middle Eastern countries of_____Iran, _____ Iraq D____, the, kept, the and____Kuwait have_____number of super giant oil fields, all of which are located in____Arabian-Iranian 3. He was____. He tried____, but couldn't follow what basin. . A ____, ____, ____, ____, a, ____ A in the end of his wits, to hear, was being told B B The, the, the, the, the, the at his wit's end, to listen, was being said C The, ____, ____, ____, a, the Test 37 D_____, the, the, the, the, ____ 1. The hard disease prevented him____ doing anything at 10. I propose the chairman and secretary_____. all. I often saw him lying____on the sofa. A to elect C be elected A from, flatly B to be elected D elect B off, flat 11. That evening she felt____better that she insisted_____ C from, fiat D ____, flatly sitting____a while in the high-backed armchair_____ the window. 2. We used ____to the valley at_____dawn and there A so much, upon, in, near enjoyed the scenery that changed every time when the B so more, ____, for, beside sun____. C so much, on, for, by D A to go, ____, rose such more, on, for, at B going, the, stood C to go, ____, raised 12. Why, have you come_____me?_____was no need for D going, the, lifted you____. A to meet, There, to bother B 3. People who had never before cared_____the Browns meeting, There, bothering C to now became familiar____every moment of their life. meet, It, bothering D meeting, A of, to C with, with It, to bother B for, with D for, of 13. I____him about it; he knew it already. 4. You can't have good crops unless you____the soil. A mustn't have told C needn't have told ____usually poor without care and fertilizing. B can't have told D may not have told A don't cultivate, It is 14. They could____recognize us in_____dark, that's why B will cultivate, They are they did not stop____to us. C cultivate, They are D won't cultivate, It is A hard, the, talking C ever, ____, talking B hardly, the, to talk D never, ____, to talk 5. I guessed what mystery____about. So_____ Mary, but Pete____. 15. The epidemic of typhoid fever broke____in the poor est district of the town. The authorities__unable to A were they talking, was, was not cope____it. B they were talking, was, was not C were they talking, did, did not A off, was, by C out, were, with D they were talking, did, did not B out, was, of D in, were, to 6. This was_____year of_____long sunshine. _____month followed upon____month with_____little difference in 11, "A real change of air and___would be very_____for ____sky. your son if you____it," the doctor said. A the, _____, A, a, a, ____ A surroundings, helping, would arrange B B a, the, The, the, the, the surrounding, helpful, arrange C surroundings, helpful, could arrange D C a, _____, ____, ____, ____ the surrounding, of much help, arranged D the, a, ____, ____, a, the 12. Whatever you do, don't do it_____the spot. But re 7. He stared_____me as if I were_____from_____world. member: you shouldn't do everything_____purpose, A ____, anyone, another something must be said____chance, it will be more B on, somebody, the other C at, probable. anybody, the other D at, someone, another A for, for, for B on, on, on 8. We arrived_____the station_____sunset. Nobody was C in, by, on D meeting us. It was so impolite____John to forget about on, on, by his guests that we were____a loss not knowing what to do. 13. I did not want to wait_____the lift. I climbed the stairs, three ____, to the fourth floor. A in, by, for, in B at, at, of, at A for, at a time C for, on time C at, at, of, with D B ____, in time D_____, in the time by, by, from, by 14. When a large vessel wants to pass____Tower Bridge, a policeman halts the heavy traffic passing over it, 9. The speaker____a short pause to stress his words. and____powerful machinery slowly_____the roadway, The audience____him with great attention. half to one side and half to____. A did, was listening to B made, was hearing C did, were hearing A beneath, a, raises, another D made, were listening to B under, ____, raises, the other C down, a, rises, others 10. I would not think____moment if I_____. D below, ____, rises, the other one A another, were to choose B the other, was choosing C no 15 You are a fool_____all his stories. He has made them another, were choosing D any all____. other, will be to choose A to listen, out B to hear, on C to listen to, up D to listen to, off Test 38 | 7 After you have set your objectives, remember_____ them in a list. Anything that is worth____should go 1.______The resorts on this list. at the Red Sea are sard______ones of the A to enter, doing C entering, to do best in Africa. Imagine____there in winter, B by entering, doing D having entered, have done A to be, to go C to be, going B being, going D being, to go g. It was difficult____me to think these were her real reasons____to get rid_____me. 2. If you______the road sign, you_____with that car. A had noticed, would not have collided A for, to want, from C for, for wanting, of B B would have noticed, hadn't collided to, of wanting, of D of, to want, with C noticed, would not have collided D 9. Though the girls are young, the majority of them____ notice, would not collide reached the stage of caring____comfort and decora 3. It is no good______a car in such nasty weather. tions. A to use C using A have, for C has, for B to have used D use B have, of D has, of 4. The borough includes_____Buckingham Palace, the 10. It used_____that oil-exporting countries depended on principal government offices, important shopping cen the oil-importing countries just as much as_____de tres, luxury hotels, ____Tate Gallery and _____ Na pended on____. tional Gallery. A to be said, the first, the former B A the, the, the C the, ____, ____ being said, the latter, the second C to B ____, ____, ____ D ____, the, the say, the first, the second D to be 5. He had already got up and was about_____. He was an said, the latter, the former old friend of____. 11. Ann____quietly and seemed_____. A to leave, ours C to have left, ours A breathed, to be asleeping B B leaving, us D having left, us was breathing, to be asleeping C 6. But there was no_____way out: he was_____in debt. was breathing, to be asleep D A another, deeply breathed, to be asleep B other, deeply C the 12. He felt it sounded____and kept_____. other, deep D other, A unnaturally, silent B deep unnaturally, silence C unnatural, silent D unnatural, silently 13. English theatre director Peter Brook is______found 4. She was _____ at____so early and insisted that Jim_____. er of the company. A irritating, awakening, would leave A The, the C_____, the B irritated, being awakened, leave B ____, ____ D The, a C being irritated, being awakened, should leave D irritated, being awakened, left 14. They regarded____manual work_____degrading. 5. She __ rather_____alone. A a, as C_____, to be B ____, as D a, being A had, to leave C had, leave B would, to be left D would, be left 15. In some households the man was referred______"the master". 6. ____general education is perhaps more important than ____exact knowledge of some particular theory. A for, like C to, as A ____, ____ C ______an B ____, as D on, as B A, an D A, __ Test 39 I 7. They had three little boys, ____one is a baby, _____ others twins of nine. 1. He was just a year_____than John, but was alread\ A ____, the C_____, ______and much_____. B the, ____ D the, the A younger, as taller, strong B as I. She stretched____out_____on the sofa. younger, taller, stronger C younger, as tall, stronger D as young, as tall, A her, flat C herself, fiat more stronger B ____, flatly D herself, flatly 2. She regarded it_____her duty to come and read_____ ?. Nobody gets____unless they_____it. me____dusk when I could not make_____lines in the A something, ask C anything, don't ask for book. B anything, ask for D something, don't ask A ____, ____, in, out C like, to, in, off 10. Sensible,____mothers play ____ big part in their chil B as, to, at, out D to be, ____, at, through dren's life despite____working and having a full-time 3. She remembered_____that she would try, so she did nanny. not regret____his offer. A interesting, ____, ____ A promising, accepting B interested, a, ____ B to promise, to accept C interesting, a, of C promising, to accept D interested, ____, of D to promise, accepting 11. He looked forward to____the position but soon he C world's, a, earth, ____ realized that decision-making is____art and meant D world's, a, earth's, a ____hard work. 2. During____Age of Discovery (____late 15th and early A get, an, ____ C get, ____, an, a , 16th centuries), Spain and Portugal produced ____ B getting, ____, a D getting, an, ____ number of explorers whose discoveries of new lands 12. He____after me since my mother_____. and peoples expanded the horizons — and borders — of these nations. A has looked, died C looked, has died B has looked, has died D looked, died A the, the, a C_____, ____, a B ____, ____, the D the, the, the 13. If anybody____me I_____them what had happened. 3. Fleshy fruits that will be eaten_____typically are har A had asked, would tell B vested ____hand to ensure that they will be free from asked, must tell C had blemishes, a quality____by most consumers. asked, could have told D asked, would have told A freshly, on, preferable B fresh, with, preferred 14. He behaved as though there____nothing_____. C fresh, by, preferred D A was, to be ashamed B freshly, by, preferable were, to be ashamed of C 4. Although____called lead pencils, they do not contain had been, being ashamed D were, being ashamed of ____^ of that metal but are composed of a mixture of ____graphite and clay. 15 Her white dress and a lace umbrella made her____ A common, some, the as though she____to a garden party. B commonly, any, the A to look, had come C look, had come C commonly, any, ____ B looking, came D look, would come D common, some, ____ 5. The rise and spread of Christianity increased the de Test 40 mand ____permanent_____religious documents. A on, writing C for, writing B for, written D on, written 1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the__four oceans, covering more than____third of the_____surface 6. Rainbows are seen when_____sunlight from behind the and containing more than____half of its free water. observer strikes the raindrops acting____tiny prisms. A world's, a, earth, a A ____, as C an, as B world, ____, earth's, a B a, as D a, like 7. The family performed____number of functions that 11. If governments required that all oil tankers ____with larger institutions now provide. The father, ____head double-layered hulls, the damage____fisheries and wild of the family, educated his sons, servants ancd appren life from the many oil spills of the 20th century .. tices. Women instructed their daughters_____a house A fit, of, may reduce hold. B should be fitted, to, must be reduced A the, like, how to run B a, C would be fitted, towards, must have been reduced like, in how running C a, as, D be fitted, to, may have been reduced in how to run D the, as, how running 12. Chronic water shortages exist in____Africa and drought is common over much of the globe. 8. The Olympic Games____in Athens, Greece , in 1896, A the most B two years after French educator and thinker Pierre de the majority C Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games of an most of D cient Greece____to promote a more_____world. majority of A had begun, to be revived, peace B began, revive, peace-loving C 13.____man is_____a worshipper of idols and a lover of began, be revived, peaceful D kings. began, to revive, peace-mined A ____, natural C_____, naturally B A, naturally D The, natural 9. ____in 1891 with a single area in Wyoming, by_____ late 1980s the National Forest System had expanded to 14. These colonies stayed____the coastline, never pene more than 77____in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the trating far inland, and in fact each was linked____to Virgin Islands. England than to____colonies. A Beginning, the, million hectares A near, more closer, the other B Having begun, ____, million hectares B close, closer, other C Beginning, the, millions hectare C about, nearer, others D Begun, ____, million hectare D close to, closer, the other 10. Between 1950 and 1990 the world population doubled 15. In addition to using taxation____money, governments to 5.3____, with____80_____living in developing, or may change taxes____social and economic objectives, poorer, nations. or political popularity____certain groups. A billions, near, percents A to have, achieving, from B by B billion, almost, percentage collecting, to achieve, on C on C billion, nearly, percent rising, having achieved, of D to D billions, close to, percent raise, to achieve, with C was, ourselves, had been lately taken D Test 41 j were, our, lately taken 1. The war left Britain____in debt, however, and the 6. He sniffed it again; it made him feel____somewhere British Parliament insisted that the prosperous colo inside, because it reminded him of something, but he nies____pay for the cost of protecting them. couldn't remember what. A deep, should help C sharp, should help B deeply, help D sharply, would help A deeply uneasy C deep uneasy B deeply uneasily D deep uneasily 2. If you are going to be taking flash pictures, remember that ____the film, _____the distance at which your 7. She stood____looking_____the window. flash will operate successfully. A motionlessly, into C motionless, out from B A the faster, the greater B motionless, out of D motionlessly, in the fastest, the greatest C faster, more greatly D the 8. The living room looked as if an army_____through. fast, the greatly The Murdocks____all their friends and_____, judging from the results. 3. the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC consid ers_number of factors, chief among them which A had just passed, must have brought, everybody else's city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and B just passed, may have brought, everybody else C was just passing, must bring, everybody' else D was which organizing committee seems most likely_____ just passing, may have brought, everybody's else the Games effectively. A Selecting, the, to stage 9. He had____his Christmas shopping_____and brought B Having selected, a, to have staged home____package. C In selecting, a, to stage A done, late, a C made, late, a D Selected, the, to have staged B made, lately, the D done, lately, a 4. ____ten minutes of thought got me no____to an answer. 10.____halos are seen when_____sunlight or moonlight in A Still, closer C Another, closer front of the observer strikes ice crystals and then passes B Other, close D The other, close ____high, thin clouds. 5. Most of our party____old friends of_____, but among A The, the, over C ____, the, away them was a newcomer — a young man with a beard, B ____, ____, through D The, ____, by who____charge of the local museum. II. Jack said that unless I ____his advice they _____my A was, us, has lately taken B business. were, ours, had lately taken A would not take, ruined B would take, would have ruined C makes, well-exposing, sharp D C had taken, would ruin D make, well-exposed, sharply hadn't taken, had ruined 12. Matthew Carey wrote in the early 1800s that in his opin 2. A good husband will always regard his wife ____his ion man should always treat his wife ____equal, but equal and never address her with an air of authority, today's feminists would shudder at____of his advice. as if she____a mere housekeeper. A like, many C like, a great number A to be, were C as, were B as, many D as, much B be, was D being, are 13. This ____letter shows that, while the emphasis on religion was greater____now, many of the other pa 3. He was elected_____president to a_____term. rental concerns expressed are timeless. A the, five-years B A nearly 300-year-old, than then a, five-year's B near 300-years-old, then than C ____, five-year C nearly 300-year-old, then than D____, five-years D near 300-years-old, than then 4. The Committee____of opinion that nothing would be 14.____differences arise between husband and wife, the gained by attempting to____down a Constitution for contest ought to be, not who will display the'most the British Empire. spirit, but who will____the first advances. A When, do C Providing, make A are, lay C are, He B Unless, do D While, make B is, lay D is, lie 15.____with travel and greatly discouraged, we reached 5. We____so accustomed_____the concept of liberty that ____the shore of the Great Salt Lake. It had taken an we are completely ignorant of what is meant____to entire month, instead of a week, and our cattle____ not fit to cross the desert. slavery. A Wearing, to, was C Being worn, to, were A had become, to, to submit B Worn, ____, were D Having worn, ____, was B have become, to, by submitting C became, of, by submitting Test 42 D have become, for, on submitting 1. Modern cameras, film, and processing____it easier 6. When I say nothing,____I mean nothing,_____I mean than ever to create____, ____focused photographs. ____I can't talk about. A makes, good-exposing, sharply B A neither, nor, anything B make, good-exposed, sharp both, and, something C either, or, something D either, and, anything C do not, foot, everywhere D 7. ___in these thoughts, he reached his house, which not to, feet, nowhere was at the end of the village, and hastened to unlock the door with the key that he __ in his hand 12. You will be free as soon as you____twenty-one, but I am a slave____life. as he walked along. A Having lost, was holding readily A will be, to C will be, for B Lost, had been holding ready B are, for D are, to C Being lost, held readily 13. The number of the boats and the names of the crews D Losing, has been holding ready and passengers ____kept, so that in the event of a 8 If he could not help _ sides, he always sided with of boat____, or a person____from it, we would be able the two contenders - very circumspectly, how-ever to get and give a clear account of everything. and making every effort to show ___ party that he A were, being wrecked, missing B had no real feelings of enmity towards him. A to take, were, wrecked, missed C was, the strongest, the weakest B take, the strongest, the being wrecked, missing D was, weaker C taking, the stronger, the weaker D taking, wrecked, missed the strongest, the weakest 14. My mother, though a young woman, was not strong 9 But above all he used to __ against those of his col- and____in delicate health for many years, yet when leagues who took the risk of supporting — and op- sorrows and dangers came upon her she was_____brav pressed against a powerful bully. A declaiming, weak est of____brave. C declaiming, the weak B declaim, the weak D A was, the, ____ C had been, the, the declaim, weak B has been, the, the D was, ____, ____ 10 She in front of him with hands on hips and el-' bows pulled forward, glaring at him as if she _ to 15. The family_____all asleep, so we children_____down tear the secret out of his heart. A was standing, wanted on the ground. B was standing, has wanted C stood, was wanting D A was, lay C were, lay stood, wants B was, laid D were, laid 11 I'd rather you __ go there. The snow is many ___in Test 43 depth, not less than seven or eight___. A would not, foot, somewhere B 1. Let the husband treat his wife, and the wife____her did not, feet, anywhere husband with____much respect and attention, as he ____a strange lady, and she a strange gentleman. A treated, as, would treat B treat, so, treats C treat, as, would treat 7. She had bread for____hungry, clothes for_____naked, D to treat, so, to treat and comfort for____beggar that came within her reach. 2. An important agreement was reached____the United A ____, ____, every C the, ____, each Kingdom and its former colonies, which were known B the, the, every D_____, the, each as dominions. These self-governing portions of_____ British Commonwealth included Australia, Ireland, 8. I loathed them as being____as_____as_____of men. ____South Africa, and Canada. A the most meanest, same, the most wicked B A among, the, the C between, the, ____ the meanest, too, the wickedest C the meanest, B between, ____, ____ D among, _____, the well, the most wicked D the mean, so, the wicked 3. Practically,_____old have no_____very important ad 9. I was fond of these stories and____evening after_____ vice to give____young. evening would go into grandma's room, sitting with A ____, ____, ____ C the, ____, the my back____against the wall so that no warrior could B the, a, the D ____, ____, the slip behind me with a tomahawk. 4. Generally,_____the film's speed or sensitivity to_____ A an, an, close C the, the, closely light,____the quality you'll get in terms of color-and B ____, ____, close D ____, an, closely fine detail. 10. Their party____so tired and____with the day's la A the lowest, the, the highest bour that they declared they____another step. B lower, ____, higher A was, exhausted, would not take B C the lower, the, higher were, exhausted, would not take C D the lower, ____, the higher was, exhausting, should not take D 5. Early evidence_____that cattle_____used for draft, milk, were, exhausting, could not take sacrifice, and, in some instances, for meat and sport. 11. The cattle____killed, and the meat was placed into____ A indicate, was C indicate, were deep snow for preservation. B indicates, were D indicates, was A was, the C was, ____ 6. ____a recreational activity, pony trekking seems B were, ____ D were, a ______12. He seemed_____dissatisfied, so we asked him if there in the western United States in the first half of the 19th was____that we could do for him. century. A to be, something farther A Like, to have originated B to have been, anything far B As, to originate C to be, anything further C Being, to have been originating D to have been, something farther i D As, to have originated 3 Out on the mountain it was blowing twice ___and 13. At last my father arrived______house with the little ____ in our faces. ones, and our family_____again united. A harder, direct C as hard, directly A to, Mr. Sinclair, were B as harder, directly D hard, direct B at, Mr. Sinclair's, were C in, Mr. Sinclair's, was 4. ____people realize just how common depression is, D to, Mr. Sinclair's, was how____it can be and that it is_____among worry 14. It was a long while before I could get him____a_____ A A few, severely, the most prevalent B view of the subject. A few, severe, the most prevalent C A take, more fairer C to take, fairer B Few, severe, most prevalent D Few, to take, more fairer D take, fairer severely, most prevalent 15. I never saw a party ____up so _____, and with_____ 5. She had____dark and abundant hair,_____glossy that little fuss. ____threw off the sunshine with a gleam. A break, quietly, so B A a, such, they C the, so, it breaking, quietly, such C B ____, so, it D ____, such, they breaking, quiet, such D 6. She ____before she _____to the altar that she would break, quiet, so never allow herself to flirt and she____. Test 44 A resolved, had gone, had never flirted 1. Can I ever forget that night in the desert, when we B had resolved, went, had never flirted walked____in_____darkness, every step seeming to be C had resolved, had gone, never flirted D resolved, went, never flirted the very last we could____! A a mile after a mile, the, make 7. He liked_____, to be petted and____, to be well fed and B male after mile, ____, take caressed. C mile after a mile, ____, make A to be kindly treated, praised B D mile after mile, the, take to kindly treat, to praise C being 2. The young men said it was the funniest song that____, kindly treated, praising D be kindly treated, praised and that they would get Mr. Brown, whom they knew very well, ____it. 8. Newspapers were filled____the accounts of men who A had ever been written, to sing B have claimed to have become rich overnight by picking gold ever been written, sing C had ever been out of____wondrous earth. writing, sing D have ever been written, A of, California B singing with, California's C with, California D C should have, large enough, men-of-war of, California's D had, large enough, men-of-war 9. The police____right to raider headquarters and_____ 14. He told us we____a long night drive ahead of us, and their arrests. ____better_____on the hike. A go, make C goes, make A would have, would, were B goes, makes D go, makes B would have, had, to be C had, had, be D had had, 10. It made her____that it was curious how much_____a would, were person looked when he smiled. A thinking, more nicer B 15. There were____of the signs of spring for which I used think, nice C to think, ____in Virginia. more nice D think, nicer A nothing, to watch C no, watching B none, to watch D some, watching 11. The ice was broken; ladies and gentlemen, who ____ aloof all the week, addressed each other____, and all began now to express sorrow that they____part so soon. Test 45 A had been keeping, free, had to 1. We started in the evening, travelled all that night, and B had kept, free, must the following day and night—two nights and one day of C had kept, freely, were to suffering____thirst and heat_____day and piercing cold D had been keeping, freely, should ____night. 12. In the morning we arose early to view our______A from, by, by C from, in, at daylight and were pleased to find the camp in_____ B of, by, by D of, during, during good condition as we had left it a year ago. 2. He was a man who_____, but he was____a man for A surrounding, in, such love. B surroundings, by, so C surroundings, by, as A must be loved, hard B D surrounding, in, as should love, hard C might be loved, hardly D 13. The commerce on Lake Superior is increasing every may love, harder year; and it is desirable that the Americans____a ca nal ____for_____and the largest steamers. 3. She walked back into the first kitchen garden she_____ A have, enough large, man's-of-war and found the old man____there. B would have, enough large, man-of-wars A had entered, dug C entered, having dug B entered, to dig D had entered, digging 4. ____ was the first voyage ____ which the fall of the 9. "It_____a trial for our mothers," said Helen, "com rapids of the lower Colorado canyons____measured ing out here and having to do everything ____. My with precise instruments. mother had always lived in town." A Our, during, were C Our, in, were A should be, differently B must have B Ours, on, was D Ours, by, was been, in a different way C may have been, in a differently way D may be, different 5. I do not remember_____the Missouri River, or any thing about a_____journey through_____Nebraska. 10. Cowboys keep the cattle together, guide____to pasture A crossing, days*, the and prevent____from being mixed with other herds. B to cross, day's, _____ A it, it C it, their C crossing, day's, ____ B it, its D them, their D to cross, days', the 11. The day passed____, for, as progress____in the right 6. When I was little I used ____down there to hear direction, all the passengers willingly____. them____beautiful talk,_____what I never hear in this A pleasant, was made, enjoyed country. B nice, was been made, enjoyed themselves A to go, talk, like C to going, talking, as B to C pleasantly, was being made, enjoyed themselves go, to talk, like D to going, talking, like D nicely, was being making, enjoyed 7. You____those slippers any more. They're too small 12. The time____when the wealthy men of our great North for your____. You'd better____them to me for Mary. west ___their summer residences on these hills and shores. A oughtn't wear, foot, give A will come, will have B B should not have worn, feet, to give C will come, have C should not wear, foot, to give D comes, will have D oughtn't to wear, feet, give comes, have 8. ____ Saskatchewan, one of the larger rivers of_____ 13. "How____you look!" I called. "So_____!" they shout North America, takes its source in the rugged fast ed altogether, and broke into peals of laughter. nesses of____Rocky Mountains, and flows eastward A pretty, are you C pretty, do you over the sparsely inhabited plains of____southern Cana B prettily, you are D prettily, you do da till it reaches____Lake Winnipeg. 14. In summer, when the trees were ____, he used ____ A The, the, the, the, ____ B The, ____, the, ____, ____ there with his friend that played____trombone. C ____, the, ____, the, the A in bloom, sitting, ____ D____, ____, the, ____, ____ B in blossom, sitting, the C in flowers, to sit, __ 4. ____farmers plow with horses these days, but _ D in bloom, to sit, the other respects the old ways live____in Provence. A Few, in, on C A few, with, ____ 15. After my father____, my grandmother never let my B Few, on, on D A few, by, ___ mother____into her house again. A married to her, to come B 5. Jake____me and took me by_____hand. married her, come C got married A rose, the C roused, the her, come D got married to her, B arose, ____ D awoke, ____ to come 6. Mrs. Shimmer____grandfather ten dollars for a milk cow, and____him_____fifteen as soon as they harvest Test 46 ed their first crop. A had paid, was to give, another B 1. It's high time we____. At____daybreak we'll walk down paid, had to give, other C had paid, the bank of the river, on a little sandy beach, ____a had been to give, more D had paid, view of a new feature in the canyon. had to give, the other A will start off, the, to make B start off, ____, making 7. I remember____up and down my sunny little room____. C started off, ____, to take A to pace, morning after morning B D should start off, the, taking pacing, morning after morning C to pace, from morning to morning D 2. Nick looked as if he_____something, but_____afraid pacing, the morning by the morning 8. The family_____now_____to begin their struggle with A liked to say, was, of starting B felt the soil. to say, were, to start C felt like saying, were, of starting D liked A have been, fair equipping saying, was, to start B is, fairly equipped C has been, fairly equipping 3. Sometimes the police_____failure and_____to retreat D have been, fairly equipped when____not successful. 9. ____them with about _____provisions, he started out A experiences, has, it is with a party of seventeen, all that____able to travel. B experience, have, they are A Leaving, a seven-day, were B C experience, must, they are Having left, seven days', were C D experiences, is, it is Left, seven day's, was D Leaving, a seven-day, was 10. 15. Despite ____this new assessment, however, many Breathless from the altitude, my legs______from the climb, I muttered____, "Unbelievable! What____glo scholars still agree that Schliemann_____invaluable rious, incredible sight!" contributions____the field of archaeology. A trembled, aloudly, a A of, made, in C ____, made, to B trembling, aloud, a B ____, did, into D of, did, to C trembled, loudly, ____ Test 47 D trembling, in a loud voice, ____ 11. On his first dive, a_____shark swam out of_____dark 1. Correspondence courses are especially suitable for_____ and made off with it, trailing a foam float. physically handicapped and homebound. Special pro grams are designed for____blind and for parents of A 12-foot-long, ______deaf children. B 12-feet-long, the C 12-foot-long, the A ____, the, the C the, the, the D 12-feet length, _____ B the, the, ____ D_____, ____, ____ 12. There were several places where it was possible for a 2. For 800 years ____University of Oxford _____minds boat to____into trouble; but with_____good luck and and confounding outsiders in____equal measure. ____handling there did not appear enough risk. A the, has been polishing, roughly A get, reasonably, careful B B ____, has been polished, rough put, reasonable, carefully C C the, had polished, roughly catch, reasonably, careful D D____, had been polishing, rough keep, reasonable, carefully 3. Accustomed to__on his master and______the con 13. I was used to_____the old people at home_____about versation of____refined and educated gentlemen, he it. They said he____her money to get rid of her. had very little of the dialect of____Negro. A hear, whispering, must have paid A wait, listen, a, ____ B hearing, whisper, might have paid B waiting, hear, the, a C hear, whisper, had to pay C wait, listen to, _____, the D hearing, whispering, ought have paid D waiting, hearing, _____, the 14. But since the 1960s they____by a new type of invad er, less brutal but more relentless:____. 4. The history of sea power is____, though____no means A have ever more overrun, a tourist solely, a narrative of contests between nations, of mu- B are being more and more overrun, the tourist tual rivalries, of violence frequently resulting_____war. C are increasingly overrun, tourists A large, by, to C large, with, to D have been increasingly overrun, the tourist B largely, without, in D largely, by, in 5. The feature which the steamer and the galley have 10. But now don't let anyone____that, like the common ____common is the ability to move in_____direction lot of speech-makers, I'm going to begin with a defini independent____the wind. tion and then go on____up mv tonic — that least of all. A in, both, of C in, any, of A to expect, to divide B on, the same, on D on, each, on B expect, to divide C expect, dividing 6. For the past 20 years, city policy_____to discourage D to expect, dividing people ____ driving to the centre by reducing ______11. The role of the oceans as____early highways_____me, number of parking spaces, and____fees. and I have spent the better part of my life trying to A had been, ____, a, raising disprove that the sea was a barrier to human travel B has been, on, the, rising and cultural exchange. C was, to, a, arising A mens', always fascinated B man's, D has been, from, the, raising has always fascinated C men's, had always fascinated D man's, has always 7. Schliemann's career as an archaeologist_____late in been fascinated his life, after he____wealth in business. 12. She_____this name of Bovary, which was_____, to be A has begun, has accumulated B began, had accumulated C had illustrious, to see it displayed at the____, repeated in begun, accumulated D had the newspapers, known to all France. begun, had accumulated A would wish, her, bookseller's B wished, of her, booksellers' 8. Orville Wright was born in Dayton, ____Ohio. He C was wishing, of hers, bookseller's and Wilbur attended high school in Dayton, but_____ D would have wished, hers, booksellers' boy formally graduated____high school. A the, none of, from 13. She kept____they must be economical_____they were B ____, each, ____ not rich. C_____, neither, from A on saying, though D the, no, ____ B say, till C saying, since 9. ____, Bullfinch ____a farmer in _____Hudson Valley D to say, as for the past 50 of his 65 years. A Graying and tanned, has been, the 14. I have called you to give you____words of_____advice B Graying and tanning, has been,_____ and to tell you the reason____my present purpose. C Grayed and tanned, is, the A several, the, of C a few, ____, for D Grayed and tanning, was, ____ B few, ____, for D some, the, of 15. I remember____to a colleague, after I_____here for C ____, research, costly a few months, that I didn't think I was ever going to 0 _____, researches, costly understand how____. 5. ____steam engine transformed the industrial world as A remarking, was, did it all work B ____other technologies have as this invention liberated remarking, had been, it all worked C people from the limitations of their own muscles and to remark, have been, it all worked D made____the factories that drove the Industrial Revo to remark, was, did it all wort lution. Test 48 A The, a few, possibility C A, a few, possible B The, 1. People____to devise printing methods for centuries few, possible D A, few, before____breakthrough. possibility A had been trying, Gutenberg 15th-century's B 6. ____how important electricity is to everyday life, think have been trying, Gutenberg's 15th-century's C of what____when the power_____ in a storm. had tried, Gutenberg 15th-century D had been trying, Gutenberg's 15th-century A Having understood, happens, will go out B To understand, happens, goes out C To 2. champagne is a sparkling wine ______by a tradi understand, will happen, will go out D To have tional method in the Champagne region in____north understood, will happen, goes out eastern France. 7. After____horses and later_____steam engine came the A The, produced, the B ____, produced, ____ telegraph, and the world____the same since. C The, to be produced, the A the, the, was never D_____, to be produced,_____ C_____, ____, had never been B ____, the, has never been 3. ____their Web sites, Internet booksellers allow buyers D the, a, had never been ____from an enormous selection of books. A Through, to choose C Via, choosing 8. Only about 700____the 2,220 passengers of the Titan ic were rescued, but the number of survivors______B Through, choosing D Because of, to choose if other ships had not arrived when they did. 4. ____computers are used extensively in scientific_____ A from, must have been, low B in, could to solve mathematical problems, display complicated have been, more lower C of, might have data, or model systems that are too____or impracti been, much lower D out of, ought to have cal to build. been, far lower A The, researches, cost B The, research, cost 9 There is____evidence that people from Iceland landed covered ____Moon's craters,_____Jupiter's largest four in what is now____northeastern Canada around 1000 satellites, ____sun spots, and the phases of __ Ve AD, but experts believe this fact was unknown in_____ nus. medieval Europe. A the, ____, the, the, the, the A an, the, the C_____, ____, the B the, _____, the, ____, ____, ____ B the, the, ____ D ____, ____, ____ C ____, the, ____, ____, the, the D____, the, ____, the, ____, ____ 10. Columbus never set ____ on ___ North American mainland. 15. After distinguishing himself____for the British army A foot, ____ C foot, the during the French and Indian War, Washington was elected ____commander-in-chief of the _____Conti B feet, ____ D feet, the nental Army. 11. The artist spent four years____on his back_____on a A to fight, a, colony's scaffold in the Sistine Chapel to complete the master B having fought, the, colonies' piece ____on the ceiling. C fighting, ____, colonies' A flat, high, painting B D having fought, ____, colony's flatly, highly, painted C flat, highly, painting D Test 49 I flatly, high, painted 1. Beethoven____studied with Mozart_____in his teens. 12.____ considered the greatest artist of his own time, A shortly, during C a little, meanwhile Michelangelo is still seen as a key____the flowering of B briefly, while D deeply, ____ the Renaissance and is the standard____which all sub sequent artists are measured. 2. The two composers____contemporary rivals if Mozart A Widely, of, on C Widely, to, against ____in 1791 at the age of 35. B Wide, to, of D Wide, towards, to A must have become, did not die B should become, had not died C could 13. indulgence was a monetary payment that prom become, did not die D might have ised the____release from punishment after death for become, had not died sins committed during a____lifetime. A The, soul, person's C ____, souls', person's 3. Until the 19th century, a married woman_____hold B An, soul's, personal D The, soul's, person's property in her own name. And, of course, women were not allowed____. 14. Galileo built the first telescope for astronomical pur A must not, voting poses, observed that____Milky Way consisted of stars, B was not able, for voting articulated the laws of bodies in____motion, and dis- C could not, to vote 9- Don't try to influence____him. Your influence would D should not, being voted be bad and result____our breaking off. 4. "I am afraid I_____," he murmured, "and before I A on, in C on, to , B ____, to D____, in I insist on your answering a question I put____you some time ago." 10. In 1887 the____Baron Pierre de Coubertin conceived the idea ____the Olympic Games and spent seven A should go, am going, for years_____public opinion in France, England, and B must be going, go, to the United States to support his plan. € ought to go, would go, to D must go, am going, ____ A 24-year-old, of reviving, preparing B 24-years-old, to revive, preparing C 24- 5. After I____in the room about ten minutes, talking to year's-old, of reviving, to prepare D 24- these tedious academicians, I suddenly____conscious years'-old, reviving, to prepare that someone____at me. 11. He saw her hand coming out to_____, and she looked A have been, have become, looked B at him____in the eyes as she shook hands, frankly, was, became, had been looking C had ____ a man. been, became, was looking D was, become, has been looking A him, straightly, like B his, straightly, as 6. Henry tried_____me as if we_____each other for- the C his, straight, like first time. D him, straight, as A treating, saw C to treat, have seen 12. He waved his hand and muttered that_____was nothing B to treat , had seen D treating, had seen at all, what he had done, and that any fellow_____it in his place. 7. ____of us could help_____, and we became friends at A there, will have done once. B there, would do C it, A Neither, laughing C None, to laugh B would have done D it, Neither, to laugh D Nobody, laughing will do 8. I wish I ____it was your friend. I _____ in a more 13. He was evidently unused to_____stiff collars and she friendly way. repressed a smile at____sight of the red line that marked A had not known, would behave the collar rubbing against his neck. B had known, would have behaved A wear, the C wearing, ____ C knew, would behave B wearing, the D wear, the D did not know, would have behaved 14. It's time the authorities____something to prevent road 4. You____to be loyal while you_____but we won't take accidents. The tendency is____. care of you____life any more. A will do, threatening B A ought, will be employed, in B should do, threatened C are, will employ, with C have, do, threatened D did, are employed, for D ought, threatening employ, on 15. I think somebody is following____us. — Don't look 5. For nearly ten minutes he stood there,____, with parted back, go on____as if you_____nothing. lips and eyes____. A for, to walk, saw A motionless, strangely bright B B ____, walking, saw motionlessly, strangely brightly C C towards, walking, had seen motionless, strange bright D D____, to walk, see motionlessly, strange brightly Test 50 6. ____detective story is distinguished from other forms of____fiction by the fact that it is_____puzzle. 1. At____first sight the answer_____this question seems A The, ____, a C A, ____, ____ B A, the, a D The, the, the A the, for, obvious B ____, on, obviously 7* They accused the author____not playing _____with C the, to, obviously the reader. D_____, to, obvious A for, fairly C of, fair B of, fairly D for, fair 2. Money____anything that is_____used_____payments. A are, widely, to do B is, 8. The first Sherlock Holmes' novel, A Study in Scarlet, widely, for making C is, ____in 1887 and_____by a series of short stories. wide, to make D are, wide, A was appeared, was followed B for doing appeared, followed C appeared, was followed D was appeared, 3. Richard Knight substituted the name of the company followed to Nike____the Greek goddess of victory, and a logo 9. Her first marriage,_____Archibald Christie, ended_____ A for, added C on, had been added divorce in 1928. B after, was added D from, had added A with, by C with, with B to, in D to, with 10. The Ramayana is_____of the two great Sanskrit epics Test 51 of ancient India, ____being the Mahabharata. A shortest, another C shorter, the other B 1. Tourism is____important; the country_____1.2 million shortest, the other D shorter, the others visitors in 1998. 11. Rich____its descriptions and poetic language, it con A increasingly, has had sists ____seven books and 24,000 couplets and has B more increasingly, had been translated____many languages. C increasingly, had D the most increasing, has had A by, from, in C with, of, in B in, of, into D by, in, from 2. There is no____valley in South America that has_____ varied beauties and____many charms. 12. Alaska____to the United States since 1867, when it ____from Russia by Secretary of State William H. A a, so, so C_____, such, so Seward. B ____, such, such D the, so, such A has belonged, was bought B 3. Mozart had an unsuccessful career and died____young, belonged, has been bought C had but he ranks as one of the great____of Western civilization. belonged, has been bought D has A when, genii been belonged, was bought B ____, genii 13. It occupies the extreme northwestern region of____North C when, genius D American continent and is separated from Asia by____. while, geniuses A the, the 82-km-wide Bering Strait 4. Countries with_____populations and_____resources risk B ____, the 82-km-wide Bering Strait ____into what demographers call the demographic trap. C the, 82-km-width Bering Strait D____, 82-km-wide Bering Strait A raised, limited, to fall B risen, limiting, falling 14. A quake in 1908 resulted____the loss of_____least C rising, limiting, to fall 84,000 lives in Messina and____villages, D rising, limited, falling A to, in, nearly C in, at, nearby 5. Five short piano pieces composed by Mozart when he B to, at, near D in, in, near ____six years old_____still frequently_____. 15. Sicily is the largest island in____ Mediterranean Sea, A had been, are, playing B was, separated from ____mainland Italy by_____ Strait of are, played C has been, has Messina. been, played D had been, had been, playing A the, the, the C the, ____, the B ____, ____, ____ D_____, the, ____ 6. They were designed to serve____all-inclusive textbooks 11.____divers know that seawater is so blue that all __ and thus differed ____modern encyclopedias, which red light is absorbed within 20 metres of the surface. serve chiefly____reference sources. A Experienced, ____ A as, in, as C like, in, like B Experiencing, the B like, from, like D as, from, as C Experiencing, ____ 7. The fall of an apple led Newton____that the attractive D The experiencing, the gravitational force acting on the apple_____the same 12. When I found that some promises of support ____, force acting on the Moon. I approached __ several gentlemen and suggested that A thinking, may be they____me at the bank. B to think, might be A had failed, to, should guarantee C think, should have been B had been failing, ____, would guarantee D to thinking, could have been C failed, to, guaranteed 8. ____accumulated by a few thousand people (New D had failed, ____, should guarantee Russians, or the New Rich) through an odd combi 13. Before the winter set____, several members of the par nation of cronyism, hard work, and theft____nearly ty climbed to the summit of____Mount Erebus. everyone. A out, ____ C in, the A The rich, has astonished B B in, ____ D out, the Rich, astonished C The riches, have astonished D The 14. We____our best at the American Museum of Natural riches, has astonished History to answer____hundreds of questions daily. 9. The people were tanned and ____skinned, but_____ A make, to C do, to most were no darker than sunburned, brown-haired B do, ___ D make, ____ Englishmen. 15. In the 1890s the species_____on Stephens Island in A brown, ____ C brown, the New Zealand not by an ornithologist, but by a light B brownly, ____ D brownly, the house keeper's cat who brought home nearly a dozen 10. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through______before the supply ran out. Forever. 1 could see three small boats____and_____on the long A was discovered, specimens B Pacific swells. were discovered, specimen C was A it, to rise, to fall B discovered, of specimen D were them, to rise, to fall C discovered, of specimens them, rising, falling D it, rise, fall Test 52 7. Since they neither cultivated crops nor domesticated animals, depending instead ____the natural replace 1. We had to realize that____flying weather in the Ant ment of resources, they travelled_____light. arctic may occur only one day____month. A of, at C of, ____ A the, in a C the, the B on, by D on, ____ B a , a D____, a 8. For a while he lay____, then began muttering to himself, 2. Only one____in his_____collection appeals to me. folded his arms,____his head down upon them, and_____. A specie, bird C specie, bird's A motionlessly, lay, must have been asleeping B B species, birds D species, bird motionless, lay, might be asleeping C motionless, laid, might have been asleep D 3. 1 found it ____ to believe that Dr. Brown officially motionlessly, laid, must have been asleep retired from the museum 20 years ago, and is approach ing ____his ninetieth birthday. 9. For_____most of human history, the primary means of communication across long distances was not____ A hardly, ____ C hardly, to computer, telephone or telegraph, but_____letter. B hard, ____ B hard, to A ____, the, the C ____, a, a 4. But ____in the Gobi, in a raw, eroded region that B the, the, the D the, ____, ____ the party named the Flaming Cliffs, ____the-most sensational discoveries of all. 10. What should you do if you see someone____to take his book when he____a restaurant? A deep, laid C deep, lay B deeply, lies D deeply, lain A forget, wiil leave C forget, leaves B forgetting, left D to forget, leaves 5. In 1865 Bickmore sailed for____Spice Islands and in three years he traveled 40,000 miles through_____East 11. The reports of Cook and Banks suggested that an Aus tralian colony_____a valuable source of both flax and Indies, Asia, and Europe, collecting____shells, birds, and other specimens. timber for the British Navy. A the, the, the C the, ____, ____ A was C would be B the, the, ____ D ____, the, ____ B were D could be 6. These original inhabitants, or ____Aborigines, claim 12. I naturally asked if Sir James ____him any further instructions as to proper behaviour in America, and ____in Australia since time immemorial. he seems____so. A the, have being C the, to be B ____, to have been D ____, being A would be giving, to do B had given, to do C had given, to have done 3. Volcanic eruptions in ____ regions are a significant D would give, would do threat ____people, property, and agriculture. 13. By 1830 wool____the principal_____commodity and A populated, to C populated, of ____raising occupied most of the country's arable space. B populating, for D populating, to A had become, export, sheeps' B 4. The city lies in a picturesque highland region between has become, export's, sheep's C ____Tiber River and_____Lake Trasimeno. became, export's, sheep D had A ____, ____ C the, ____ become, export's, sheep B the, the D ____, the 14. Postcards were more than____of communication._____ stamps, they became collector's items____, ____, and 5. ____and_____are the principal economic activities on the Falklands. A a mean, As, for buying, selling, trading B A Sheep raising, wool processing B mean, Like, to buy, sell, trade C a means, Sheep's raising, wool's processing C Like, to be bought, sold, traded D the means, Sheeps' raising, wools' processing D As, to buy, sell, trade Sheep's raising, wool processing 15. A man never sees ail that his mother____to him till 6. Excursions take at____one day and sometimes_____. it's too late to let her____that he sees it. A least, much more longer B A has been, know C had been, to know last, more longer C least, B is, knowing D had been, know much longer D last, longer 7. ____e-mail came into widespread use in _____ 1990s and ____a major development in business and per sonal communications. Test 53 1. Italy is poor____natural resources, as_____of the land A The, the, became is unsuitable for agriculture due____mountainous ter B ____, the, has become rain or unfavourable climate. C_____, ____, has become D The, ____, became A in, the most, of C with, a lot, with B of, most, to D in, most, to 8. The first animal ____was almost certainly_____dog, which was bred from wolves. 2 On about March 21 and September 23, ______hemi spheres are the same distance from the sun and the sun A domesticating, a ___ at an equinox. B to be domesticated, the A both, ip said to be C both, says to be B either, says being D either, said to be C domesticated, a 14. Sony designs, manufactures, and sells ______elec D having domesticated, the tronic equipment. A The, an C_____, ____ 9. Cook organized____conducted tours throughout Europe B The, ____ D ____, an and the success of the guided excursion led to the for mation of a____agency bearing his name. 15. Although people____for about 5,000 years, the sport A personal, travels' did not become a popular form of recreation until the B personal, travel's 20th century. C personally, travel A are skiing C ski D personally, travels' B have skied D have been skiing 10.____number of beach resorts on the Atlantic coast, particularly Fernandina Beach and Jacksonville Beach, Test 54 ___fishing, swimming, boating, golf, and tennis. A The, provides C The, provide 1. If the ice sheet in Antarctica____, the oceans of the B A, provides D A, provide world____by 60 m. 11. In addition to____a regional highway_____, the city is A would melt, would rise B a railway hub, with Amtrak ____service and several would melted, rose C melted, freight routes would rise D melted, rose A be, crossroad, passenger's B 2. In the 16th and early 17th centuries, Spain, ____its being, crossroads, passenger C empire in South and Central America, began a____ be, crossroads, passengers' D of expeditions from Peru into the South Pacific. being, crossroad, passengers's A established, series 12.____mayor and the 19 councillors are elected to_____. B having established, series C establishing, serie A The, four-year terms D to have established, serie B The, four-year's terms C A, four-years terms D 3. In 1768 ____Captain James Cook left England on A, four-years' terms ____expedition to the Pacific that also took him to Australia. 13. The settlement was named Sydney for Britain's home secretary, Lord Sydney, who was responsible for the A the three-year B colony. a three-year C the three-years' D A home's, for C home, to three-years B home, for D home's, to 4. Earnings from meat, hides, and live animal exports in C discovered, has remained D the late 1980s____about $1.4 billion_____. discovering, had remained A were, annually C was, annual 11. Tsunamis can destroy low-lying coastal areas and can B was, annually D were, annual be____if people living in such areas_____. 5. Average____density in 1999 was 10 people_____sq km, A deadly, are not evacuated B A population, per C population, in fatally, are not evacuated C B population's, in D population's, per fatal, will not be evacuated D dead, are not evacuated 6. white birch is the official tree of______New Hamp shire and is found throughout the state. 12. They required that the_____council_____elected by the people. A A, the C A, ____ A five-members, was B five- B T h e , _ D_____, ____ member, were C five 7. Privacy includes____freedom from government inter member, be D five-members, ference in private or family matters____confidential would be ity of such things___personal correspondence, tele 13.____most people celebrate_____Thanksgiving Day_____ phone calls, and financial information. with family or friends for a holiday feast. A either, and, as C both, and, as A The, the, to gather B either, or, like D both, or, like B ____, ____, by gathering 8. Since the beginning of agriculture, the human popula C ____, the, gathering tion ____more than two thousand times. D The, ____, having gathered A had increased on C has been increased by 14. Skiing as a form of recreation is much____in origin, B increased for D has increased by although____some evidence that it may have existed 9. The white-tailed deer____the most numerous of the as early as the first half of the 18th century. large animals. A recent, there is B A are C have been more recent, there is C B were D is recenter, there is D recent, there are 10. The last continent ____, Antarctica ____ hidden be hind barriers of fog, storm, and sea ice until it was 15.____wild animals found in Missouri include_____deer, first sighted in the early 19th century. squirrel, opossum, raccoon, rabbit, and skunk. A having been discovered, has remained B A ____, ____ C_____, the to be discovered, remained B The, a D_____, a Test 55 6. ____ Bosporous, a narrow strait that links the Black Sea and ____ Sea of Marmara, separates ____ Istan 1. It is required that both senate and house members bul's European and Asian sections. A The, the, ____ C_____, the, the to____terms. B ____, ____, ____ D The, the, the A are elected, two years' B will 7. lake is a large, inland body of fresh or salty stand be elected, two year's C should be ing water and is distinguished_____some seas, which elected, two-year D be elect, two years have an interchange ____the ocean and are subject ____tides. 2. Innovations in_____technology have improved pagers, A The, from, to, with making them____smaller, more affordable, and loaded B ____, with, with, to with new features. C ____, of, to, for A computer, much more D The, from, with, to B computer's, much C 8. Weather is measured by thermometers, rain gauges, computer, much D barometers, and____other instruments, but the study computer's, more of climate relies____statistics. 3. The Tour de France, ____race covering about 3,200 A the, of C an, upon km, is____most prestigious bicycle race in the world. B ____, on D the, from A a 30-day, the C 30 days', ____ 9. Tobogganing is popular____ winter resorts throughout B a 30 days, the D 30 day, ____ the world where, ____special toboggan runs, riders 4. ____e-mail enables computer users_____messages and ____reach speeds of about 145 km per hour. data quickly through a local area network or beyond A with, in, must C at, upon, are able through a nationwide or worldwide communication B at, on, may D with, with, ought network. 10.____the land needed for growing food and housing A ____, sending C_____, to send people, large areas of the earth's landscapes_____com B The, to send D The, sending pletely transformed. 5. __ Saint Valentine's Day is celebrated on February A Providing, had 14 by the custom____greeting cards or gifts to express B Having transformed, has been affection. C To provide, have A ____, sending C_____, of sending D To provide, have been B The, to send D The, sending 11. Antarctica is the coldest, ____, highest, ____, and____ discovered continent. Part Three WORD- A most windy, remotest, most recent B BUILDING (1) windiest, most remote, most recently C windiest, remotest, recentlier D most windy, most remote, much recently Directions: Read the texts below and decide what part of speech 12. The general proportion that____between certain groups in A, B, C or D best fits each gap in the sentences. of animals is readily seen. Large animals____so abun dant as small ones. Test 56 A must be obtained, cannot be B should have been obtain, might not be In 332 BC Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, C is to be obtained, cannot have been (1) ____Egypt. In 305 BC Alexander's general Ptolemy D must have been obtained, must not have been became king of Egypt, and for almost 300 years his (2) ____, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt. Although Ptolemy was 13. The earth is____to the sun in January and_____away Macedonian by birth and the Ptolemies remained (3)_ in July, so the summer is____than the winter in the to Greek culture, they were (4)____for one of the great northern hemisphere. est periods of building and decorating temples in Egypt. A closest, furthest, longest The Ptolemies did so to win (5)____for their rule from B closer, further, the longest their Egyptian (6)____. The Ptolemaic dynasty ended when C closest, farthest, longer Cleopatn, queen of Egypt, (7)____suicide after the Ro D closest, further, longest mans (8)____her forces at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The Roman victory marked the end of ancient Egypt as an 14. The total volume of the ice sheet____Antarctica is (9) ____power. estimated____29 million cu km, or about 90_____of the world's ice. 1. A conquered C conquering A covering, being, percents B conquer D conquest B covered, be, per cents 2. A descend C descendible C to cover, to be, percentage B descending D descendants D covering, to be, percent 3. A ties C tier 15. Sheep _____ probably domesticated about 11,000 years B tied D tiring ago in what is now northern Iraq. A was C has been 4. A responsible C responsibility B have been D were B responsibly D responsive 5. A accept C acceptance 4. A fortunate C fortune B accepted D acceptability B fortunated D fortunately 6. A subjects C subjacent B subjective D subjectify 5. A heirloom C heiress B heirs D heirless 7. A commitment C committing B committed D committal 6. A founding C founded B foundation D to found 8. A defeatism C defeating B defeat D defeated 7. A diffusion C diffuse B diffusible D diffusing 9. A depend C independent B independence D depending 8. A little C a little B least D less

Test 57 Although the Smithsonian Institution may seem an Test 58 American enterprise, its (1)____He in the bequest of an A number of individual diamonds have become (1)_____, Englishman, Smithson, who never even visited the Unit (2)____because of their size. The largest of all (3)_____ ed States. In October 1826, James Smithson (2)_____his diamonds is the Cullinan, which was discovered in South will, (3) ____his vast (4) _____to his nephew with one Africa in 1905 and was (4)_____to Edward VII, king of proviso: if the nephew died with no (5)____, Smithson's the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ire- estate was to be given "to the United States of America,, land, by the government of the Transvaal. The Cullinan (6)____at Washington, under the name of the Smithso weighed 3,106 carats before cutting and was pronounced nian Institution, an Establishment for the increase and by crystallographers to be a fragment of a (5)____larger (7) ____of knowledge among men". His nephew died, stone. When the stone was cut, a total of 105 gems were heirless, (8)____than seven years after his uncle. produced, (6)____1,063 carats in all. The largest of these was a stone called the Star of Africa, the biggest cut dia 1. A origins C originality mond in (7) ____, and now set in the British (8) ____ B original D originally scepter. 2. A writing C wrote B written D writer 1. A famed C famously B famous D fame 3. A left C leave B leaving D leaves 2. A primacy C prime B primary D primarily 3. A knew C knowing 2. A celebrating C celebration B known D knowledge B celebrated D celebrate

4. A present C presented 3. A occasion C occasionally B presence D presenting B occasional D occasionalism

5. A considerably C considering 4. A feast C festivity B considerable D considered B feasted D feasting

6. A weight C weighed 5. A evident C evidence B weigh D weighing B evidently D evidenced

7. A exist C existed 6. A participate C participants B existing D existence B participating D participated

8. A royally C royalty 7. A Grade C Graded B royal D royals B Gradually D Gradual Test 59 8. A prevailed C prevailing B prevalence D prevalent (1) ____to tradition, the first American Thanksgiving was (2) ____in 1621 by the English Pilgrims who had 9. A annual C annualize founded the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrims marked the B annum D annually (3) ____by (4) _____with their Native American guests who brought gifts of food as a gesture of goodwill. Al Test 60 | though this event was an important part of American colo nial history, there is no (5)____that any of the (6) During an (1)____700 years ago, the England's King ______Edward I took the 181 kg Stone of Destiny from central thought of the feast as a thanksgiving celebration. Two Scotland. According to ancient prophecy, whoever had years later, during a period of drought, a day of fasting (2)____the stone would have (3)_____over Scotland. Ac and prayer was changed to one of thanksgiving because cording to legend, during coronations, the stone would rains came during the prayers. (7)____the custom (8) make a (4) ____noise if the person sitting on it was of ______royal (5)____, and it would remain (6)_____if the person among New Englanders to (9)____celebrate Thanksgiving was not of royal family. (7) ____ for a brief period of after the harvest. time, the stone has remained under the coronation (8)_____ at Westminster Abbey in London, England, for the last 1. A Accordingly C According

B Accordance D Accordant 700 years. (9)____English and British monarch has been (3)____radically from the Greek games in several respects. crowned on the Stone of Destiny since Edward brought it In Greece the people were often (4)____, whereas in Rome to Westminster Abbey in 1296. they were mere spectators, and only professional athletes, slaves, and (5) ____usually took part. Also, the Greek 1. A invade C invaded games (6)____for their entertainment (7)_____chiefly on B invasive D invasion (8)____ among athletes, whereas the Roman games were often characterized by the staging of battles (9)____to the 2. A owning C ownership death and (10)____large numbers of human beings and B owned D own also beasts.

3. A powerfully C power 1. A spectacularly C spectacled B powerful D powered B spectacle D spectacular

4. A groaning C groaningly 2. A featured C feature B groan D groaned B featuring D featureless

5. A blooded C bloody 3. A differed C differ B bloodily D blood B different D difference

6. A silently C silent 4. A participation C parts B silence D silencing B participants D participate

7. A Exception C Except 5. A prison C imprisonment B Excepting D Excepted B imprisoned D prisoners

8. A seat C seater 6. A dependence C depended B seated D seating B depending D dependent

9. A Everyone C Everywhere 7. A value C values B Each D Every B valuable D valued

Test 61 8. A competed C compete B competition D competing The ancient games are athletic contests and other types of public (1)____that were a (2)_____of the religious and 9 A fighting C fightingly social life of ancient Greece and Rome. The Roman games B fighter D fought 10. A involvement C involved 7. A edible C eat B edibly D edibility B involving D involve 8. A extensively C extent Test 62 B extensive D extensible

Cereals are various species of the grass family, (1)_____ 9. A origin C origination for their seed, which is used as food. The name is (2)_____ B original D originated from Ceres, the Roman goddess of grains and agriculture. Although the cereals do not belong to any (3)_____tribe of Test 63 the grasses, the use of particular species as bread plants seems to have been determined chiefly by the (4)____size Periodic floods (1) ____ naturally on many rivers, of the seed or by the (5)____of obtaining it in (6)_____ forming an area known as the (2) ____ plain. These quantity and of freeing it from its (7)_____covering. The river floods often result from heavy rain, sometimes com- most (8) ____cultivated grains are wheat, barley, rye, bined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to oats, rice, corn or maize. These have all been cultivated overflow their banks; a flood that rises and falls rapidly since ancient times. Maize is the only grain that (9)____ with little or no (3)____warning is called a flash flood. in America; the others were developed in Europe, Asia, Flash floods are usually caused by (4)_____rainfall over and Africa. a (5) ____ small area. Coastal areas occasionally are flooded by unusually high tides (6) ____by (7) _____ 1. A cultivation C cultivated winds over ocean surfaces, or by tsunamis caused by B cultivable D cultivar undersea earthquakes. Floods not only damage proper ty and (8) ____the lives of humans and animals, but 2. A derived C derivation have other (9) ____as well. B derivative D deriving 1. A occurred C occur 3. A particularly C particularized B occurrence D occurring B particularity D particular 2. A flow C flowed 4. A superiority C superiorly B flood D flooding B superior D super 3 A advance C advances 5. A easy C ease B advanced D advancing B easily D easement 4 A intensity C intensify 6. A suffice ' C sufficiency B intense D intensely B sufficient D sufficiently 5. A relative C relate 3. A constituent C constituency B relativity D relatively B consists D consisting

6. A induced C inducement 4. A length C longer B induce D inducing B lengthen D long

7. A severely C severe 5. A wide C width B severity D severing B widen D widening

8. A danger C in danger 6. A equipment C equipped B endanger D dangerous B equipping D equips

9. A effectiveness C effective 7. A mature C maturating B effects D effectively B maturate D maturely Test 64 | 8. A grind C ground B grinding D grindable Although several cane-cutting machines have been used with some (1)____, most of the sugarcane in the world is Test 65 (2)____ by hand. The cutting instrument most common- ly used (3) ____of a large steel blade 50 cm (4) ______and Quebec has several problems with (1) . Because of about 13 cm (5)____, (6)_____with a small hook on the its location at the northeast corner of North America, back, and set into a wooden handle. Cane is cut at or winds from the southwest carry pollution to the (2)_____. near the surface of the ground, stripped of its leaves by Acid rain has (3) ____damaged (4) _____lakes and some the knife hook, and trimmed at the top near the last forestlands, with maple trees the hardest hit. About half of (7)____joint. The cane is then piled in rows along the the sulfur compounds that (5)____acid rain originate at ground until picked up by hand or machine, tied in bun power plants and industrial sites in the United States, a dles, and transported by cart or truck to the sugar facto quarter originate in Ontario, and a quarter originate within ry, where the (8)____mill extracts the sugar from the cane. Quebec. In (6)____, large parts of the St. Lawrence Riv er are polluted by fertilizer runoff and toxic industrial dis 1. A succeed C success charges despite federally (7) ____regulations to improve B successful D succeeding the (8)_____of the water.

2. A harvesting C harvested 1 A pollute C polluting B harvester D harvest B polluted D pollution 2. A provincialism C province 1. A commonly C commonness B provincial D provincially B common D commoner

3. A seriously C seriousness 2. A guided C guidance B serious D more serious B to guide D guideline

4. A numerously C numerous 3. A sailer C sails B numerate D numerated B sailor D sailing

5. A causality C causative 4. A enter C entrances B causally D cause B entrant D entered

6. A additional C add 5. A identify C identification B addition D added B identifying D identified

7. A enforced C force 6. A potentially C potency B forcing D enforce B potential D potent

8. A qualitative C qualifying 7. A notifying C notify B quality D qualify B notification D notified

Test 66 8. A nearer C nearness B nearly D near A (1)____lighthouse is a structure from which light is projected at night, or which serves as a marker by 9. A living C alive day, (2) ______ships (3) _____ in coastal waters. Light B live D life houses are constructed at important points on a coast line, at (4) __ to harbours and estuaries, on rocky 10. A requirement C required ledges or reefs, on islands, and even in the water. Light B require D requiring houses help (5) ____a ship's location, warn ships of (6)____hazards, and (7)_____them that land is (8)_____. Test 67 Lighthouses differ from smaller beacons in that a light house includes (9)_____quarters for a lighthouse keeper. In 1963 the ZIP (Zoning Improvement Program) code Today, however, most lighthouses use automatic elec system was (1)____to simplify the patterns and (2)_____of tric lights that do not (10)_____a full-time resident op mail (3)____. The ZIP code is a five-digit number used erator. on the last line of the address (4)____the name of the city and state. The first (5)____, from 0 to 9, stands for one 11. A disassociated C associating of the ten main geographical areas into which the United B association D associated States and its (6) ____ are (7) ____. The next four digits mark off (8)____farther by subdividing the main area; the 12. A voluntary C volunteer first three digits together (9)____a sectional or metropol B voluntarily D voluntarism itan area, with the next two numbers (10)____an (11) ______Test 68 or branch post office. Use of ZIP codes is (12)____. The first globes were built by ancient Greeks. The 1. A introduced C introduce earliest known globe was said to have been (1)_____by B introduction D introducing the (2) ____Crates about 150 BC. An ancient celestial globe that still (3)____was made about 150 AD as part 2. A procedural C procedures of a (4)____, called the Farnese Atlas, in the Naples B procedurality D procedurally Museum, Italy. The oldest (5)_____terrestrial globe was built in Germany, in 1492. This globe does not show 3. A distribution C distribute the Americas. As new (6) ____were discovered in the B distributor D distributed 16th and 17th centuries, globes became more (7) ____. The world's largest globe is the Unisphere, which was 4. A follow C followed built for the 1964 New York World's Fair. This (8)_____ B following D follower steel globe is 37 m (9) ____ and weighs 408,000 kg, including its base. 5. A digitalization C digital B digitally D digit 1. A construct C constructing 6. A possessive C possessions B constructive D constructed B possesses D possess 2. A scholarship C scholar 7. A divide C dividing B scholarly D scholastic B divided D division 3. A existing C existence 8. A local C locally B exists D existed B localities D localized 4. A sculptor C sculpt 9. A represent C representation B sculpture D sculptural B representative D represents 5. A existing C exists 10. A specify C specifying B existed D existence B specification D species 6. A land C lands B landless D landed 4. A Add C Additions B Adds D Adding 7. A accuracy C accurately B accurate D accuracies 5. A regal C reigned B reigns D regale 8. A stain C staining 6. A monarchic C monarch B stained D stainless B monarchal D monarchy 9. A cross C crossing B crossed D across 7. A completing C complete B completion D completed

Test 69 8. A covering C covered The Louvre, the national art museum of France and B cover D coverage the palace in which it is (1)____, is located in Paris, on the right bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 Test 70 a (2) ____of the kings of France, is one of the largest Children's games are recreational (1)____especially palaces in the world. It (3)____the site of a 13th-century enjoyed by children. Any attempt (2)_____ them is diffi fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546. cult because of their great number and (3)____— chil (4)____were made to the structure during the (5)_____of dren enjoy active games as well as passive ones, games almost every French (6) ____. Under Henry IV, in the of skill and those of chance, games (4)____indoors or early 17th century, the Grande Galerie, now the main outdoors, and games for one child alone or for two or picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was (7)____. By more. Some games are structured, that is, played ac the mid-19th century the vast complex was built; (8)_____ more than 19 hectares, it is a masterpiece of architectural cording to formal rules and generally with (5) ____equip design. ment; others are unstructured, "made up" (6) _as the game progresses (and often prefaced with the sug 1. A house C housed gestion, "Let's (7) ____"). Word games and guessing B home D homeland games — (8) ____lotto, questions, and charades — are also popular. 2. A residence C resident B residential D residence 1. A active C activities B activists D activism 3. A occupies C occupancy B occupying D occupant 2. A classifying C to classify B classification D classified 3. A variant C varies but may (5)____to a week or longer. The rash usually fades B variety D varying in (6)____a week, and at that time the skin begins to peel. Scarlet fever may be (7) ____by other diseases, for 4. A playing C playable example, by pneumonia. Since the (8) ____of penicillin, B play D played however, most instances of scarlet fever can be (9) ____ without the (10)____of permanent after-effects. 5. A prescribable C prescribed B prescription D prescribe 1. A infectious C infect B infection D infected 6. A spontaneously C spontaneous B spontaneity D spontaneousness 2. A affection C affects B affected D affecting 7. A pretence C to pretend B pretend D pretending 3. A initials C initialize B initial D initialized 8. A inclusive C included B include D including 4. A emerged C emerging B emerge D emergence Test 71 5. A extent C extended Scarlet fever is an (1)____disease, caused by bacteria, B extending D extend which usually enter the body through the nose or mouth; it is transmitted from person to person by direct contact, that is, 6. A approximately C approximation by sprays of droplets from the respiratory tract of an infected B approximate D approximated person, or by indirect contact through the use of utensils previously handled by an infected person. The disease most 7. A complication C complicated commonly (2)____children between the ages of two and ten B complicate D complicating The typical (3)____symptoms of the disease are head ache, sore throat, chills, fever, and general malaise. From two to three days after the first appearance of symptoms, red 8. A introduce C introduced spots may appear on the palate; bright red papilla (4)____ B introducing D introduction on the tongue, giving it an appearance commonly called straw- berry tongue. A characteristic skin eruption appears on the 9. A cure C curing chest and usually spreads over the entire body except the B cured D cureless face. The rash fades on pressure. The fever, which frequently runs as high as 40° to 40.6°C, generally lasts only a few days 10. A occurrence C occurred B occur D occurring Test 72 3. A unemployment C employ B unemployed D employee The Great Depression in the United States, the worst and longest (1)____collapse in the history of the modern 4. A charitable C charity industrial world, lasted from the end of 1929 until the early B charitably D charities 1940s. Beginning in the United States, the depression spread to most of the world's industrial countries, which in the 5. A survival C survive 20th century had become economically (2) ____on one B survived D surviving another. The Great Depression saw rapid declines in the production and sale of goods and a sudden, severe rise in 6. A weaknesses C weaken (3) ____. Businesses and banks closed their doors, people B weak D weakly lost their jobs, homes, and savings, and many depended on (4)____to (5)_____, In 1933, at the worst point in the 7. A prosperity C prosperously depression, more than 15 million Americans — one-quarter B prosperous D prosper ef the nation's workforce — were unemployed. The depression was caused by a number of serious 8. A earnings C earning (6)____in the economy. Although the 1920s appeared on B earn D earned the surface to be a (7) ____time, income was unevenly distributed. The wealthy made large profits, but more and 9. A contribution C contributed more Americans spent more than they (8)____, and farm B contribute D contributing ers faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering effects of World War I caused economic problems in many coun 10. A catastrophic C catastrophically tries, as Europe struggled to pay war debts and repara B catastrophe D catastrophist tions. These problems (9)____to the crisis that began the Great Depression: the (10)____U.S. stock market crash 11. A confidence C confidential of 1929, which ruined thousands of investors and destroyed B confide D confidentially (11) ____ in the economy. Continuing throughout the 1930s, the depression ended in the United States only when 12. A mass C massively (12) ____spending for World War II began. B massiveness D massive Test 73 1. A economize C economically B economy D economic Periodicals are publications released on a (1) ____ basis that feature articles, poems, stories, and other types 2. A depend C dependence of writing. Many periodicals also (2) __ photographs B dependent D dependably and drawings. Periodicals that are aimed at a general audience, such as weekly news roundups, are also called magazines. Those with a more (3) ____ audience, such 4. , A scholarly C scholarship as publications of (4) ____organizations, can be termed B scholar D scholastic journals. 5. A History C Historic (5)____, the difference between periodicals and news B Historically D Historical papers has been a matter of format, publication sched ule, and content. Most newspapers deal with the news of 6. A issue C issued the day and are (6)____daily on pulp paper with relative B issuance D issuing ly large, unbound pages. Periodicals focus on more (7)____ material, and when they deal with the news they tend do 7. A specialize C specialized so in the form of (8)____or commentaries. For centurie B specialization D specializing periodicals generally (9)____on finer paper than newspa pers, with smaller (10)_____pages, and at intervals long er than a day (weekly, every two weeks, monthly, quar 8. A summarize C summaries terly, or even annually). B summarizing D summarized In the 1990s, with the (11) ____of the Internet, publishers began to release newspapers and periodicals on 9. A appear C appearing line. This development (12) ____the line between the B appearance D appeared two forms because the general format of online newspa pers and periodicals is (13)____, and the publication sched 10. A bind C binding ule of both forms became more (14)____. For example. B bound D binder many newspaper publishers update their online versions throughout the day, and some online periodicals do the 11. A growth C grow same Despite these technological changes, the two forms B growing D grown differing emphasis in choice of content remains a (15)_____ factor. 12. A blur C blurry B blurring D blurred 1. A regularity C regularly B regular D regulate 13. A similarity C similar B similarly D similize 2. A inclusion C including B inclusive D include 14. A flex C flexibility B flexible D flexibly 3. A narrow C narrowing B narrowed D narrowness 15. A distinguish C distinguished B distinguishing D distinguisher Test 74 1. A fascination C fascinated B fascinating D fascinate Throughout history, people have been (1)____by life underwater, and the Professional Association of Dive In 2. A estimating C estimates structors (2)____that there are now 6 million active divers B estimation D estimated worldwide. They (3)____in many different types of div ing, of which wreck, cave, (4) ____, and military diving 3. A engage C engaging are just a few. The most common form of diving is sport B engagement D engaged diving, or (5)____diving, which is practiced at depths of less than 130 ft. From these depths, divers can make a 4. A commerce C commercialise (6) ____ascent to the surface. Diving beyond this limit B commercial D commercially requires (7) ____training. Because popular dive sites such as coral reefs and wrecks 5. A recreation C recreated are (8)____not near land, most diving is done from boats. B recreate D recreational In some locations, however, divers can enter the watei from shore. On a typical outing, the divers decide before 6. A straightforward C straightened hand how long they will remain underwater and how (9) B straighten D straight ______they will descend. While the divers are underwater, at 7. A advance C advancement least one person serves as a spotter by remaining on the B advanced D advancing boat or on shore. All groups, whether diving from a boat or from shore, are (10) ____ to fly a diver down flag (a 8. A typically C typical red flag with a white diagonal slash) to alert boaters that people are underwater. B type D typifying In general, divers seek locations where the water is 9. A deep C depth clear, the temperatures warm, and the marine life (11)_____. Divers often choose to visit areas with coral reefs because B deeply D deepen they are colourful and (12) ____with life, and provide shelter for many types of fish. The Caribbean is the most 10. A require C requirement popular (13) ____in the world. Parts of the region are B required D requiring designated as marine parks or sanctuaries. Because they are protected from fishing and other human activity, these 11. A plenty C plentiful locations boast abundant aquatic plant and animal life. B plenteously D plentifully Similar protected areas (14) ____throughout the world, and the South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Red 12. A densely C densing Sea are common dive destinations. B density D dense 13. A destine C destination 1. A autonomy C autonomic B destined D destiny B autonomist D autonomous

14. A exist C existing 2. A comprise C comprisal B existence D existed B comprised D comprising

Test 75 | 3. A respect C respectively B respective D respecting The Canary Islands or Canaries is the group of is lands, the (1)____region of Spain, in the Atlantic Ocean, off the north-western coast of Africa, (2)____the provinces 4. A alter C altering of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Their capitals B alternative D alteration are, (3) ____, Las Palmas on Grand Canary and Santa Cruz de Tenerife on Tenerife Island; the cities also serve as 5. A descending C descendant dual and (4)____capitals of the region. The chief islands B descend D descender of the group, in (5) ____order of size, are Tenerife, Fuerteventura, the (6)____to the African mainland, Grand 6. A near C nearest Canary, Lanzarote, La Palma, Gomera, and Hierro. In B next D nearer addition, several barren islets are (7) ____in the group The Canary Islands are of volcanic (8)____and are noted 7. A included C inclusion for their scenery and mild, dry climate, which makes B inclusive D including them an ideal site for astronomical (9) ____. Precipitation (10)____mainly during the winter season. In areas below. 8. A originate C origin about 400 m elevation, the (11)____is typically northern B original D originally African; characteristic (12)____are the date palm, dragon tree, and cactus. Growing at higher levels are laurels. 9. A observer C observed holly, myrtle, eucalyptus, pine, and a variety of flower B observation D observational ing plants. Farming and fishing are the principal indus tries. The volcanic soil of the Canaries is extremely (13) 10. A occurrence C occurred ______. B occurs D occurring The islands have no rivers, however, and severe drought.' are common; (14)_____irrigation is therefore a (15)_____ 11. A vegetable C vegetables in most cultivable areas. Among important crops are ba- B vegetation D vegetate nanas, citrus fruits, sugar cane, peaches, figs, wine grapes, grain, tomatoes, and potatoes. (16)_____products 12. A vary C various include textiles and fine (17)____. (18)____is also impor B varied D varieties tant, and the islands are a (19)_winter-resort area. 13. A fertilizer C fertile B fertilize D fertilized Part Four WORD- 14. A artificial C artificially BUILDBNG (2) B artificiality D artificials

15. A necessity C necessaries Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the adjec- B necessary D necessarily tives derived from the nouns in brackets accord- 16. A Manufacture C Manufactured ing to the model. B Manufacturing D Manufacturable Model: Latin is the language of (ancientry) ancient Rome and the (neighbour) neighbouring territory of Latium. 17. A embroider C embroiderer B embroidered D embroideries | Test 76 j

18. A Tourist C Tour Latin is the language of (ancientry) ____ Rome and B Tourism D Tourer the (neighbour)____territory of Latium. With the spread of Roman power Latin was carried to every part of the 19. A fashionable C fashionably known ancient world and became the (dominancy) ___ B fashion D fashioner tongue of western Europe. It was the language of scholar- ship and diplomacy until the 18th century and of the Roman Catholic liturgy until the late 20th century. The colloquial speech of (culture) __ Romans ap peared in the works of (variety) ____writers, notably in the comedies of Plautus and Terence, the letters of Cice ro, the Satires and Epistles of Horace, and the Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter. It is characterized by freedom of syn tax, by the presence of (numeration) ____ interjections, and by the (frequency)____use of Greek words. This (col loquialism) ____speech of polite society is not to be con fused with the language of the (poverty)____and unedu cated classes, which shows a greater disregard for syn tax, a love of new words, and a striving for simplicity, especially in word order. Latin was the language of letters in (west)____Europe in the Middle Ages. Even for the people in (generaliza- ____to the head; a deep chest; a (density) _____ water- tion) ____, Latin continued to be a living language, be resistant double coat, usually dull black in colour; and a cause the church provided a (hugeness)_____mass of ec broad (strength) ____tail. clesiastical literature in both prose and poetry. The feet are large, strong, and webbed, for traversing The language, however, underwent many (essence) marshlands and shores. Powerful swimmers, Newfound_ ____ changes. lands are known to have rescued human beings from drown- The syntax was further simplified, new words were ing and to have carried lifelines from shore to ships in adopted from various sources, and new meanings came distress. Today they are used primarily as watchdogs and into existence; nevertheless, Latin changed far less durint companions, but they were once used to draw carts and this period than did either French or English. carry burdens. Because of their being (loyalty) ____(in In the 15th and 16th centuries New Latin, also callec telligence)____, and (tractability)____, Newfoundland dogs Modern Latin, came into being. The writers of the Ren are ideal pets. aissance produced a new and (brilliancy)____Latin liter ature that was closely (imitation) ____of Latin classica writers and especially of Cicero. Almost all books of im Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the adjec- portance, (science) ____, (philosophy) ____, and (reli tives derived from the nouns in brackets accord- gion) ____, were written in Latin at this time, including ing to the model the works of the (Holland)____scholar Desiderius Eras Model: The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in mus, the English philosopher Francis Bacon,-and the history summarizes his life (simplicity) simply 'll English physicist Isaac Newton, and Latin was the medi Divino Michelangelo." um of diplomatic intercourse among (Europe) _____na tions. Test 73 Not until the end of the 17th century did Latin cease to be an (internationalism)_____tongue. During the 18th The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in histo and 19th centuries, however, it remained the language of ry summarizes his life (simplicity) ____: "II Divino classical school, and even in the 20th century (scholar Michelangelo." ship) ___ treatises are sometimes composed in Latin. The Indeed, Michelangelo Buonarroti was held to be di Roman Catholic church still uses Latin as the language of vine by his contemporaries — it was the only way to ex- its (officiahty) ____documents. Dlain his (tremendousness)____genius. Even though Le onardo's Mona Lisa arguably ranks as the millennium's most Test 77 recognizable painting, Michelangelo's (totality) _ body of work — his sculptures, paintings, and frescoes — is The Newfoundland male is about 71 cm (height)____ unequalled. at the shoulder and weighs from 64 to 68 kg; the female Michelangelo's (popularity)____fame may rest on the stands 66 cm high and its weight is from 50 to 54 kg. The sculpture masterpiece David and the Sistme Chapel ceil Newfoundland has a (breadth)_____, massive head; small, ing, but the Italian artist had a (length) ____and (vari- deeply set, dark-brown eyes; small ears lying (closeness) ant) ____ career. He was born in 1475 in the village of percomputers and databases of information. The Internet Caprese and grew up in Florence, which was the art cap- has made it (possibility)____for people all over the world ital of the early Renaissance. His early success came as a to (effectiveness) ____and rather (cheapness) _____com sculptor, but he also excelled at painting, architecture and municate with each other. even poetry. The (fame) ____dome on the top of Saint Unlike (tradition) ____broadcasting media, such as Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is a Michelangelo design. radio and television, the Internet is a decentralized sys- Michelangelo seemed to thrive on challenge and diffi tem. Each connected individual can communicate with culty in his work. David, perhaps the most famous sculp anyone else on the Internet, can publish ideas, and can ture in the world, was completed using a block of discard sell products. ed marble. The artist spent four years (flatness) ____on The Internet has brought new opportunity for busi- his back (height)____on a scaffold in the Sistine Chapel nesses to offer goods and services online. In the future, it to complete the masterpiece painting on the ceiling. Al- may have an (equality)____dramatic impact on (height) though ceiling paintings were usually considered unimpor- ____education as more universities offer Internet-based tant and were reserved for figures because of their distance courses. from the viewer, Michelangelo produced biblical scenes ol In 1989 English computer scientist Timothy Berners- power and subtlety on the chapel ceiling. Lee introduced the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee (ini Michelangelo's best work offers a combination of de tials) ____designed the WWW to aid communication be tail and (exquisiteness) ____beauty that is unmatched tween physicists who were working in different parts of the according to art historians. His attention to the (technique, world for the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. ____aspects of human anatomy, especially the male nude As it grew, however, the WWW revolutionized the use is (brilliancy) ____and (influence) _____. of the Internet. During the early 1990s (increase) ____ The artist's work is also (intellect) ____stimulating large numbers of users who were not part of the scientific grounded in mythology, religion, and other reference or (academy) ____communities began to use the Inter (Wideness) ____considered the greatest artist of his owr net, due in large part to the ability of the WWW to (easi time, Michelangelo is still seen as a key to the flowering ness) ____handle multimedia documents. One survey of the Renaissance and is the standard against which a! found that there were 61 million Internet users worldwide (subsequence)____artists are measured. at the end of 1996, 148 million at the end of 1998, and an (estimate)____320 million in 2000. Analysts estimate that Test 79 more than 700 million people will use the Internet in 2001. The Internet is the computer-based worldwide infor Test 80 [ mation network. The Internet is composed of a larg. number of smaller interconnected networks. These net In the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century the works may link tens, hundreds, or thousands of comput church suffered an (enormity) ____blow to its authority. ers, enabling them to share information with each other One man was at the heart of that split: German theologian and to share various resources, such as (power) ____su- Martin Luther. Luther, who was born in 1483, succeeded perhaps ued to (violence)____agitate against the Roman Catholic because he attacked the (notoriety)____corruption of the Church for the rest of his life. He was also the (principal medieval Catholic Church from the inside. A priest, Luther ity) ____figure behind translating the Bible from the ancient began questioning some of Catholicism's main tenets after Hebrew and Greek into German; this translation was impor- becoming a professor of theology at the University of Wit- tant in opening religious scholarship to those without train- tenberg in 1508. ing in the ancient languages. Luther died in 1546, but his Although many others had condemned the corruption (influence) ____heritage lives on in the religious world. of the papacy and the church before, Luther focused his Protestantism stands beside Roman Catholicism and Ortho- disputes (direction)_____on certain church doctrines. doxy as one of the three main divisions of Christianity. (Basis)____among these was his belief that only God, not the Catholic Church, could grant redemption from sin. This conflicted (straightness) ____with the church's Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns policy of selling indulgences. The indulgence was a (mon derived from the adjectives in brackets according etarist) ____payment that promised the soul's release from to the model. punishment after death for sins committed during a per Model: An iceberg is a (massive) mass of freshwater ... son's lifetime. It was a (popularity) ____and (success) ____way for the church to raise money. In 1517 Luther Test 81 | (publicity) ____attacked this and other church practices that had become corrupted in his Disputation on the Power An iceberg is a (massive)____of freshwater ice that is and Efficacy of Indulgences, (commonality)____known as broken off from a (glacial)_____or an ice shelf and that the Ninety-Five Theses. floats in the ocean or in a lake. Ice floats because its Thanks to the new printing technology of the time, (dense)____is less than that of water. Luther's writings were (wideness) ____distributed, dis A typical iceberg shows only about one-fifth of its total cussed, and debated. mass above the water; the other four-fifths is submerged. Historians consider his (revolution)____ideas the sin Icebergs can be large. The largest iceberg ever sighted gle most important contribution to the Reformation, a was 335 km in (long)____and 97 km in (wide)_____, about movement that finally shattered Catholicism's 1,200-year the size of Belgium. It was seen in November 1956 by the dominance in Europe and gave rise to Protestantism. crew of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker in the Luther's defiance touched off more than a century of Ross Sea, off Antarctica. Icebergs pose a (hazardous) religious warfare and nurtured an (emergency)____spirit of ____to shipping and to offshore (active) _____in polar and nationalism throughout the continent as governments reject subpolar waters. ed the authority of Rome and established their own (nation Icebergs can have Thany different forms, depending on ality) ____churches. In 1534, for example, England's King their (original)____and age. They are usually classified as Henry VIII passed a law that created an (independence) tabular, i.e. resembling a flat tabletop, rounded, or ir- ___Church of England, with himself as its head. regular and present magnificent sights in the polar and Luther was excommunicated in 1521, but he contin- subpolar seas. Icebergs were known to early mariners and (explorato In 1985 Turner purchased MGM/UA Entertainment Com ry) ____and to sealers and whalers who hunted their prey pany, which was the (ownership) ____of the Metro-Gold- in the Arctic and Antarctic waters. Beginning in the 20th win-Mayer (MGM) and United Artists (UA) film studios. century, icebergs have been used as stabilized platforms Within months Turner sold most of the company, but for scientific stations. Some people have suggested towing he retained MGM's massive library of films, which included icebergs to places where is (scarce)____of water and melting such classics as Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz. them there, but this idea has not yet been implemented. In 1988 he launched Turner Network Television (TNT), on which many of the movies were shown. In 1996 enter- Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns tainment giant Time Warner acquired Turner Broadcast- derived from the nouns in brackets according to ing System (TBS), the parent company for all of Turner's the model businesses, in a deal valued at $7.6 billion. Model: Ted Turner is an American business (execution) The (acquirer)____made Time Warner the world's larg executive ... est media and entertainment company. Turner became vice (chairmanship) ____of Time Warner's board of directors and head of the (divider)____containing TBS businesses. Test 82 In 1997 Turner pledged to donate $1 billion to the Ted Turner is an American business (execution)____ United Nations, one of the largest single charitable (do and sports (enthusiasm)____, one of the most influential nor) ____in history. He designated the money for UN television (administration)____of the late 20th century. humanitarian causes. Turner is also the (foundation)____ Bom Robert Edward Turner III in Cincinnati, Ohio, of the Goodwill Games, a quadrennial international sports he was educated at Georgia Military Academy and Brown (competitor) ____. His generous (sponsor) ____is known University. After his father committed suicide in 1963, to many companies. Turner turned out the only heir and his (inheritor) ____ was the family billboard-advertising business. In 1970 he bought a failing television station in Atlanta and by 1975 Turner had transformed it into the first "super- Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns station" by transmitting low-cost sports and (entertainer) derived from the verbs in brackets according to ______the model. programs via satellite to cable systems throughout the coun Model: In the history of American (entertain) entertain - try. This was a highly profitable (innovator)____that accel ment no subject has been more popular than . . erated the spread of cable television nationwide. In 1980 Turner launched Cable Kews Network (CNN), Test 83 the first 24-hour television news station. Its live (cover) ____of fast-breaking news around the world helped it to In the history of American (entertain)____, no subject become a highly respected news organization, and it even has been more popular than the Civil War. Whether in tually achieved a global (view)____. novels, television shows, or movies, some of the most be- loved and durable works of popular culture have used the war as a point of (refer) ____, (depart)____, or focus. But him to use three different directors. Shooting began before no work about the Civil War has attained the place of Gone the script was even complete. With the Wind. It first won praise as a novel by Margaret Gone With the Wind premiered in Atlanta on Decem- Mitchell. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Mitchell grew up ber 15, 1939. The film became an even bigger (succeed) among (relate) ____who had first-hand memories of the ____than the book and won nine Oscars, including Best war and the 1864 (invade)____that burned their city to the picture. ground. After a brief, disastrous (marry) ____, she began By the 1970s an estimated 90 percent of the American supporting herself by writing for an Atlanta newspaper. public had seen the film in a theatre or on television. Ailing from a (vary)____of ills that plagued her until her (die)____in 1950, Mitchell retired from journalism in Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the verbs the mid-1920s and began writing her novel. She refused derived from the nouns in brackets according to repeated requests to show her manuscript to a curious (edit) the model. ____when he visited Atlanta on a scouting trip in 1935. But when an (acquaint)_____expressed surprise that Mitch Model: Today it is generally (recognition) recognized that... ell was capable of writing fiction, she angrily presented it to the agent as he was about to leave the city. He read the novel on a train, and knowing he had discovered a classic, Test 84 he offered Mitchell a book contract. Published in June 1936. Gone With the Wind became an instant publishing phenom Today it is generally (recognition) ____that Italian- enon. It sold 50,000 copies in one day, a million within si\ Spanish navigator Christopher Columbus did not "(dis months, and an average of 3700 copies a day for the rest of covery) __" the Americas, which were already (inhabit the year. In 1937 the novel won the Pulitzer Prize for fic ancy) ___by native peoples. However, he did (instiga tion. By 1997 it had sold approximately 30 million copies, tion) ____the European exploration of these lands at the periodically returning to the best-seller list. end of the 15th century. This single act of courage and Even before the book was released there was a feverish skill, thought foolish or suicidal by many at the time, set fight for the movie rights. David O. Selznick, a Holly in motion global population shifts and advances in human wood mogul who had recently created his own studio, paid knowledge that profoundly changed history. Europeans Mitchell $50,000, an astounding amount for that time. (finding) ____a new land to inhabit and (exploitation) But despite Selznick's wishes, Mitchell refused to write a .___; however, Columbus's discovery also began a clash of script or to have anything at all to do with the film's (pro cultures that (proof)____disastrous for the aboriginal peo duce) ____. ples of the Americas. Making of the film version, which took more than three Based on his studies of contemporary maps and accounts, years,was an epic in itself. Technical difficulties abound as well as on his sea travels to various European ports, ed, and editing of enormous amounts of film footage slowed Columbus (belief) ____that he could reach East Asia — the process. In (add) ____, Selznick's (perfect) ____led what he called "the Indies" — by sailing west from Europe. Finding royal backing for such a plan was not easy, however, and it was almost ten years before King Ferdi- nand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile (agreement) - by the Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano. In 1609 ____to support his voyage in 1492. the English traveller Henry Hudson made an extensive Columbus was foremost a navigational genius and (com exploration of the area, and the Dutch laid claim to the pletion) _____four successful trips from Spain to the is island on that basis. In 1624 the Dutch established trading post on southern Manhattan Island. To secure the claim, lands now known as the West Indies. On the other hand, Peter Minuit, (appointment)____by the director general as many scholars have since pointed out, his motives were of the Dutch colony of New Netherland by his govern primarily financial and personalized — he was seeking new ment, purchased the island from the Native Americans in lands for Spain and riches and glory for himself. Another 1626 for goods (value) ____at about 60 guilders, or ap aim was to (conversion)____the native peoples he (en- proximately $24. counter)____to Christianity. He even forced several na The permanent settlement began the same year at the tives to return to Spain with him to (testimony)_____to outpost, which Minuit named New Amsterdam, and it Ferdinand and Isabella of the riches of this new land. became the administrative centre of New Netherland. However, scholars (consideration) ____that in these actions and views Columbus was no better or worse thar In 1664 Charles II of England granted his brother, the other Europeans of his time. duke of York a large area (inclusion)____Manhattan Is Columbus died in 1506, just a few years after his las1 land. A fleet of English warships (armament) ____to the voyage. He never set foot on the North American mainland teeth seized New Amsterdam in the same year, and the settlement was renamed New York in honour of the duke. The many explorers who followed him opened up the The town was retaken by the Dutch in 16 73, but a year continent for European colonization and (alteration)_____ humanity's view of the world. Columhus's achievements later they ceded it back to England. were key in the transition from the Middle Ages to the During the 18th century, New York City became one modern age. of the fast (development)_____commercial centres of the British colonies in North America. It subsequently be- came a centre of revolutionary activities by American pa- Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the forms of triots. In 1776, American troops were forced to evacuate the verbs derived from the nouns in brackets ac- cording to the model. the city, which remained under British occupation until the end of the American Revolution. Model: The name Manhatten (derivative) derived from an From 1785 to 1790 New York was the seat of the U.S. Indian word means ... government. With the first stock exchange (foundation) ____in 1792 New York soon became the nation's (leader) Test 85 ____financial and commercial centre. The name Manhattan (derivative)____from an Indian word means "island of hills". In 1524 the island, then ~Test86 | (inhabitancy)____by Native Americans, was probably seen Although it is not known how humans and dogs first learned to exist, people soon discovered the many ways

117 dogs could (riches)____their lives. Dogs have been used of Pisa, Galileo began to conduct experiments testing Ar to hunt for food, herd animals, (guardian)_____livestock istotle's (theorize)____that the speed of a fall is (depend and property, (destroyer) ____rats and other pests, pull ence) ____on the (weigh)_____of the falling object. Oth carts and sleds, (performance) ____rescues, and (appre ers had questioned the theory in the past, but Galileo was hension) ____lawbreakers. They have been used during the first to use scientific experiments to disprove it — by wartime as sentinels and message carriers. Today trained dropping objects of different weights from the Tower of dogs are used to alert deaf people to common household Pisa, legend has it. sounds, such as the ringing telephone or doorbell; (guid This method of developing a hypothesis and then per ance) ____the blind; or (retrieval)_____objects for para forming an experiment to see if the hypothesis was true or lytics. Perhaps the most common of the many roles served false established physics as a (precision)____science, bring by the domesticated dog, however, is that of companion ing science as a whole out of the realm of natural philoso As animals with strong social tendencies, dogs typically phy and into the modern era. (longing) ____for close contact with their owners. And Galileo's (contribute)____to scientific knowledge were people (tendency)____to form loving bonds with dogs. also (significance)____. This companionship often helps to (easiness)____the pain He built the first telescope for astronomical purposes, and isolation of the elderly or people whose physical or mental observed that the Milky Way consisted of stars, articulated health (requirement)____long-term period of recovery. the laws of bodies in (move)____and discovered the Moon's The Newfoundland is a breed of working dog, that craters, Jupiter's largest four satellites, sun spots, and the (origin)_____in Newfoundland from the crossbreeding ol phases of Venus. native strains with foreign breeds, the latter possibly the Galileo's ideas (generation)____much controversy at Great Pyrenees or the boarhound. Must pedigree New the time, none more than his support for trie then hereti foundlands of today are (descendance)____from dogs bred cal notion that the Earth was not the centre of the uni in England. verse. In his book Dialogue on the Two Chief World Sys tems, Galileo (argument) ____for the Copernican theo ry, which held that the Sun was the centre of the solar Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the appropri- system. ate derivatives of the words in brackets according After the book was published, Galileo was charged to the model. with and found guilty of (heretical) ____by the Roman Model: .. Shakespeare was born and Michelangelo (death) Catholic Church. died He died in 1642, but the (fireplace)____of scientific revolution that he started still burn bright. Test 87 Test 88 Galileo was born near Pisa in 1564 — the same year Shakespeare was born and Michelangelo (death)____. In Born in Bonn in 1770, Beethoven is often linked with 1589, while a professor of mathematics at the University Austrian composers Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as a chief figure of the Viennese classical style Stanton was the (drive)____force behind the first wom Beethoven (briefing)____studied with Mozart while in his en's rights (convene) ____in the United States, held in teens, and the two might have become contemporary (ri 1848. valry) ____if Mozart had not died in 1791 at the age of 35 A Declaration of Sentiments, based on the famous lan Beethoven moved (permanence)____to Vienna, Aus guage of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, was (sig tria, in 1792 to study with Haydn, and he remained then nature) ____at the end of the meeting. The statement the rest of his life. The student soon (surpassingly)____ called for property and custody rights for women, criti- the teacher. cized men for barring women from higher education and Beethoven's life and career were coloured by an unu most professions, and (proposition)____that women should sual tragedy that gave him no (choose)____but to change have the right to vote — an (incredibility) ____radical and adjust: he gradually (loss)____his hearing in the earh idea at that time. 1800s and remained deaf for the rest of his life. Although Stanton and her group, the National Woman (Suffer) he could no (longing) ____perform in public and for a ____Association, began winning some battles as states time even contemplated suicide, Beethoven could still (com changed their property laws so that women could own prop- position) ____. Some of his greatest works were written erty. during and after the time of his hearing loss. In (factual) A constitutional (amend)____guaranteeing U.S. wom .___, some scholars believe that the composer's (great) en the right to vote was first (introduction)____in 1878. ____came not in spite of his deafness but becauseof it, as Stanton and her cohorts also helped women in other coun- it (freedom)____him to experiment with new forms. Ex tries in their struggles to win rights such as the vote. perts say that much of the work Beethoven composed dur However, Stanton did not believe that winning the ing his last period was (farthermost)____ahead of its time vote alone would change the plight of women, and cer tainly not overnight. History has basically justified her (be Text 89 lieve) ____. Although the battle for equal rights continues today in Until the 19th century, women were (large)____pow many places around the world, in 1920, 18 years after erless before the law. For example, a married woman her death, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution could not hold (proprietary)_____in her own name, and was finally (passage)____, giving U.S. women the vote. in divorce proceedings men were commonly awarded per manent (legalization)____custody of any children. And, Test 90 of course, women were not (allowance)____to vote. Then. in the rnid-19th century, the unthinkable happened: brave Venice is the city and seaport in northeastern Italy. women began speaking up about the (equal)____in their Venice is situated on 120 islands (formation)____by 177 lives. (Slowness)_____, 50 percent of the world's popula canals in the lagoon between the mouths of the Po and tion won largely equal (stand)____under the law. Piave rivers, at the northern (extreme)____of the Adriatic One of the most vocal and important of these women Sea. Because of its historic role as a naval (powerful)_____ was Elizabeth Cady Stanton. and (commerce) ____centre, the city is known as the "Queen of the Adriatic". A railroad and highway causeway ner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the Persian connects Venice with the mainland. Long sand bars, or Gulf to the north, Saudi Arabia to the south and west, barrier beaches, on the outer side of the lagoon serve as and Oman and the Gulf of Oman to the east. Before the (protectionist)____against the sea. The islands on which (discover)____of oil in the 1950s, the UAE was a group the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. of largely undeveloped emirates under the (protect) The Grand Canal, about 3 km (lengthen)____, winds of the British. Oil brought rapid (grow)____and modern through Venice from northwest to southeast, (division) ization to the area, and the emirates became independent ____the city into two (near)_____equal portions. No mo as the UAE in 1971. tor vehicles are (permissive)____on the narrows winding The city of Abu Dhabi, (location)____in the emirate lanes and streets that (penetration)____the old city, and of the same name, is the federal capital and the largest the bridges are for (pedestrianized)____only. city. For centuries the most common method of transpor- The UAE's (prove)_____oil reserves make up almost tation was by gondola, a flat-bottomed boat propelled by one-tenth of the world's (totality) ____, with about 90 a single oar. Today, the gondolas are used mainly bj percent in the emirate of Abu Dhabi and significant amounts tourists; motor launches carry almost all the freight and in Dubai. (Estimation) ____natural gas reserves amount passenger traffic in Venice. to about 3 percent of the world's total, with Abu Dhabi Modern Venice has faced many challenges, including again (possession)____the largest share. (lose)____of population to other areas and physical dam Other mineral resources include (modesty) ____de age from flooding, (sink) ____, air and water (pollute) posits of chrome, iron, copper, and uranium. ____, and age. Since the 1960s the UAE has progressed from a largely After severe flooding in 1966, an international effort subsistence (economic)____to a developed one that pro to (preservation)____historic Venice was coordinated by vides one of the world's highest (standardization)____of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural living. The main engine for the extraordinary growth and Organization (UNESCO), and many structures were ren development of the economy has been the oil sector, al ovated and preserved. Flooding has (occurrence) though non-oil trade has played a (significance)____role ______and all the emirates have begun to diversify their econo- throughout the history of the city; it is caused when high mies. tides combine with storm winds. The sinkage of buildings A unique feature of the UAE's economy is its (depend and other structures, caused by the (drain)____of under ent) ____on foreign labour. More than 90 percent of the ground aquifers, has been addressed by limits on ground workforce is made up of expatriates. water usage and the construction of an aqueduct from the nearby Alps. Test 91

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the (federal)_____ of seven independent states located in the southeastern cor- 8. I was used (A) to coming to (B) the bank of the Part Five j river (C) after covering (D) a two-miles walk in FIND A MISTAKE (1) the wood. 9. He would not (A) listen to the project of (B) hers (C) accompanying him (D) as far as Leeds. Directions: Identify one word or phrase marked A, B, C. or D and underlined that must be changed to 10. (A) The (B) stay-at-homes mothers stood (C) gossip make the sentence correct. What's the correct var- ing (D) at the corners of the alley. iant? 11. His house (A) was close (B) bv hand , a very pleasant Test 92 little cottage, (C) painted white with (D) green tiled roof. 1. He did not understand (A) their speak because (B) his knowledge of German (C) was derived (D) from his 12. He was so tired and (A) depressed that he felt he couldn't public school. move (B) any longer : so he (C) laid on his back in the old grass (D) looking UP . 2. He (A) was surprised. Both (B) window and ,(C) door (D) was open . 13. You are trying (A) to make me (B) feel that I need not (C) be grateful (D) for you , 3. (A) Though he tried (B) hard , he couldn't open the window (C) despite of all his (D) efforts . 14. As soon as Ann and (A) her suitcase (B) was in the taxi, Mike told the driver (C) to go to the station 4. Sam (A) as well as Nick and Mary (B) were enjoy- (D) as fast as possible. ing the valley (C) beneath them at the crack of (D) dawn . 15. She (A) couldn't help (B) to overhear them, because they (C) were speaking too (D) loudly about Keith. 5. (A) A sudden thought (B) struck him and he suggested (C) to search all (D) the other rooms in the house. Test 93 6. The letter was (A) hers, and she (B) wouldn't wish I. (A) How seems to be (B) the greatest injustice of all, (C) anybody else but Mum (D) reads it. however, is that (C) the new lands that Columbus discovered (D) were never given his name. 7. The plan of the rooms was (A) not familiar w ith me and I felt (B) a little (C) uncertain which way 2 Why (A) are you standing (B) in the doors? Come in (D) to go. and (C) make (D) oneself at home. 3. She was (A) wearing a (B) plain white dress and (C) was 14. My brother (A) as well as I (B) am ready (C) to ac- helding a red rose (D) in her hand . company you (D) to the station .

4. He was (A) in a great hurry and had no time to (B) think 15.The wedding party (A) was forced to abandon their it over . Otherwise he (C) had found (D) another cars and (B) literally to fight C) their way into the way out. Old Town Hall (D) on foot - 5. I want (A) to ask him what decision (B) will he take Test 94 and (C) also I'd like (D) to find out the date. 1. (A) As your arguments are (B) strong , they (C) 6. Her father did not want (A) her to make friends with can not convince me (D) in the least . Pete and Sally (B) because they (C) influenced on her badly, (D) to his mind . 2. Though he failed to find (A) a new route to Asia, Columbus made the lands and peoples of the western 7. But why (A) should he (B) take all her perpetual nui hemisphere (B) to know to Europeans, (C) setting in sance (C) on himself? It was not (D) fairly . motion a chain of events that altered human history (D) on a global scale. 8. It is (A) silly _(B) from me, but I can't help (C) think ing of the letter. I remember (D) seeing it on the table. 3. My next task was (A) to approach (B) to the shore with my things, and I found it (C) by no 9. He (A) made it (B) clear once more that (C) the missed means (D)easy . books were (D) to be received and brought to him. 4. Now (A) listen to me!" he said, (B) I'll speak to 10. He (A) wondered now (B) weather Harris was (C) the you (C) a few things that you (D) might have asked man he ought to work (D) for , before starting out."

11. (A) After all. (B) there was no (C) doubt as to (D) that 5. He (A) hasn't visited us (B) for a long time . He he meant. (C) must not have been told that we have already re- turned (D) home . 12. (A) The Colossus of Rhodes was (B) a bronze 30 - metre statue of the Greek sun god Helios, erected about 6 (A) While our trip we had (B) an accident (C) in 280 BC (C) to guard the entra nce to the harbor a which I had my leg (D) badly hurt. Rhodes; it was destroyed about (D) 55 years later. 7. He (A) is dependent (B) of his parents' aid though 13. He (A) awoke (B) with a start . He stretched his he tried (C) his best to become (D independent of (C) cramped body and wondered (D) what time was it them. 8. (A) Mrs. H enley's nightmare (B) has begun the 2. The works of (A) this Scottish and Irish authors who are (C) previous Saturday afternoon while she (D) was play- (B) closely identified (C) with English life and letters ing with her sons in the park, are also considered (D) part of English literature, 9. (A) The air p ressure in the balloon is (B) much more 3. James Clerk Maxwell (A) was considered one of (B) the greater than (C) the air pressure (D) in the jar. 19th century's most important scientists was (C) the 10. He was (A) a third-year student , just (B) begun his first to demonstrate that light (D) consists of electro (C) in-hospital training and willing to learn (D) as magnetic waves. much as possible . 4. (A) This p iece of land is (B) much larger than (C) the 11- (A) Instead of delivering key points from my (B) stand - Alaska and California combined and has (D) a total ard lecture on medical education, I decided to keep population of only 26,000 people. (C) quietly and let Henry and the other students (D) learn that lesson from a patient instead. 5. It seems (A) at the first sight (B) natural to explain the facts (C) by assuming the existence of something 12. Mrs. Ludlow was (A) an attractive woman in her (D) either at rest or in motion in each body. (B) mid-thirties , but she looked as if she (C) could use (D) a good nights' sleep . 6. Managing to get (A) within about a hundred yards (B) of the shore I saw (C) a native and asked him 13. (A) Until she looked (B) fine , she behaved as if she (D) what was the name of the place . (C) were in a world (D) of her own . 7. (A) It seems to me that this statement is (B) primarily 14. (A) His 12-volumes series of novels, grouped undci a declaration of love (C) of the land , in which the the title A Dance to the Music of Time, is a (B) highly several elements — (D) the woman, the dress, and readable account of the lives and careers of people in this plain — are at last become one reality. the arts and politics (C) from before World War II to many years (D) afterward. 8. (A) The lake region is a very stormy one, and a day never passes (B) without thunder , while a storm 15. John Le Carre (A) won popularity for (B) ingeniously (C) can always be seen somewhere, although (D) they complex espionage tales, (C) losely based (D) on hi s never last long . own experience in the British foreign service. 9. (A) I seemed to see the sailor, wandering (B) from a Test 95 point to a point . (C) crossing and recrossing . going 1. She got me (A) use this (B) shade of colour although (D) from some island to some headland . I (C) strongly objected (D) to it . 10. I (A) could not help admiring the scene, and I seemed to see (B) as in a vision (C) what would happen (D) in 4. As I waited to see if the treatment (A) would ease the days come . (B) William's pain. I thought about what (C) he would face if (D) he would lose the use of his right hand. 11. It was only (A) another day I (B) received a letter from a man at Mengo (C) saving (D) there were 50C 5. (A) For centuries this species (B) have been a famil children in the Mengo school every day. iar sight (C) in southern Spain , in Africa, and in the (D) warmer parts of Asia. 12. It has been (A) slow work and they have often felt (B) depressed . (C) broke-hearted , and (D) dispirited 6. These essays (A) are distinguished by (B) a very justly appreciation of the merits and (C) demerits of Poe 13. While (A) congratulating ourselves on (B) that has beet (D) as a writer. accomplished during (C) the last twentv-seven years we should remember (D) gratefully the services of many 7. (A) At age 33 Michelangelo (B) had already made his people. reputation (C) as a sculptor (D) equal to any ancient Greek or Roman. 14. I (A) took (B) a close look at his right hand. (C) Except for some mild swelling of the fingertips, it looked (D) jus; 8. He (A) made a recommendation (B) regarding to the as his left hand . opening up of additional sources of (C) cold milk and (D) liquid yogurt. 15. (A) Entirely ignorant of the (B) published process but. (C) determined to be published, she sold the first ston 9. (A) The sole reason of publishing a complete edition (D) she submitted. of (B) the works of Shelly , as of any other writer, must be (C) to increase the facilities for the student of Test 96 | the particular period in which (D) he lived.

1. As we began (A) our two-and-a-half-hour (B) dead 10. Albright graduated (A) with honors (B) Welleslev Col fall (C) toward the bottom, we discovered the sonar lege, near Boston, Massachusetts, in 1959 with a (D) was not working. (C) bachelor's degree (D) in political science. 2. When we burn (A) our skin by touching something (B) extremely hot , it is (C) the high temperature that (D) kill the cells. 11. Electronics (A) was born 55 years ago when Lee De Forest (B) invented the first (C) three-electrodes vac 3 The planet that (A) circles (B) the sun most rapidly is uum tube — (D) the "audion". (C) the Mercury , which makes (D) a full circuit_ in 87.6 days. 12. I didn't believe it (A) would happ en until I (B) saw your boat (C) to come through the (D) timber rafts . 13. His days (A) are filled (B) of a succession of surpris 6. Seats are also (A) much harder to get in (B) Australia es, usually disagreeable, and (C) constant happenings spring, when the wild flowers are (C) in bloom in West of (D) the unexpected, ern Australia and the journey becomes (D) especially popular. 14. (A) Among this mountainous region and (B) the Car ibbean shore stretches a low level country, (C) cov 7. The products of the country are (A) numerous (B) de ered with a dense forest . (D) rich in rubbe r, cedar, spite the fact that its resources are (C) as yet almost and dye woods. entirely (D) undevelop .

15. The foreigners (A) on t he board quickly discover that 8. (A) The coffee is grown (B) in large quantitie s in the their Australian (B) travelling companions are an hilly region in the northwest; (C) sugar , tobacco, cot (C) essentially friendly (D) breed. ton, rice, indigo and cacao plantations abound (D) between the lakes and the Pacific. Test 97

1. But (A) deep inside I still had this feeling that there 9. The crew (A) was made up (B) largely of (C) experi was a place where I could breathe (B) more free enced seam en and (D) few government officials. and where (C) my own hard work would be (D) the 10. My father, James F. Reed, was (A) the originator of measure of my success and the source of my exist the party, and (B) the Donner brothers . George and ence, Jacob, who lived just (C) a little way out of Springfield, (D) decided to join them. 2. (A) Each journey for a man or a woman is (B) v small achievement (C) in himself , an exercise (D) in 11.In the (A) winter long evenin gs Grandma Keyes conquering a continent. (B) used (D) to tell me Indian stories which (D) fasci nated and astonished me. 3. (A) Having booked two weeks or so (B) in advance is usually (C) sufficient to guarantee a seat (D) on th e 12. Her sons (A) tried to dissuade her (B) from the long Indian Pacific train . and (C) fatiguing journey, but (D) for vain. 4. Preparations for (A) each year's race , held (B) early 13. (A) The knowing that books were always (B) scarce in March , begin as soon as the last one (C) is over — a new country, we (C) also took a good library of with careful review of (D) any mistakes . (D) standard works.

5. Draining (A) nearly a third of (B) the European Rus 14. We (A) children were afraid (B) of the oxens. thinking sia. the river flows 2,300 miles from (C) the Valdai they could go (C) wherever they (D) pleased as they Hills (D) northwest of Moscow to the Caspian Sea. had no bridles. 15. (A) Could we have looked into the future and (B) have 8. A new route (A) had just been opened by L. W. Hast seen the misery (C) before us . these lines (D) had ings, which (B) passed (C) along the eastern shore of never been written . (D) Mediterranean . Test 98 9. (A) The central plateau region runs for (B) approxi mately 1210 miles and the passage (C) is said to short 1. I watched them (A) closely . (B) hardly dare to draw ened the distance (D) bv three hundred miles . my breath, and (C) feeling sure they (D) would sink the boat in the middle of the stream. 10. To prevent (A) the Portuguese (B) from attempting to claim his discoveries, Columbus sent a letter to Pope 2. (A) Stretching out before us (B) as far as the eye could Alexander VI, (C) himself a Spaniard , as soon as reach was (C) a valley as green as emerald , dotted (D) he arrived to Spain . here and there with flowers of (D) each imaginable colour. 11. My father (A) was so eager to reach California that (B) he was quick (C) at taking advantage (D) of any 3. (A) As the river (B) remained high and there was (C) no means to shorten the distance. prospect of fording it . the men (D) went working to cut down trees . 12. We (A) were sure by Brown and his party that the (B) only bad part was the (C) forty-mile drive through 4. Exercise (A) in the open air under bright skies, and the desert (D) by the shore of the lake. (B) freedom of danger (D) combined to make this par of our journey (D) an ideal pleasure trip . 13. After a brief meeting (A) aboard ship , arrangements were made for (B) another meeting, this one (C) at 5. At night when we (A) drove into camp , our wagon - Christmas Day . December 25, at the chiefs residence (B) were placed (C) so as to form a circle, into which in a (D) nearby village . (D) our cattle was driven . 6. (A) The Pharos of Alexandria (circa 280 BC), locat 14. (A) But for (B) the advice of these people we (C) should ed (B) on an island (C) in the harbour of Alexandria, continue (D) on the old Fort road. was a famous ancient lighthouse standing (D) more than 134 m in tall: it was destroyed in the 14th centuo 15.The water (A) in these wells was pure and cold, (B) enough welcome after the alkaline pools (C) from 7. (A) Althou gh viruses cannot be treated (B) with anti which we (D) had been forced to drink - biotics. which are effective only (C) against bacteria l the body's immune system has many natural defenses Test 99 against (D) virus infections. . 1- We crept (A) closer together , and, when we (B) com- plained on the cold, papa placed all five of our dogs 10.In May 1505 (A) King Ferdinand finally granted Co around us, and (C) only for the warmth of these lumbus an audience in which the explorer (B) was faithful creatures we should (D) doubtless h ave per- allowed to present his claims to his titles and (C) the ished. rich of (D) the Indies .

2. (A) Worn with (B) travel and (C) greatly discouraged 11. At night, radiation lowers (A) water we (D) reached to the shore of the Great Salt Lake. temperature 3. These types of (A) athletic injuries typically (B) result (B) comparatively slow , but land cools rapidly, (C) becoming cooler than the air above it; (D) conse in twisting , (C) such as when a gymnast lands quently a fog is formed. (D) improperly

4. The committee (A) raised numerous objection?, 12.I don't want to be (A) like James. He works (B) hard because he is (C) anxiousl y (D) to succeed . (B) asked many questions , and, (C) in the end . (D) rejected to the plan . 13. (A) Have you found the book (B) of which we (C) were speaking (D) another day ? 5. (A) Initially Columbus (B) had difficulty (C) to recruit a crew because many sailors (D) feared a voyage into 14. Micronesia is one of the three major divisions of (A) the the unknown. Pacific, Islands , encompassing (B) more than 2.000 islands in the Pacific Ocean east of (C) the Philip 6. (A) Between (B) the Pacific and these lakes there is pines , and (D) on the most part north of the equator. (C) a narrow strip of land , from twelve to thirty miles (D) width. 15. (A) Highly cultured, he wrote poetry (B) either in Persian and his Turkic (C) mother tongue , and he also left a 7. (A) Navigation in the 15th century was far from (B) an volume of memoirs that has been (D) widely translated. exact science , (C) as several navigational tools and aids (P) were available . Test 100 8. (A) Since quite different, all three variants of chess are believed (B) to have evolved from (C) a common an cestor — either a 6th-century game played in India 1 (A) Having surprised and puzzled. I (B) slowly turned or (D) an earlier game played in China. my head and saw Robin, (C) Naomi's two-year-old 9. (A) Saving Ben's hand (B) might also save his fairly daughter, (D) grooming the thin cotton of my shirt. because he was (C) the sole breadwinner for his large 2 Aesop is (A) an ancient Greek writer of (B) fables , family and (D) ailment parents who is supposed (C) to_be a (d) freed slave from Thrace, 3 (A) Babson college (B) was founded in 1919 by Roger Ward Babson, an American statistician and economist who (C) made a fortune in the early 1900s by providing 11. (A) Released in 1985, Back to the Future is a (B) hit (D) a financial information _and analysis to investors. motion picture about a teenager transported back (C) in the time to (D) the 1950s. 4. Babylon is one of (A) the most important cities of the ancient world, (B) who is location today is marked by 12. When (A) out of sight of land, ancient seafarers de a (C) broad area of ruins just east of (D) the Euphra rived clues about their location (B) by having meas tes River. ured water depth, monitoring (C) wind pattern and wave shape, and observing the position of the Sun as it 5. Tell (A) that brother of yours that he (B) had better moved (D) across the sky . (c) to get out of here if he does not want (D) to be hurt. 13. Jordan boosted the popularity of the Nike (A) shoe company and other sponsors (B) with his sincere, 6. (A) Alexander the Great captured the city in 330 BC plainspoken endorsements and his appeal (C) as a bas and planned to rebuild it and (B) make it the capital of ketball player and spokesperson was (D) strong espe his vast empire, (C) but he was died b efore he could cially among children and teenagers. (D) carry out his plans. 7. Seven Wonders of the World are (A) works-of art and 14. Most scientists agree that life (A) on Earth (B) is now faced (C) the most severe extinction episode since the architecture (B) regarded by ancient Greek and Ro event that drove the dinosaurs (D) extinct , man observers (C) to be (d) the most extraordinary structures of antiquity. 15. Bacon wrote letters of (A) a sound advice to Elizabeth 8. The plains (A) were alived with buffalo, and herds I, Queen of England, but his suggestions (B) were never implemented , and he completely lost favour (B) could be seen every day (C) coming to the Platte (C) with the Queen in 1593, when he opposed a bill (D) to drink . for (D) a royal subsidy . 9. Institutions of (A) higher learning (B) have granted degrees since the 12th century and the Academic De Test 101 gree is a title granted by (C) a college or university, usually signifying completion of (D) an establishing course 1 We (A) have harvested the fish and shellfish of the of study. (B) world's largest lakes and oceans in volumes that (C) makes it impossible for populations to recover fast 10. People dive as a way (A) to enter the water, but they enough (D) to meet our harvesting needs. also dive (B) in fun and (C) in competition , attempt' ing to perform airborne acrobatics before coming into 2 (A) The Chinese possessed the wealth and the seafaring the water (D) gracefully . skills that (B) would enable them (C) to explore , but they had (D) little interest in the world outside of China. 3. And everywhere we go, whether (A) by purpose or 11. The company wanted to repeat (A) the success of (B) the (B) by accident , we have brought along species that Spanish : the colonists were to (C) look after gold and (C) disrupt local ecosystems and, in many cases, drive silver, for a passage to Asia, and for other discover native (D) species extinct . ies that (D) would quickly reward investors.

4. The city is noted chiefly (A) by hot mineral springs 12. I want (A) to hear (B) what the piano sounds (C) like . which (B) were known in the time of (C) the Roman just in case (D) I will be asked to sing this afternoon. Empire : remains of Roman baths (D) have been dis covered here. 13. Although some people spend one or two years there (A) at a time , the majority of them (B) visits just 5. In 1873 the duke of Beaufort (A) had introduced the (C) for the summer months when (D) good weather game (B) to royalty (C) at his country estate, Bad facilitates fieldwork. minton House, and the sport became known a (D) badminton . 14. (A) Formed in 1959, the Beatles (B) were composed (C) from four musicians born in Liverpool; the drum 6. (A) The polar bear . (B) the only marine bear , is also.. mer Peter Best in 1962 (D) was replaced by Ringo known as the ice bear in some languages because of its Starr. (C) prefer for hunting (D) on sea ice . 15. (A) The Pyramids of Egypt, built at Giza during the 7. Like (A) the short story . (B) the novel tells (C) the 4th Dynasty are the oldest (B) of Seven Wonders of story , but unlike (D) the short story , it presents more the World and the only (C) ones remaining (D) intact- than an episode. ly today.

8. The last continent (A) to be discovered . Antarctic (B) remained hiddened behind barriers of fog, storm, and sea ice (C) until it was first sighted in (D) the early 19th century.

9. Many advertisements focused (A) on Michael Jorda n determination (B) to succeed and (C) encouraged kids to "be (D) like Mike ".

10 (A) Because the extreme cold and (B) the lack of native peoples, forests, land animals, and (C) obvious natu- ral resources, the continent remained (D) largely ne- glected for decades after discovery. Ross Ice Shelf near Roosevelt Island just four days Part Six FIND A before Scott's team began their journey. MISTAKE (2) 9. Trucks are usually larger and more heavier than auto mobiles and differ in basic construction. 10. Double trailers resemble two smaller trailers linked to gether and can maneuver through tight turns more Directions: There is one erroneous word or phrase in each easily than standard trailers do. sentence below. Identify the mistakes and correct 11. Some of today's dolls walk and have facial expressions them. that change, hairs can be repeatedly washed and styled because each strand is firmly embedded in the scalp. Test 102 12. There was something in his low, languid voice that 1. Cultural historians point out that acquisition of con was absolutely fascinated. sumer goods, which had been scarce during wartimes 13. In the United States the cabinet consists of the presi became a central feature of postwar life. dent's advisers, each of whose is a department head. 2. From Montreal to Lake Ontario, St. Lawrence Rive; 14. Firstly cultivated in South America, the cacao tree was introduced Into Europe during the 16th century. rises 68 m in elevation and has several regions of rap 15. Because you have the most marvelous youth, and youth ids. is the one thing worth to have. 3. In the 19th century, Canada constructed canals and locks to allow commercial vessels navigating this par. of the river, and by 1900 all of the component water ways had a minimum depth of 4 m. 1 During War II, Miami has served as a major military 4. Lack of food forced the party turn back within 179 km training area, and thousands of soldiers settled in the of the pole. area after the war ended in 1945. 5. No one knows exactly how many species are being lost 2. The strongest tornadoes may sweep houses from their because nobody of us knows exactly how many species foundations, destroy bricks buildings, toss cars and exist on Earth. school buses through the air, and even lift railroad 6. They became the chief European traders with theIro cars from their tracks. quois, supplying them with firearms, blankets, metal 3. The moment I met you I saw that you were quite un tools, and other European trade goods for exchange consciously of what you really are, of what you really of furs. might be. 7. Amundsen originally sought the North Pole, but when 4 If a cabinet lacks either legislative or popular sup- that had been conquered in 1909 he set his sights on port, the government said to fall, and the executive must form a new cabinet capable of winning the re- the South Pole. quired support. 8. He together with his companions were ready for the 5 But she felt afraid of him, and ashamed being afraid. journey; they set out from the Bay of Whales on the 6. If caught outside by a hurricane, a person should lie 6. As he took his first steps on the lunar surface, Arm flatly in a ditch and cover his or her head for protec strong could have been seen in remarkably clear tele tion from flying debris. vision pictures taken by a camera. 7. I never talk when I am working, and never listen too, and 7. A cabinet of the British type typically comprises of mem it must be dreadfully tedious for my unfortunate sitters. bers of the party that has a decisive majority in the 8. In 1642 Pascal created a machine to get free his fa legislature. ther, who was a tax collector, from the tedious task ol g. The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as adding columns of numbers. floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and tsunamis, and of 9. Let us have something icing to drink, something with communicating disaster information to the public, has strawberries in it. improved immensely as science and technology have 10. She could not help to like the tall, graceful youn^ advanced. man who was standing by her. 9. He seated at the piano, with his back to them, turning 11. For nearly ten minutes he stood there, motionlessly over the pages of a volume of Schumann's "Forest with parted lips, and eyes strangely bright. Scenes". 12. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through it 10. Popular character dolls include teenage "Barbie" dolls, I could see three small boats rising and falling on the launched in 1959, for which a variety of clothing are long Pacific swells. available. 13. Unless they don't resign, cabinet members serve foi 11. He was certainly wonderful handsome, with his fine the duration of the term or terms of the president who ly-curved scarlet lips, his frank blue eyes, his crisp appoints them. gold hair. 14. He felt as if a hand of ice had been lain upon his heart 12. Maximum trailer height and width are dictated by state 15. It is rather late, and, as you have to dress, you would law and vary from a state to a state. better lose no time. 13. In the 15th century a new technological development — the paper — revolutionized the production of Euro Test 104 pean books. 14. He is a professional brother of yours, and yours pres 1. "Just turn your head a little more to the right, Dori ence may be of assistance to me. an, as a good boy,*' said the painter, deep in his work. 15. "If you ever go to India, Miss Verinder, don't take 2. As the calculator is a very modern invention, ma your uncle birthday's gift with you," he said. chines able to perform addition and subtraction have existed for centuries. Test 105 3. A look of joy came into his eyes, as if he recognized himself for the first time. 1. There was something in his face that made one trust 4. You should not go away when I asked you. oneself at once. 5. Both of you have made me to hate the finest piece of 2. The painter was busy mixed his colours and getting his work I have ever done, and I will destroy it. brushes ready. 3. All the innocence of youth was there, as well as a) 2. It was paper Europeans learned about from the Islamic youth passionate purity. world which acquired it from China. 4. For more than a century, doll collecting has been 3. "You are an enthusiast in your line of thought, I per popular hobby, and collections have exhibited in mu ceive, sir, because I am in mine," said he. seums throughout the world. 4. A good-natured Indian family who had been living here 5. Would you think it awfully rude from me if I asked you for three or four years gave us welcome and lay before to go away? us gourds full of cool, delicious water and a few cold 6. Trucks come in many different varieties and are classi boiled sweet potatoes. fied by weigh, type, and the job they perform. 5. The ruins of buildings were made of blocks of granite, 7. Sailboat competitions are governed by strictly, inter some of which was beautifully fitted together in the nationally recognized racing rules. most refined style of Inca architecture. 8. Renaissance books were established the convention o 6. 50 cents for his day's labour were not unreasonable, the title page and the preface, or introduction. although it was two and one-half times his usual day's 9. The tea brewed from the dried leaves of this plant has wage. been drink in China since perhaps the 28th century 7. Gradually the table of contents, illustrations' list, BC. explanatory notes, bibliography, and index were 10. We found in the midst of a tropical forest, beneath added, the shade of whose trees we could make out a maze of 8. Perceval, a mythical figure of traditional Welsh tales, ancient walls. is said to have been a member of King Arthur's legen 11. He offered to show me the ruins, which he had once dary nights of the Round Table. visited if I would pay him well for his services. 12. The accident gave Bell insight how voices could be been forgotten, however. reproduced at a distance. 10. Although her parents were more concerned with mak 13. One felt that he had kept oneself unspotted from the ing sure she knew to knit and sew, she always wanted world. to be a writer. 14. The rarity and value of a book are determined by cer 11. You are much more better than you pretend to be. tain criterion, many of which are, in fact, irrelevant 12. I told her that I loved her, and she said she was not to the literary merit of the work. worthy being my wife. 15. He was a very tall, thin man, with a long nose, which 13. Women, as some witty Frenchman once put it, in shot out between two keen, grey eyes, sat closely together spire us with the desire to do masterpieces and always prevent us to carry them out. Test 106 14. The wide rooms seemed too narrow for his gait, and to himself he was in terror lest his broad shoulders 1. The most important rules for sailboat competitions are collide with the doorways. aimed on the avoidance of collisions between compet- 15. He did not know how was she was dressed, except that ing boats. the dress was as wonderful as she. 15. He watched the easy walk of the other in front of him, Test 107 and for the first time realized that his walk was differ- ent from that of another men. 1. He had seen oil paintings in the show windows of shops but the glass of the windows had prevented his eage, Test 108 eyes to approach too near. 2. He waved his hand and muttered that it was nothing a 1. We went ashore in one of their boats, and could not all, what he had done, and that any fellow would do n help congratulating them heartily with the beauty of 3. For 25 years I have dealt with those species, and I havs the site they had chosen. come to the conclusion that a few members of the an 2. Colleges seem to have set down at random and to have imal kingdom are so difficult to keep in captivity. grown in erratic, unpredictable directions. 4. Shortly before the United States entered into the wa 3. A house for sale looks wonderfully in the summer sun Peters made a speech at a meeting of the Civic Leagu- shine, and it seems cheap compared with prices in in his hometown. Britain or Holland or especially Paris. 5. He was evidently unused to wear stiff collars. 4. 1 objected strongly, but at the end I agreed to under 6. Of course such an enthusiast became known to all oi take the mission. the board. 5. Several years ago we would be denied entry into Mus 7. He saw her hand coming out to his, and she lookec cat, for the country was closed to outsiders. him straightly in the eyes as she shook hands, frankly 6. In rising, the air cools and this is the cause for various like a man. meteorological phenomena: clouds, rain, snow, 8. I have been looking forward to meet you ever since storms. Arthur told us, 7. Since Grasse has long been associated with the crea 9. Those who have never seen Lake Superior get an in tion of high-class perfumes, much of the real money adequate, even inaccurate idea, by hearing its spoke.i today lies in the production of aromas and flavours for of as a "lake". more common product. 10. You have such a scar on your neck, Mr. Eder. 8. He made a great fortune, but, what was more, he How did it happen? I am sure it must be some adven used it nobly, not for hisself, but for his country and ture. his Empire. 11. Everything was ready and we had only to wait favour 9. The problem is so difficult and the road travels so long, able weather conditions. however, that the work cannot be undertaken too soon. 12. I wish father had such bad luck with his farm machinery 10. It wouldn't be half so interesting if we knew all about 13. Why are you keeping silent? Would you rather I wouldn't everything, wouldn't it? talk? 11. Matthew was not used to decide on the colours of ladies' 14. Each of the girls pointed out to me the direction in dresses, but in tiiis case there couldn't be much doubt. which her father's farm lay, and told me how many 12. She knew only that no man had ever affected on her acres were in wheat that year and how much in corn before as this one had. 13. A few provincial cities anywhere are more crowded with 13. They gave us a great number of advice in exchange incident and achievement. for our confidence. 14. The scenery of the bay is of the grandest description 14. If we could take off then, all would have been well. There is nothing as it elsewhere in Ontario. 15. Calculations show that the energy liberated from the 15. That time is in the last hours of the night or the twi modification of atoms containing in six drops of water light that procedes dawn. would be sufficient to light up one of the world's great cities for several hours. Test 109 Test 110 1. Other arrests are making today, and occasionally a big fight. 1. Found in 1621, the botanic garden is the oldest garden 2. It is no snow, or rain, or fog, or frost, and there in Britain and third oldest in the world. can be no deposits of ice on the plane. 2. The balloon was ready and we planned to take from 3. Every morning she had coffee, an orange juice, and a very early in the morning, just before sunrise. bagel with cream cheese or grape jam. 3. It was a surprise me to see them there; so I stood 4. This time I reached in safety to the farther side; but wondering what was going on. there a difficulty arose which we had not foreseen. 4. Naturalists have been staggered by the Amazon's di 5. When the morning of the 5th dawned we were' covered versity ever since the first European researchers set feet deep in snow, a storm had bursted in the night, and all in the South American rain forest more than 200 years around was hidden in a dense sheet of driving snowflakes ago. 6. Large flocks of wild goose were seen passing over the 5. The Prime Minister Macdonald promised the residents country. of British Columbia that if they joined the dominion, 7. Hard life has left deep wrinkles on his face and work- a railway would be built across the whole of Canada. worn hands, making him look older than his 51 years 6. The deeper into the park I drive, the visible is the 8. But despite the recognition that the Amazon is one of human impact. Earth's great centres of biodiversity, the underlying 7. She kept staring at me; finally, concluding I must be causes of its richness remains unknown. asleeping, she eased away 9. My momma was home from work when I got there 8. It was a rich, beautiful country, although the snow that afternoon and I told her about missed school. laid some inches deep. 10. The water carries to the fields through channels, but 9. These are cosmic rays that present a number of prob it is barely enough and must be carefully divided. lems of high interest to physicists. 11. Dreams don't often come true, do they? Wouldn't it 10. Matthew's companion stopped to talk, partly because be nice if they would? she was out of breath and partly because they had 12. Every line of the really great poets is filled with beauti reached the car. ful true, and calls to all that is high and noble in the 11. When we got on the train I felt as if everybody must human. look at me and pitying me. 12 The diverse plant collection contains 8,000 species, 11. A great sand sea along the Africa's South Atlantic coast, which represent 90 percents of the world's plant fam I the Namib Desert, gives South-West Africa its new ilies. 1 name, Namibia. 12. Is Venice still sinking? This is the question everybody 13 Those rocky shores may turn to be the richest part of outside Venice seem to ask. ' the whole Dominion. 13. Was he die of thirst and hunger on this high solitude 14 I tried going to sleep, but the jolting made me bite my before he could recover sufficiently to climb down? ' tongue and * * soon be£an t0 acne a^ over- 14. As a host, he treated us cheerfully, and friendly. 15 She'll ttf tne **rs* Scandinavian girl to get a position 15. It is necessary that he will be there at 5 sharp. ' in the h^ scno°l- We ought to have been proud of her! Test 111 |

1 The win*' C011^ prevent us from taking off, so we had to choos^ tne ^me wrien tnere was last probability of having v^n"- 2 We eathere(* fartner data about the nature of cosmic ravs that c°uld not have been obtained with an un manned^110011- 3 He by n° means said s°> or hinted so, in words; bin on the ^°'e *l was a'^ ^ gathered from him in thi-. consider^e tete-a-tete of us. 4 Would IP t0 stU(ty at Oxford, I would be happy. 5° At noon $ March 5, the sun just rose above the hori I * zon for 3 few mmul:es> and then disappeared again It was the first time I saw it since October 1. I ^ £ven ^g natives complained of the bitter air tha evening. 'l was s0 ^een as fr°zen steel. 7 In this v^d of sand there lives animal species tin/ 1 " flourish tftn-out ever seeing a living plant. 8 Another3 ^ew n0UIS' sleep and we were on the tra I again. 9 Venice cov'ers a mere three-square miles. You couU walk fromone enc^t0 another in an hour. 10 I had ntfer seen a coast that looked so much like ' ' southern England's one.

Part Four Word-Building (2)

Test 16 ancient, neighbouring, dominant, cultured, various, numerous, frequent, colloquial, poor, western, general, huge, essential, brilliant, imitative, scientific, philosophical, religious, Dutch, European, international, scholarly, official

Test 77 high, broad, close, dense, strong, loyal, intelligent, tractable

Test 78 simply, tremendous, total, popular, long, varied, famous, flat, high, exquisite, technical, brilliant, influential, intellectually, Widely, subsequent

Test 79 powerful, possible, effectively, cheaply, traditional, equally, higher, initially, increasingly, academic, easily, estimated

Test 80 enormous, notorious, directly, Basic, straight, mon etary, popular, successful, publicly, commonly, widely, revolutionary, emergent, national, independent, violent ly, principal, influential

Test 81 mass, glacier, density, length, width, hazard, activity, origin, explorers, scarcity

Test 82 executive, enthusiast, administrators, inheritance, entertainment, innovation, coverage, viewership, owner, acquisition, chairman, division, donations, founder, competition, sponsorship

Test 83 entertainment, reference, departure, relatives, invasion, marriage, variety, death, editor, acquaintance, production, addition, perfectionism, success

Test 84 recognized, discover, inhabited, instigate, found, exploit, proved, believed, agreed, completed, convert, encountered, testify, consider, altered

Test 85 derived, inhabited, appointed, valued, including, armed, developing, founded, leading

Test 86 enrich, guard, destroy, perform, apprehend, guide, retrieve, long, tend, ease, requires, originated, descended

Test 87 died, theory, dependent, weight, precise, contributions, significant, movement, generated, argued, heresy, fires

Test 88 briefly, rivals, permanently, surpassed, choice, lost, longer, compose, fact, greatness, freed, far

Test 89 largely, property, legal, allowed, equality, Slowly, standing, driving, convention, signed, proposed, incredibly, Suffrage, amendment, introduced, beliefs, passed Test 90 4. C found formed, extremity, power, commercial, protection 5. B he will take long , dividing, nearly, permitted, penetrate, pedestn 6. C influenced her ans, loss, sinkage, pollution, preserve, occurred, drain age 7. D fair 8. Bof 9. C the missing books Test 91 10. B whether federation, discovery, protection, growth, located 11. Dwhat proven, total, Estimated, possessing, modest, economy 12. B a 30-metre bronze statue standards, significant, dependence 13. D what time it was 14. B is ready 15. A were forced Part Five Find a Mistake (1) Test 94 1. A Although Test 92 2. B known 1. A them speak 3. B the shore 2. D were open 4. B I'll tell you 3. C despite 5. C may/might not have been told 4. B was enjoying 6. A During 5. C searching 7. Bon 6. D read it 8. B had begun 7. A not familiar to 9. B much greater 8. Da two-mile walk 10. B beginning 9. C to accompany 11. C quiet 10. B stay-at-home mothers 12. D a good night's sleep 11. Bat hand 13. A Although 12. C lay 14. A His 12-volume series of novels 13. D to you 15. C loosely 14. B were 15. B overhearing Test 95 Test 93 1. A to use 2. A these Scottish and Irish authors 1. A What , 3. A considered 2. D yourself f 4. C Alaska and California 3. C was holding I 5. A at first sight 6. D what the name of the place was 7. C for the land 8. A Coffee 8. D it never lasts long 9. Da few government officials 9. B point to point 10. D decided to join him 10. D in the days to come 11. A long winter evenings 11. A the other day 12. D in vain 12. C broken-hearted 13. A Knowing 13. B what has been accomplished 14. B of the oxen 14. D just like his left hand 15. D would never have been written 15. B publishing process Test 98 Test 96 1. B hardly daring to draw 1. B deadly fall 2. D every imaginable colour 2. D kills 3. D went to work cutting down trees 3. C Mercury 4. B freedom from danger 4. D he lost 5. D our cattle were driven 5. B has been 6. D more than 134 m tall 6. B a very just appreciation 7. C against bacteria 7. A By age 33 8. D the Mediterranean 8. B regarding 9. C is said to shorten 9. A The sole reason for publishing 10. D he arrived in Spain 10. B from Wellesley College 11. C to take 11. C three-electrode vacuum tube 12. A were assured 12. C coming 13. C on Christmas Day 13. B with a succession 14. C should have continued 14. A Between this mountainous region 15. B welcome enough 15. Aon board Test 99 Test 97 1. B complained of the cold 1. B more freely 2. D reached the shore 2. C in itself 3. B result from twisting 3. A Booking 4. D rejected the plan 4. B in early March 5. C recruiting 5. B European Russia 6. D in width 6. B Australia's spring 7. C although 7. D undeveloped 8. A Although 9. D ailing parents 10. C the riches 11. B comparatively slowly 12. D I am asked 12. C anxious 13. B visit 13. D the other day 14. C of four musicians 14. D for the most part 15. D intact 15. B both in Persian and Part Six Find a Test 100 Mistake (2) 1. A Surprised and puzzled 2. C to have been Test 102 3. D financial information 1. ... which had been scarce during wartime .... 4. B whose location 2. From Montreal to Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence 5. C get out of River ... 6. C but he died 3. ... to allow commercial vessels to navigate this part 7. Cas of the river... 8. A were alive 4. Lack of food forced the party to turn back within 9. D an established course of study 179 km of the pole. 10. B for fun 5. ... because none of us knows exactly how many 11. C in time species exist on Earth. 12. B by measuring 6...... and other European trade goods in exchange 13. D especially strong for furs. 14. B is now faced with 7. ... but when that was conquered in 1909 ... 15. A sound advice 8. He together with his companions was ready for the journey ... Test 101 9. Trucks are usually larger and heavier than auto 1. C make it impossible mobiles ... 2. B would have enabled 10. ... can maneuver through tight turns more easily 3. A on purpose than standard trailers can. 4. A for 11. ... hair can be repeatedly washed ... 5. A introduced 12. ... that was absolutely fascinating . 6. C preference 13. ... each of whom is a department head. 7. C a story 14. First cultivated in South America, ... 8. B remained hidden 15. ... and youth is the one thing worth having. 9. A on Michael Jordan's 10. A Because of the extreme cold Test 103 11. C look for 1. During War II, Miami served as a major military training area, ... 2. ... destroy brick buildings, ... Test 105 3. The moment I met you I saw that you were quit unconscious ... 1. ... that made one trust him at once. 4. ... the government is said to fall, ... 2. The painter was busy mixing his colours ... 3. ... as well as all youth's passionate purity . 5. ... and ashamed of being afraid. 4. ... and collections have been exhibited in museums ... 6. ... a person should lie flat in a ditch ... 5. ... it awfully rude of me if ... 7. ... and never listen either, ... 8. In 1642 Pascal created a machine to free his fa 6. ... and are classified bv weight , type, ... ther, ... 7. ... are governed by strict, internationally recog 9. Let us have something iced to drink, ... nized racing rules. 8. Renaissance books established the convention ... 10. She could not help liking ... 11. For nearly ten minutes he stood there, motion 9. The tea ... has been drunk in China ... less, ... 10. We found ourselves in the midst of a tropical for 12. The captain handed me his binoculars. Through est, ... them ... 11. ... if 1 paid him well for his services. 13. Unless they resign, ... 12. The accident gave Bell insight into how voices ... 14. ... as if a hand of ice had been laid upon his heart 13. One felt that he had kept himself unspotted ... 15. ... you had better lose no time. 14. .... are determined by certain criteria, many of which are, ... Test 104 15. ... between two keen, grey eyes, set closely to 1. ... to the right, Dorian, like a good boy,... gether. 2. While the calculator is a very modern invention, . 3. ... as if he had recognized himself ... Test 106 4. You should not have gone awav when I asked you 1. ... are aimed at the avoidance of collisions ... 5. Both of you have made me hate ... 2. ... the Islamic world which had acquired it from 6. ... Armstrong could be seen ... China. 7. ... typically comp rises members of the party ... 3. ... I perceive, sir, as I am in mine . ... 8. The means ... have improved immensely ... 4. ... gave us welcome and laid before us gourds ... 9. He was seated at the piano, ... 5. ... some of which were beautifully fitted ... 10. ... for which a variety of clothing is available . 6. 50 cents for his day's labour was not unreasona 11. He was certainly wonderfully handsome. ... ble, ... 12. ... and vary from state to state . 7. Gradually the table of contents, list of illustrations. ... 13. ... a new technological development — paper — ... 8. ... of King Arthur's legendary knights of the Round 14. He is a professional brother of yours, and vour Table. p resence ... 9. The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck has never 15. ... don't take your uncle's birthday gift ... been forgotten , however. fc 10. ... making sure she knew how to knit and sew . ... k 11. ... much better than ... 6. ... this is the cause of various meteorological phe 12. ... she was not worthy to be my wife. nomena... 13. ... and always prevent us from carrying them out 7. Though Grasse has long been associated ,.. 14. ... lest his broad shoulders should collide with tht 8. ... not for himself. ... doorways. 9. ... and the road to travel so long, ... 15. He did not know how she was dressed . ... 10.... if we knew all about everything, would it ? 11. Matthew was not used to deciding on the colours ... Test 107 12.... that no man had ever affected her before ... 1. ... had prevented his eager eyes from approaching 13. Few provincial cities anywhere ... too near. 14.... There is nothing like it elsewhere in Ontario. 2. ... and that any fellow would have done it. 15. ... or the twilight that precedes dawn . 3. ... that few members of the animal kingdom ... 4. Shortly before the United States entered the war .. 5. He was evidently unused to wearing stiff collars. Test 109 6. ... became known to all on board . 1. Other arrests are being made today, ... 7. .., and she looked him s traight in the eyes ... 2. There is no snow, or rain, ... 8. I have been looking forward to meeting you .... 3. Every morning she had coffee, orange mice . ... 9. ... by hearing it spoken of as a "lake". 4. This time I reached in safety the farther side : ... 5. ... a storm had burst in the night, ... 10. ... I am sure it must have been some adventure. 6. Large flocks of wild geese ... 11. ... we had only to wait for favourable weathei 7. A hard life has left deep wrinkles ... conditions. 12. I wish father didn't have such bad luck ... 8. ... the underlying causes of its richness remain un 13. ... Would you rather I didn't talk? known. 14. ... how many acres were in wheat that year and 9. ... and I told her about missing school . how many in corn. 10. The water is carried to the fields ... 15. ... that his walk was different from that of othei 11. Wouldn't it be nice if they did ? men. 12. ... is filled with beautiful truth . ... 13. They gave us a great deal of advice ... Test 108 14. If we could have taken off then . ... 1. ... congratulating them heartily on the beauty of the 15. ... liberated from the modification of atoms con site ... tained in six drops ... 2. Colleges seem to have been set down ... 3. A house for sale looks wonderful in the summer Test 110 sunshine, ... 1. Founded in 1621. ... 4. I objected strongly, but in the end ... 2. ... we planned to take off very early ... 5. ... we would have been denied entry ... 3. It surprised me to see them there... 4. ... ever since the first European researchers set foot... 5. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald ... 6. ... the more visible is the human impact. 7. ... finally, concluding I must have been asleep . ... 8. ...although the snow lay some inches deep. 9. It is cosmic rays that present ... 10.Matthew's companion stopped talking . ... 11. ... as if everybody must be looking at me and pitving mp TecT 2000 12.... which represent 90 percent of the world's plant families. 13.Those rocky shores may turn out to be ... 14. I tried to go to sleep . .,. 15.... We ought to be proud of her!

Test 111 1. ... when there was least probability of having wind Then and Now 2. We gathered further data about the nature of cos "Among the Americans who served on Iwo Jima, un- mic rays ... common valor was a common virtue." 3. ... I gathered from him in this considerable tete-a- These words, spoken years ago by Fleet Admiral Ches- tete of ours. ter W. Nimits, then Commander in Chief of the United 4. Should 1 go to study at Oxford, ... States Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, are inscribed 5. ... It was the first time I had seen it since October ] on a plaque beneath an American flag that flies day and 6. ... It was as keen as frozen steel . night — an unusual tribute — over the jagged summit of 7. In this world of sand there live animal species that Mount Suribachi. flourish ... To the Marines who fought their way to this spot on 8. Another few hours' sleep ... February 23, 1945 — D-plus-4 in the invasion of Iwo 9. ... You could walk from one end to the other in ai Jima — it would no doubt seem strange to return today hour. and ride in a comfortable station wagon over a paved, 10. ... that looked so much like southern England's two-lane road. The cliffs that they would remember as 11. A great sand sea along Africa's South Atlantic mottled brown, pocked with Japanese pillboxes and cave coast. ... positions spitting death, are green now and the mood is 12. ... everybody outside Venice seems to ask. one of peace, disturbed only occasionally by the drone of 13. Was he to die of thirst and hunger ... an approaching plane. Today the flag that flies over the 546-foot cone of 14. ... treated us cheerfully, and in a friendly way. Suribachi is still ruffled by breezes that often bear a faint 15. It is necessary that he (should) be there at 5 sharp tinge of sulphur from the live volcanic cracks and fuma- roles below. Appropriately, Iwo Jima means "Sulphur Island." But phalt runway to repair mechanical defects developed in only the Japanese name is ever used here — that is what mid-ocean flight. the Marines always called it, and that is what 92,000,000 Japanese, to whom this eight-square-mile black dot in the 1. The Japanese forces were finally forced to yield as a western Pacific is equally a monument to the valor of result of____. their fighting men, have always called it. A bayonet charge For the Japanese forces in the Pacific also had tht. B aerial bombardment and naval shelling finest hour on this lonely, ever-smoking heap of cinders C the suicide of their own commanding general about midway between Tokyo and Guam. Under General D direct land attack on their hidden positions Tadamichi Kuribayashi, who committed suicide with E short sword in the traditional Japanese warrior's way when 2. The picture of the island today is one of_____. all hope was gone, more than 20,000 fought to the enc A hope for the future and only 1,083 prisoners yielded. B devastation and ruin Man-made caves had been the key to the Japanese C calm and quiet defense. Connected in many cases by lateral tunnels, and D despair impervious to bombing and shelling except in the event ol a lucky direct hit, they provided the defenders with inter- 3. American forces now on Iwo are there____. locking fields of fire covering virtually every inch of the A to present Iwo from falling into the hands of enemy island. B to maintain a large cemetery But, on the twenty-sixth day of the battle, the men oi C so that the native population may be helped back to the Third, Fourth and Fifth marine Divisions, pressing normalcy D to assist airplanes and monitor forward without regard for casualties that left some units navigation with hardly any of the men who had participated in the initial assault, eradicated all opposition. 4. We learn that the Japanese in their defense of the is The 400 or so men of the U.S. Air Force and Coast land ____. Guard who occupy Iwo Jima today find the island a place A dug into the cliffs of the mountains B of serenity, peace — and monotony. They are assigned relied heavily on natural advantages C used here for twelve-month terms. The fourteen Coast Guard trickery and ingenuity D made remarkable men run a LORAN — long-range air navigational station; use of a secret airfield the Air Force contingent operates an emergency landing strip and weather and communication services on the site 5. Food for the American forces on Iwo Jima_____. of the former Motoyama Airfield No.2. Fresh food comes A is raised by the natives B to the island from Japan twice a week by plane. comes from Japan C is Iwo Jima is still strategic in the sense that it serves as delivered by many ships D is a refuge for pilots in difficulty. Two or three planes a shipped from America month, on the average, set down on the 9,600-foot as- 10. He was good at tennis and in his room there was a II. whole shelf of cups he ____in tournaments since he ____eleven years old. 6. "It's a sad story. We_____to be married, but he A won, had been B had been in a car crash." winning, turned C has won, A ought, was killed has been D had won, was B were, was killed 11. Minnie had a gift for mathematics and probably could C wanted, killed get____teaching in the department if she_____it upon 0 are going, has been killed graduation. 7. He had written his address down the last morning, she A a job, wanted remembered, and said that if she____to Paris he_____ B work, will have wanted happy to see her again. C job, wished D a position, wants A had ever come, will feel B comes, will be C would 12. Then he was suddenly on the steps of the city hall and come, may be D ever came, ____a lot of police around. would be A it was B there was C 8. Girls called Rosemary get married in white veil there were D and take_____from their_____and wait in the eve nings in green suburbs for their commuting hus has seen bands. 13. If_____ David or Jane comes, she or he will want a A advices, mothers-in-law B some drink. advice, mother-in-laws C an A neither advice, mother's-in-Iaw D advice, B both C mothers-in-law either D 9. Her hands were shaking. He leaned over and took none ____lighter from her hands, steadily held_____flame 14. We had _____dinner at______Alfredo's. It wasn't______to her cigarette. bad dinner, but I cannot say I remember what we ate. A the, the A ____, ____, ____ B a, a C a , B the, the, a - D her, her C ____, ____, a D a, the, ____ 15. "My mother died when I was ten. My father had haa 20. He stayed ____for a long time, staring at the box. three____wives: two of them were only two years old I watched him, wondering what his_____move was er than I am now, and____was younger." to be. A other, another B A motionless, the next B others, the other C motionlessly, next C another, other D motionlessly, further D other, the other motionless, next 16. She finally said, "I'm going on vacation in_____time 21. The building in the middle of the village is a super I won't be seeing you then for a month." market, but it_____ a cinema. A two weeks A used to being B B a weeks' was used to be C C two week's used to be D was D a couple of weeks' used being 17.____I stood hesitating, I saw a fishing boat_____slowly 22. "I am sure," said Holmes, "he_____through the door. into the little bay below me. The window doesn't open." A As, come A could to enter B During, coming B must have entered C When, to come C ought have entered D While, to have come D should have been entered 18. By the time 1 ____the garden gate, I _____over th 23. You see my dilemma._____I must find the man who first shock of her death and my mind was functionin stole the examination papers____the examination must again. be postponed until new papers____prepared. A had reached, got A Either, or, are B reached, had been getting B Either, nor, must be C reached, had got C Neither, nor, will have been D have reached, have got D Either, or, will be 19. There is no____,____or_____driver in the world thai 24. He stood stiff and impotent with anger. She stared an Italian. into the mirror as if he_____. A more wild, more mad, more dangerous A doesn't exist B B wilder, madder, dangerouser C wilder, didn't exist C hadn't madder, more dangerous D wilder, more existed D won't mad, more dangerous exist 25. He suddenly felt a strange uneasiness in the middle of 29. A fit Cgoon the stomach. It was the first time he____a touch of B get on D match indigestion during these anxious weeks. A has had 30. A alike C same B likely D similar B had C had had D 31. A height C highness has Bhigh D tall 32. A alike C like B common D similar 33. A dark hair C hair dark III. B dark-haired D haired dark 34. A many C most B more D much My Friend Lucy My best friend's name is Lucy. She is also a (26)_____ 35. A encountered Cgot to know by marriage because (27)_____brother, William, married B knew D met my sister, Ruth. Lucy is (28)____than me but we (29)_____ very well because we have (30)_____tastes and interests. 36. A alone C only We are about the same (31)____but we don't look very B lonely D single much (32) ____ because she is (33) _____while my skin and hair are (34) ____ fairer than hers. 37. A few C little We first (35)_____at my sister's wedding. She is the Bgirl Dlot (36)_____girl in her family so I thought she would be a 38. A each other C ourselves (37)____spoilt. But we liked (38)_____from the (39)_____ B one other D the other moment and I soon (40)_____friends with her. 39. A first C prime 26. A familiar C partner Bone D principal B parent D relative 40. A got C made 27. A her C their B grew D went B his D your 28. A elder C more old B elderly D older

292 TecT(2001 first actual teaching on any level. Today the University has much the same form of organisation adapted to accommo- date its increased size and complexity. It is governed by a Vice-Chancellor, a Court, and a Senate. The Senate composed of representatives of the constituent colleges and school nominees of the crown, the London Country Coun- cil, certain professional bodies and graduates, is the su- preme academic authority. The Court, also broadly repre- On History of the University of London sentative body, allocates to the colleges money derived from In the early 19th century Oxford and Cambridge were the national government and the London Country Coun- the only two universities in England. The cost of education cil. In brief, the University of London is a federation of at these universities was so high that only the sons of the colleges, each largely independent, and the whole inde- wealthier classes could afford to attend. But more restric- pendent of the British Parliament in academic matters. tive still were the religious tests; only Church of England In many ways the University has departed from the members could attend. It was to overcome these limitation* traditions of Oxford and Cambridge. London University that in 1827, in Gover Street, London, a non-denomina- was the first to abolish religious tests, to grant degrees tional college — "University College" — was founded. Its without residence. Recently the Senate abolished — not first years were years of struggle for survival against hostile without a stir — the requirement of being English for forces of the Church and State. The "godless" college was entrance. The cap and gown are missing here, but the opposed by Archbishop of Canterbury, Sir Robert Peel and tradition of schooling is strong. the Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, who opened a rival institution — King's College. 1. According to the text in the 1st half of the 19th century In 1836 these two institutions, University College and King's College, joined forces through a typically English compromise. Each retained the control of its own internal A Oxford and Cambridge were founded B there were organisation, faculty and teaching; a separate body, the only two universities C the history of the University University of London, was created to "conduct the exam- of London began D the University College and the ination of and confer degrees upon their students". Thus King's College were closed was born the University of London. 2. In 1836 the King's College and the University College The long reign of Victoria saw many changes in the lost the following privilege:_____. University. Medical schools of the various teaching hospi- tals, Bedford College for women, Imperial College of A to have their own internal structure Science and Technology, and many others. The famed B to have their own buildings London School of Economics was a new-comer in 1895. C to hold examinations for the University degree Up until 1900 the University was only an examining D to provide modern teaching body, but in that year an Act of Parliament allowed the 3. It follows from the text that the creation of the Univer sity of London could best be described as_____. g. She looked at me____, but didn't say____. A a struggle for survival B an A kindly, anything C kindly, nothing opposition to the Church C an B kind, something D kind, anything opening of a rival institution D a compromise 9. Mark was sure to get acknowledged as he worked . 4. Among the forces opposing the University College the A hardly C too hardly author fails to mention_____. B hardly enough D hard enough A the Church C the Queen 10. Before her marriage, she lived in London, where she B the State D the Head of the Government worked for____National Gallery in_____Trafalgar Square. 5. Among the traditional requirements abandoned by the A the, the C____ , _____ University of London the reader does not find the re quirement ____ . B ____, the D the, ____ A to be English 11. Agatha Christie is____master of_____detective story. B to have a religious background A a, the C____ , _____ C to admit men only B a, a D the, a D to be a resident of the UK 12. You haven't____time if you want to catch the train. A many C much B plenty D a lot II. 13. Average life expectancy in Europe____dramatically over 6. At the examination she demonstrated_____ excellent the last hundred years. knowledge of English. A had risen C rises A hers C the B has risen D is rising B an D its 14. At first the authorities thought the athlete____drugs, but 7. A massive green space — Osterley Park — centres around they soon realised they____up the results of the tests. a Tudor Mansion by the same name, built as a coun A had taken, had mixed try home for Sir Thomas Gresham,_____man in 16th B took, have mixed century. C taking, mixed D has been taken, had mixed A the most wealthiest C the wealthiest B wealthiest D the more wealthy 15. I really hate those cartoons where Tom____Jerry. A has always chasing C always chase B is always chasing D is being chased 16. Your money could____to good use instead of____idle in the Bank. 22. She took______of her father's good mood and asked if her boyfriend could stay for dinner. A be put, being left C to be put, being left B put, to be left D have put, to be left A use B benefit C advantage 17. He suggested ____go rowing on the river and_____ 23. The United Kingdom is very small______many coun take a picnic lunch with them. tries in the world. A to, to A compared with B B that they should,____ depending on C C____ , ____ taking D that they will, to 24. Whether you are a flower fanatic, or simply love 18. It's time that team_____a match. They haven't won a ____outdoor attractions, London and its outlying ar match for ages. eas offer gardens for all tastes. A has won C won A exploiting B exploring C exploding B wins D will win 25. My aunt Emily likes reading and gardening, and she 19. If you_____some money, you_____so hard up now, goes for long____over the hills with her dog, Buster. A have saved, won't be B save, wouldn't have been C A walks B steps C voyages had saved, wouldn't be D 26. If people planned their holidays- they would always be haven't saved, haven't been ____ with their rest. 20. She gave_____waiting_____the landlord to repair the A satisfactory B satisfied C fond roof and paid for it. A up, for C with, for 27. She won't take_____in the bridge tournament as she B in, to D up,____ goes away in April. A place B part C round

28. In Scotland, where there are good ____ for winter sports, skiing and climbing are very popular. 21. Sometimes when his aunt sent him off to school he A conventions B circumstances C conditions would go part of the way and then turn and so to the river to swim or fish instead. 29. A vast array of artefacts and treasures are available to A aside B outside C inside all museum____. A applicants B visitors C workers 30. Needless to say, it is particularly young people v^o | TecT(2002 ) ~| I. look forward to Valentine's day, hoping to____many cards. A receive B initiate C revise Seneca Falls 31.______The ceremony The early American feminist, Cady Stanton, found an ally in Lucretia Mott, an ardent abolitionist, when the would be televised______. The BBC agreed two met in 1840 at an anti-slavery conference in London. to do it. Once the conference began, it was apparent to the two A irrationally B nationally C exceptionally women that female delegates were not welcome. Barred 32. The speed and efficiency of a TV technology______that from speaking and appearing on the convention floor, Cady when something happens on the other side of the world, protested by taking other female delegates with them. It we can hear about it within hours. was then that Cady Stanton proposed to Mott a women's rights convention that would address the social, civil and A expresses B means C makes religious rights of women. The convention had to wait for 33. Last year a profit of two million pounds was_____in eight years, when the two organized the first women's rights the first six months but this was cancelled by a loss of convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. seven million pounds. At the meeting, Cady Stanton presented a "Declara- A done B made C put tion of Sentiments", based on the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and listing 18 grievances against male suppres- 34. Since the 1930s Oxford had developed_____as an in sion of women. First, married women had no right to dustrial and commercial centre. their children if they left an abusive husband or sought a A funnily B rapidly C rarely divorce. Second, if a woman was granted a divorce, there was no way for her to make a professional living 35. More_____needs to be carried out so that we can cut unless she chose to write or teach. Third, women could down the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture. not testify against her husband in court. Then, married A knowledge B experience C research women who worked in factories were not entitled to keep their earnings, but had to turn them over to their hus- bands. When a woman married, any property that she had held as a single woman automatically became part of her husband's estate. In addition, single women who owned property were taxed without the right to vote for the law- makers who imposed those taxes — one of the very reasons why the American colonies had broken away fromGreat Britain. 3. The text states that among existing women's rights the Convention attendees passed the resolutions "Declaration of Sentiments" mentioned the right____. unanimous-ly with the exception of the one for women's A to grant a divorce suffrage (the right to vote). Only after an impassioned speech B to become a professional teacher in favour of women's right to vote by Frederick Douglass, the C to leave their children black aboli tionist, did the resolution pass. Still, the majority D to keep their earnings of those in attendance could not accept the thought of women voting 4. It is clear from the text that in Seneca Falls the Con At Seneca Falls, Cady Stanton gained national prom- vention attendees were_____. inence as an eloquent writer and speaker for women's A unanimous rights. Years later, she declared that she had early realized B against women's right to vote that without the right to vote, women would never achieve C in majority male their goal of becoming equal with men. Taking the aboli- D all abolitionists tionist reformer William Lloyd Garrison as her model, she saw that the key to success in any endeavour lay in 5. According to the text Cady Staton followed the exam changing public opinion, and not in party action. By awak- ple of_____. ening women to the injustices under which they laboured, A her own C Frederick Douglas Seneca Falls became that catalyst for future change. Soon B Lucretia Mott D William Lloyd Harrison other women's rights conventions were held, and other women would come to the forefront of the movement for political and social equality. II. B&sGepiire eAHHCTBeHHMH npasigiJibfibiH Bapnairr H3 npejj- jio%emibix AJIJI sanGJiHeHfra nponycKa (^aiaiiHH 6-20). 1. According to the text the agenda of the first women's 6. Hamburger and chips_____not_____very healthy lunch. rights convention wasn't supposed to include____. A civil rights A is, a C are, the B the right to self-defence B are, ____ D is, ____ C social rights 7. At first he enjoyed the job. But after_____days getting D religious right up at six did not seem____good idea. 2. It follows from the text that the American colonies broke A several, so C few, very away from Great Britain because_____. B a few, such a Da little, to be a A lawmakers levied taxes in the US 8. Geese and pigs wandered____through the muddy streets B property was under taxation of medieval towns. C they paid heavy taxes without a right to vote A freely C very free D they owned property without taxation B free D rather free 9. When I was out I passed_____young couple with two C suffered, has been little girls and____boy. D is suffering, was A the, a C____, ____ 16. Mary_____ in Japan for two years. She is working B a, a D the, the there and____it very much. 10. horn is one of______most difficult orchestral in A was, likes C is, is liking struments to play. B has been, likes D has been, is liking A A, a C____, ____ 17. Your money could_____to good use instead of_____ B The, the D ____, the idle in the Bank. 11. She refused to have_____to do with her family now. A be put, being left B A anything C nothing put, to be left C to be B something D many put, being left D have put, to be left 12. Reality continues to demonstrate that some social groups and individuals are not as free as_____. 18. Tom Sawyer was not always as good as a boy as he_____. A the other C the others A has been C ought to be B another D others B might have been D should be 13. I was so worried about my garden while I was in hospi 19. We have a burglar alarm____somebody tries to break in. tal, but I have very good neighbours. When I got home A so as C if it is I could see that the vegetables____every day and the B unless D in case grass_____regularly. 20. I hope Grace isn't going to spend the rest of her life A were watered, was cut longing_____that redhaired boy. B are watered, is cut C had been watered, had been cut A with C for D have been watered, has been cut B to D by 14. He really objects to_____so much noise. A she makes C her making III. B she is making D her to make 21. She looked down out of the window and saw on the 15. Paul____from earache since the weekend. He_____to garden____her husband and with him a boy of sev the doctor twice, but it's still no better. enteen or so. A suffers, was A path B trend C patch B has been suffering, has been 22. Newspapers come out all the time to_____people with the fresh and objective news. 31. Political risk is the projection of possible losses that A tell B provide C divide ___from political and social sources. A return B result C refer 23. Most people accept that something has to be_____about over-population. 32. There must be the right for people to_____about their A made B done C produced future for themselves, rather then let a colonial pow- er do it for them. 24. Olympic Airways announces the arrival of_____OA 269 A decide B regret C tell from Athens. A route B plane C flight 33. In Summerhill school the children have classes usually ____to their interests. 25. Sometimes there are____on stamps. A due B owing C according A mischances B misuses C mistakes 26.______Food is a form of . It gives 34. There are some_____ nursery schools, which parents us energy, helps us to pay for. grow, resist decease and form strong teeth and bones. A voluntary B private C free A petrol B fuel C liquid 35. Our environment is being____but we still have time 27. The British Museum is officially_____as being the Na to do something about it. tional Library and Museum of History, Archaeology, Art and Ethnography. A defeated B destroyed C suffered A depicted B described C prescribed 28. Many European museums are home to______works of art such as the Mona Lisa in the Louvre museum in Paris A unthinkable B valueless C priceless 29. In recent decades, the development and_____of ne information technologies have raised many debates about the consequences of their use. A spread B split C sprint 30. This newspaper has a long____of attacking corrup tion and mismanagement. A tradition B intention C extradition