1960 S Civil Rights & Vietnam

US HISTORY – 1967-1975

1960’s Civil Rights & Vietnam Individual and group activists started civil rights Important People & Events movements during this time. They protested, spoke, wrote, boycotted and litigated in order to change the Mendez v. Westminster & Delgado v. Bastrop ISD-Mexican thinking and laws that caused segregation and students segregated violating 14th amendment discrimination among the races and sexes. There were Executive Order 9981 (1948)- Desegregation of U.S. military many movements: Black, Latino, Native American, Sweatt v. Painter (1950)- separate black law school unequal Women, and others. Hernandez v. Texas (1954)- jurors excluded based on race Brown v. Board of Education (1954)- segregated schools unequal Many historic amendments helped legally end segregation th 1957 Civil Rights Act- small commission on black civil rights and discrimination by 1965. The 13 amendment put an 1964 Civil Rights Act- segregation illegal in public places and in th end to slavery. The 14 amendment gave all citizens hiring th equal protection under the law. The 15 gave all races the 24th Amendment (1964)- stopped poll taxes in federal elections right to vote and the 19th gave women the right to vote as 1965 Voting Rights Act- banned unapproved procedures and well. literacy tests and added election examiners Thurgood Marshall- first African-American Supreme Court John F. Kennedy (Democrat) became the president in Justice; won many civil rights cases 1960, barely winning over Richard Nixon (Republican). Rosa Parks- refused to give up bus seat and was arrested Kennedy was good looking, young and vibrant, which Martin Luther King Jr.- Baptist minister who lead the boycott- 381 days of Montgomery Bus Boycott; assassinated in 1968 played a new role since the elections were televised. He “Letter from Birmingham Jail”- King was jailed for peaceful won by focusing on the poor and the economy instead of demonstrations and wrote this to increase support civil rights since that was such a controversial subject. The March on Washington- Over 200,000 people went to Washington to hear MLK speak for civil rights Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, TX which led “I Have a Dream”- The speed MLK gave at the March to Lyndon B. Johnson becoming president. LBJ introduced Orval Faubus- Arkansas governor who used state troops to stop his “Great Society” with the domestic agenda of waging black students from entering Little Rock Central H.S. in 1957 war on poverty. He did this through political processes, George Wallace-In 1963, Alabama governor who believed in the Immigration Act of 1965, implementing segregation forever and won South’s electoral votes Medicare/Medicaid and creating Head Start preschool Lester Maddox- restaurant owner who sold ax handles to show programs. Barry Goldwater opposed LBJ’s attempts but resistance to civil rights was beaten in the 1964 election. Ku Klux Klan- segregationists who threatened activists Malcolm X- started Nation of Islam; saw whites as enemies Black Panthers- violent, armed militant group for civil rights The Vietnam War began when the nation fell to 1965 Watts riot- inner-city riot by blacks communism and the countries were afraid that others LULAC- League of United Latin American Citizens for civil rights would follow so they needed to put a stop to it. Ho Chi MALDEF- Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund Minh, nationalist revolutionary, defeated the French. The UFW- United Farm Workers union for rights U.S. supported the French. The war ended in 1975, when La Raza Unida- Mexican-American Texas political party the North and Viet Cong beat the South. 58,000 Betty Friedan (1963)- wrote The Feminine Mystique for Americans died. There were many protests against the discontented housewives war and the draft. NOW- National Organization for Women Roe v. Wade (1973)- legalization of abortion AIM- American Indian Movement protested and patrolled The Vietnam War left the U.S. divided among its Rachel Carson (1962)-wrote Silent Spring; movement against generations. The 1969 moon landing (Apollo 11), harming the environment however, brought Americans back together and was a Ralph Nader (1965)- wrote Unsafe at Any Speed and other turning point. It showed that extraordinary things could reports that led to safer traffic and vehicle laws be accomplished despite the flaws of a nation. 1969 Stonewall riot- homosexual club raid, fought police