Ch. 1 What Are the Social Sciences?

p. 1 Ch. 1 What are the Social Sciences? Preview Why is it important to study the economy?  It is important to study the economy because you learn what people buy to satisfy their needs and wants.

Why is it important to study history?  It is important to study history because you learn about the mistakes and successes people made in the past in the hope you can prevent future mistakes and copy their successes.

Why is it important to study geography?  It is important to study geography because you learn why people choose to live in certain places and how their jobs and recreational activities are determined by the climate and landforms in the region.

Why is it important to study politics?  It is important to study politics because you learn about the laws people make and the candidates people vote for to become their leaders. p. 2 1.2 Economics Key Idea: Social scientists study how people live in groups, how people behave, and what explains their behavior.

Detail: There are four kinds of social scientists; economists, historians, geographers, and political scientists, and they study artifacts.

Vocab.: Artifacts are things people use in their daily lives.

Detail: Economists study the economy of a city, state, or country.

Vocab.: An economy is the way people in a community use resources to meet their wants and needs. (game/car) (food/clothing/shelter)

Vocab.: Economics is the study of how people make, buy, and sell things. p. 3 1.3 Geography Detail: Geographers study the natural (land, water, plants, animals) and constructed (roads, bridges, dams) features of Earth’s surface.

1.4 Political Science Detail: Political scientists study governments and the people who are in charge or have the power to run a city, state, or nation. Vocab.: Governments main job is to make and carry out rules and laws. They also supply things people need (school, streets).

p. 4 1.5 History Detail: Historians study past events. p. 5 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 1 Processing Assignment – Social Scientists DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Analyze 10 pictures and determine which social scientist would be interested in studying the object portrayed in each picture. Glue the pictures in the correct locations on p. 6 of your student notebook. Pts. Requirements ___ Economist (2 or 3 pts.) ___ Geographer (2 or 3 pts.) ___ Political Scientist (2 or 3 pts.) ___ Historian (2 or 3 pts.)

___/10 ___% ___Grade Total p. 6 Economist Geographer

Political Scientist Historian p. 7 Ch. 2 Exploring Regions of the United States Preview Create a map of your home as if looking down on it from above. Label each room. Divide your home into five regions, and make each region a different color.

Dining Room Kitchen Bedroom Bedroom

Living Room Bathroom Bedroom

Map Key: Bedrooms Kitchen Bathroom Living Room Dining Room

p. 8 2.1 Introduction Key Idea: Geographers use maps divided into regions to help them think about five topics, or themes, of geography.

Detail: Five themes of geography are: location, place, human- environmental interaction, movement, regions.

Vocab.: A region is an area with common features that set it apart from other areas.

Detail: The U.S. is divided into five regions: West, Southwest, Midwest, Southeast, and Northeast. p. 9 2.2 Location and Direction Key Idea: Geographers use maps and globes to show locations on Earth.

Vocab.: Globes are round like Earth.

Vocab.: Maps show all or part of Earth on a flat surface.

Detail: Maps use a compass rose to show cardinal and intermediate directions

Vocab.: Cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.

Vocab.: Intermediate directions are northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest.

Compass Rose

p. 10 2.3 Scales and Symbols Key Idea: Since maps are much smaller than the part of Earth they represent, they use scales and symbols to show information.

Vocab.: A scale on a map shows the relationship between map distances and real distances.

Vocab.: A symbol is anything that stands for something else.

Vocab.: A map key tells what each symbol stands for. Map Scale Map Key

p. 11 2.4, 2.5, 2.6 Lines of Latitude, Longitude, Global Grid Key Idea: Lines of latitude and longitude are combined together to create a global grid which is used to find exact locations of places on earth.

Vocab.: Lines of latitude run east and west and are parallel. They tell how far north or south of the equator a place is.

Vocab.: The equator is a line of latitude that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Detail: The equator is at zero degrees. Parallels north or south of the equator are labeled N or S.

Vocab.: Lines of longitude run north and south and are called meridians that meet at the North and South Poles. They tell how far east or west they are from the prime meridian.

Vocab.: The prime meridian is a line of longitude that divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Detail: The prime meridian is at zero degrees. Meridians east or west of the prime meridian are labeled E or W.

Lines of Latitude Lines of Longitude

p. 12 Geography Challenge 2A Map p. 13 Geography Challenge 2A Questions 1) Label the name of the state that lies the farthest east in the United States.

2) Label the name of the state that lies the farthest south in the continental United States.

th 3) Label the name of the only state that touches the 60 parallel of north latitude.

th 4) Label the names of the states that touch the 155 meridian of west longitude.

5) Draw an X at 40 degrees north latitude, 90 degrees west longitude. Label the name of the state you are in.

th 8) Draw a heavy line along the entire 115 meridian of longitude. Label the names of all four U.S. states this meridian passes through.

p. 14 2.7 Kinds of Maps p. 15 Geography Challenge 2B 1) Which region has the highest elevation?______

2) Which state has the highest elevation: Iowa, Idaho, or Kentucky? ______

3) Which state has the most area at the highest elevation? ______

4) Which region has the most area at an elevation of less than 1,000 feet? ______

5) Which region receives the most annual rainfall? ______

6) Which region receives the least annual rainfall? ______

7) Which state receives less than 16 inches of rain each year? ______

8) Which region has the highest population density? ______

9) Which two regions have the lowest population density? ______

10) Which three states have the lowest population density? ______p. 16 2.8 Northeast and Southeast Key Idea: The Northeast and Southeast are similar in geography but different in climates.

Vocab.: Climate is the kind of weather a place has. (temperature, rainfall, wind conditions)

Northeast Southeast

p. 17 2.9 Midwest and Southwest Key Idea: While the Midwest and Southwest both lie in the center of the country, they are geographically different regions.

Midwest Southwest

p. 18 2.10 West Key Idea: The West is a geographically diverse region. Types of Mountains Valleys Rivers and Volcanoes Geograph Oceans y  Rockies  Californ  Colora  Hawaii  Sierra ia Central do River  Washington Nevada Valley  Columb  Alaska  Cascad  Oregon ia River  Wyoming e ’s  Pacific (super  Coast Willamette Ocean volcano) Ranges Valley Types of Dry Desert Humid/Rain Arctic Cold & Climate y Snow Tropical  Death  Hawaii  Alaska Valley  Western  Mount  Eastern Oregon ain peaks Colorado  Washington  Western Utah

p. 19 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 2 Processing Assignment – (3 Locations) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Given three locations around the United States,  Give the latitude and longitude (with units)  List the average annual rainfall (with units)  State the population density (with units)  Write the approximate elevation (with units)  Draw a colorful picture of each location  Correct spelling and capitalization Glue processing assignment onto p. 22 of your student notebook. Pts. Requirements ___ Latitude and Longitude of each location (with units) (3 pts.) ___ Average annual rainfall at each location (with units) (3 pts.) ___ Population density for each location (with units) (3 pts.) ___ Approximate elevation of each location (with units) (3 pts.) ___ Drawing of each location with an outline of the state (3 pts.) ___ Dot on each drawing showing the location of the city (3 pts.) ___ Conventions (2 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization

___/20 ___% ___Grade Total

p. 20 Ch. 2 Processing Assignment –Teacher Model & Guided Location 1: Latitude and Longitude ______Average annual rainfall ______Population density ______Approximate elevation ______

Location 2: Latitude and Longitude ______Average annual rainfall ______Population density ______Approximate elevation ______

p. 21 Ch. 2 Processing Assignment – Partner Activity Location 1: Latitude and Longitude ______Average annual rainfall ______Population density ______Approximate elevation ______

p. 22 Ch. 2 Processing Assignment – On My Own Location 1: Latitude and Longitude ______Average annual rainfall ______Population density ______Approximate elevation ______

p. 23 Ch. 3 The Peopling of the United States 3.1 Introduction Key Idea: The United States is a diverse nation made up of many different groups of people all living together under one government.

3.2 Native Americans Where they How they got Why they came Where they came from here settled Asia (Russia) Crossed a land Followed All over North, bridge migrating herds Central, and connecting of animals South America Russia to Alaska

3.3 Contributions Dogsled Thanksgiving Igloo Appreciation of Nature

p. 24 3.4 Spanish Where they How they got Why they came Where they came from here settled Initially Spain, Boat across the To start Caribbean and then traveled Atlantic Ocean colonies for Mexico before up from Mexico Spain after moving to Columbus told Florida, Texas, Spain what he New Mexico, found Arizona, California

3.5 Contributions Mining Desert Farming Cowboys Tacos

p. 25 3.6 Europeans Where they How they got Why they came Where they came from here settled Spain, France, Boat across the To find land or 13 American Russia, Atlantic Ocean work or to colonies on East Netherlands, search for coast England freedom to follow religion, escape jail

3.7 Contributions Inventions Government Christmas Pizza

p. 26 3.8 Africans Where they How they got Why they came Where they came from here settled Africa On a slave ship Taken from Mostly on across the Africa by force Southern Atlantic Ocean and sold as plantations but slaves to be some escaped unpaid workers to the free on farms North

3.9 Contributions Stories Music Fight for Equal Rights Quilts

p. 27 3.10 Asians Where they How they got Why they came Where they came from here settled China, Japan, Boat from Asia Sought gold in California, Philippines, across Pacific California, then Hawaii Korea, Vietnam, Oean worked on Cambodia, railroad, farms, Thailand, India factories, sugar plantations

3.11 Contributions Respect for Learning Surfboards Ketchup Chopsticks

p. 28 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 3 Processing Assignment – (Song) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC On p. 28 and 29 in your student notebook, write three new verses for the song “This Land Is Your Land.” Asian verse was modeled and you were guided through the European verse. You will need to complete the Native American verse with a partner and have your last two verses be about African Americans and Latinos. Each verse should contain information about:  Where each group came from  Where the group settled  A contribution they made to American society  A drawing for each group of people  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar Pts. Requirements ___ Verse for Native Americans (3 pts.)  Where they came from  Where they settled  A contribution they made to American society ___ Verse for African Americans (3 pts.)  Where they came from  Where they settled  A contribution they made to American society ___ Verse for Latinos (3 pts.)  Where they came from  Where they settled  A contribution they made to American society ___ 5 Illustrations – one for each group of people (5 pts.) ___ Accurate copying of verses on Asians & Europeans (2 pts.) ___ Conventions (4 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation  Grammar

___/20 ___% ___Grade Total

p. 29 Ch. 3 Processing Assignment Peopling of the United States ______

p. 30 Ch. 3 Processing Assignment ______

______

p. 31 Ch. 4 A Train Tour of the Northeast Preview If you could take a trip to the Northeast, which one place would you most want to visit and why? I would like to visit Washington D.C. because it is our nation’s capital and there are important sites to visit like the White House, the Capital, Arlington National Cemetery, Washington, and Lincoln Memorials, and various war memorials. Geography Challenge Map p. 32 Geography Challenge Questions 1) What 11 states are in the Northeast region? The 11 states in the Northeast region are Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine.

2) Where is the nation’s capital? The nation’s capital is Washington D.C. 3) In which states are Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City located? Boston is in Massachusetts, Philadelphia is in Pennsylvania, and New York City is in New York.

4) What major mountain range runs like a backbone through most of the Northeast? The Appalachian Mountains run like a backbone through most of the Northeast.

5) What is the giant fishhook of land in Massachusetts called? The giant fishhook of land in Massachusetts is called Cape Cod.

6) Which of the Great Lakes are in the Northeast? Lake Erie and Lake Ontario are the two Great Lakes in the Northeast.

7) What river empties into New York Harbor? The Hudson River empties into New York Harbor.

p. 33 Geography Challenge Questions (continued) 8) What river runs through the nation’s capital? The Potomac River runs through the nation’s capital.

9) What river runs northeast from the Great Lakes? The St. Lawrence River runs northeast from the Great Lakes. 10) What ocean lies east of many of the states in the Northeast? The Atlantic Ocean lies east of many of the states in the Northeast.

Key Idea: The Northeast, with its many large cities, is called the “birthplace of our nation.” The first factories started here.

Detail: Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., and New York City are four large cities in the Northeast.

Detail: Boston is where the American Revolution began.

Detail: Philadelphia is where Americans first declared their independence from Great Britain.

Detail: The first factories were located in the Northeast because there was a lot of waterpower to run factories, people who wanted to start new businesses, and canals and railroads that lowered the costs of moving goods to customers.

p. 34 4.2 Northeastern Coast  West Quoddy Head Lighthouse is located at the most northeastern point of the United States.

 Many fishing harbors located along the coast.

4.3 Mountains of the Northeast  Mt. Washington in New Hampshire is the highest peak in Northeast.  Mt. Washington is part of Appalachian Mtns.

4.4 Democracy Takes Root at Plymouth  Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts after leaving England on the Mayflower searching for religious freedom.

 Pilgrims wrote Mayflower Compact to set up a government and make laws for the good of everyone.

 By signing the compact and electing a governor, the pilgrims had created a democracy.

Vocab.: A democracy is a form of government in which people vote for the laws and leaders.

p. 35 4.5 Boston Leads the Fight for Freedom  Boston is where the fight for America’s freedom began.

 Revolutionary War began in 1775 between colonists and British troops.

 Colonists wanted to overthrow British rule.

4.6 Erie Canal Links Northeast and Midwest Vocab.: A canal is a ditch dug across land. It connects one waterway with another.

 Erie Canal connects Hudson River with Great Lakes.

 Allowed goods to be moved past the Appalachian Mtns. faster and cheaper by boat compared to horse and wagon.

 Locks were built to carry boats over the mountains.

Vocab.: Locks are water elevators used to raise and lower boats in the water.

p. 36 4.7 Hershey, Pennsylvania: Town Built on Chocolate  First factories built in Northeast due to waterpower and people power.

 First factories built alongside rivers rushing down mountains and water turned waterwheels that made machines run.

 People like candy maker Milton Hershey wanted to start businesses.

 Milton Hershey used mass production to produce Hershey bar. Vocab.: Mass production is a way of making large quantities of the same product.

4.8 Independence Hall: Birthplace of the U.S.  Declaration of Independence was signed at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.

 The Constitution was written here in 1787.

Vocab.: The Constitution is a plan of government for the United States that is based on Democracy. The people choose their leaders and the Constitution protects people’s rights.

p. 37 4.9 Washington D.C.: Our Nation’s Capital  National government has 3 branches, or parts.

 Legislative branch called Congress makes laws for our country.

 Executive branch is headed by the president and this person’s main job is to make sure laws passed by Congress are carried out.

 Judicial branch is made up of courts and judges and it guarantees that laws passed by Congress are obeyed. One of the Supreme Courts jobs is to make sure laws passed by Congress follow the Constitution. 4.10 New York City: Where Buildings Touch the Sky  NYC is largest and most populated city in the country.

 NYC is a city of immigrants with many cultures being represented.

 NYC built tall buildings called skyscrapers to fit all the people.

p. 38 Plymouth Activity You are in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Pretend that you are on board the Mayflower with the Pilgrims in 1620. Along with the Pilgrims, you must decide how your colony will be governed. Choose one of the following four options after discussing the options with your group. You do not have to choose the same option as your group members. A Choose the B Select five C Give every D Give every wisest and very smart and adult male a say person over the nicest person to fair people to in governing the age of 10 a say be king or rule Plymouth. colony. in running the queen of the colony. colony.

Explain which option you chose and why.

I chose option:_____ because______

p. 39 Hershey Activity Imagine you have a job as a candy wrapper. You work eight hours a day, five days a week. Fill in the oval below with a facial expression that describes how you would feel about your job.

Write two adjectives that explain your drawing.

______

Imagine that someone invented a machine to wrap candies. What might be positive, or good things, about having a machine wrap candies? What might be negative, or bad things, about it? Fill in the chart below.

Positives about Negatives about Machine Wrapping Candies Machine Wrapping Candies

p. 40 NYC Activity Look at the map below and explain what were the advantages of building the Empire State Building with 102 floors instead of only 1 floor. ______

p. 41 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 4 Processing Assignment – (Plymouth Travel Brochure) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you work for a company in charge of producing travel brochures that are placed at rest stops along the highway. Create a travel brochure for Plymouth, Massachusetts with:  A front cover containing a colorful picture of Plymouth, labeled Plymouth, Massachusetts, and a catchy phrase inviting people to visit.  Inside page describing the beginning history of Plymouth. (Use words: Pilgrims, Mayflower, religious freedom)  Inside page describing the government created in Plymouth. (Use words: Mayflower Compact, governor, democracy)  Back cover describing the challenges the Pilgrims faced in Plymouth and how they overcame their struggles. (Use words: winter, starving, Native Americans, first Thanksgiving)  4 colorful drawings – one picture for each page of the brochure  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Front cover (3 pts.)  Labeled Plymouth, Massachusetts (1)  Catchy phrase inviting people to visit (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Beginning History (6 pts.)  Accurate description of history (3)  Use words: Pilgrims, Mayflower, religious freedom (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Government (6 pts.)  Accurate description of government (3)  Use words: Mayflower Compact, governor, democracy (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Back cover – Overcoming Challenges (6 pts.)  Accurate description of overcoming challenges (3)  Use words: winter, starving, Native Americans, first Thanksgiving (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

___/30 ___% ___Grade Total (rough draft on p. 42 & 43)

p. 42 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 43 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h

p. 41 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 4 Processing Assignment – (Hershey Travel Brochure) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you work for a company in charge of producing travel brochures that are placed at rest stops along the highway. Create a travel brochure for Hershey, Pennsylvania with:  A front cover containing a colorful picture of Hershey, labeled Hershey, Pennsylvania, and a catchy phrase inviting people to visit.  Inside page describing the beginning history of Hershey. (Use words: Milton Hershey, town named after, rivers provide waterpower)  Inside page describing the main industry in Hershey. (Use words: candy business, mass production, largest chocolate factory)  Back cover describing the tourist activities to do in Hershey. (Use words: Hersheypark, Hershey Chocolate World, Hershey Story Museum)  4 colorful drawings – one picture for each page of the brochure  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Front cover (3 pts.)  Labeled Hershey, Pennsylvania (1)  Catchy phrase inviting people to visit (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Beginning History (6 pts.)  Accurate description of history (3)  Use words: Milton Hershey, town named after, rivers provide waterpower (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Main Industry (6 pts.)  Accurate description of main industry (3)  Use words: candy business, mass production, largest chocolate factory (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Back cover – Tourist Activities (6 pts.)  Accurate description of tourist activities (3)  Use words: Hersheypark, Hershey Chocolate World, Hershey Story Museum (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 42 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______

p. 43 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 41 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 4 Processing Assignment – (NYC Travel Brochure) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you work for a company in charge of producing travel brochures that are placed at rest stops along the highway. Create a travel brochure for New York City, New York with:  A front cover containing a colorful picture of New York City, labeled New York City, New York, and a catchy phrase inviting people to visit.  Inside page describing the beginning history of New York City. (Use words: city of immigrants, many cultures, largest city)  Inside page describing the architecture in New York City. (Use words: skyscrapers, Empire State Building, tall buildings)  Back cover describing the tourist activities to do in New York City. (Use words: Central Park, Broadway, Museums)  4 colorful drawings – one picture for each page of the brochure  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Front cover (6 pts.)  Labeled New York City, New York (1)  Catchy phrase inviting people to visit (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Beginning History (6 pts.)  Accurate description of history (3)  Use words: city of immigrants, many cultures, largest city (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Inside page – Architecture (6 pts.)  Accurate description of architecture (3)  Use words: skyscrapers, Empire State Building, tall buildings (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Back cover – Tourist Activities (6 pts.)  Accurate description of tourist activities (3)  Use words: Central Park, Broadway, Museums (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 42 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 43 Ch. 4 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 44 Ch. 5 Population Density & Life in the Northeast Preview What do the bright areas represent on this map of the United States? What do the dark areas represent?  The bright areas represent the lights that shine from the houses and businesses in populated areas. The dark areas are places where there are few lights. Few or no people live there. The map shows the population density of the United States. Population density is a term that refers to the number of people living in a particular area.

In which half of the country do more people live, the East or the West? Why do you think this might be so?  The eastern half of the United States is more settled. That is why there are so many more lights than in the West. There are several reasons for this. First, the Europeans who settled in the United States settled in the East first, so there has been more time for settlement. Second, there are huge areas in the West where it is hard for humans to live. Very high mountains and desolate stretches of desert cover large areas of the West.

There is a concentration of lights in the Northeast. Compare this image with the large U.S. map on your desk map, which shows the cities of the Northeast. What large cities are bunched together along the Northeast coast of the United States?  Some of the northeastern cities along the eastern seaboard are Washington D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. These are some of the largest cities in the United States. Over 8 million people live in New York City alone. This region is a megalopolis – a region of connected cities.

p. 45 Key Idea: Population density affects daily life in the Northeast. People’s lives in sparsely populated rural areas are different compared those living in densely populated urban areas that are part of the Northeast’s megalopolis.

Vocab.: A megalopolis is a string of densely populated towns and cities.

Vocab.: Population density is the number of people that live in an area.

Vocab.: A population map shows where and how many people live in an area.

Rural (Country) vs. Urban (City) 5.4 Homes with yards Apartments – sometimes Places to Live *Need to paint house, in skyscrapers mow lawn, shovel snow *Need to be quiet since neighbors are close by

5.5 Fewer jobs – farm, local Many jobs – offices, Employment store, provide services restaurants, stores, hotels, (Jobs) for other people newspapers, tv stations, book publishing companies, actors, musicians, artists, hospitals, healthcare centers, tour guides, taxi drivers p. 46 Rural (Country) vs. Urban (City) 5.6 Drive own car, no public Walk, use public Transportatio transportation transportation (buses, n *No traffic and free taxis, subways) parking *too much traffic and little parking so streets are crowded; expensive parking garages are use 5.7 Air and water are Land, air, water pollution Environment cleaner and little light *Trash on streets, smoke pollution so you can see from cars, factories, stars at night homes, and dirty water from city streets and sewers that run into rivers & lakes

5.8 Outdoor activities: hike Professional sports game, Recreation fish, ski, ice skate tours, zoos, museums, amusement parks, monuments, movies, circus, plays

p. 47 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 5 Processing Assignment – (Population Density) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Make a T-Chart on p. 48 in your student notebook, naming one side “Urban” (city) and the other side “Rural” (country). Then, draw and label (correct spelling) pictures showing the differences between urban and rural areas. Pictures should focus on the following:  Places to live  Employment  Transportation  Environment  Recreation Pts. Requirements ___ Places to live (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of urban and rural area (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Employment (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of urban and rural area (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Transportation (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of urban and rural area (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Environment (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of urban and rural area (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Recreation (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of urban and rural area (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2)

___/30 ___% ___Grade Total

p. 48 Ch. 5 Processing Assignment Rural (Country) vs. Urban (City) Places to Live Employment (Jobs)

Transportation

Environment

Recreation

p. 49 Ch. 6 A Boat & Bus Tour of the Southeast Preview If you could take a trip to the Southeast, which one place would you most want to visit and why? I would like to visit Jamestown, Virginia to see the first successful British settlement and visit this historic site made to look like you have traveled back in time. Geography Challenge Map

p. 50 Geography Challenge Questions 1) What 12 states are in the Southeast region? The 12 states in the Southeast region are Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 2) Which states in the Southeast do not have coastlines? Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia do not have coastlines.

3) What are the flatlands called that cover much of the coastline of Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida? The flatlands of Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida are called the Gulf Coastal Plain.

4) What are the flatlands called that cover much of the coastline of Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina? The flatlands of Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina are called the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

5) What major port city is in Alabama? Mobile, Alabama is a major port city.

6) What major mountain range is located in the northeastern area of this region? The major mountain range in the northeastern area of this region is the Appalachian Mountains.

7) What body of water is south of New Orleans? The Gulf of Mexico is south of New Orleans.

p. 51 Geography Challenge Questions (continued) 8) What major port cities are in Florida? The major port cities of Tampa, Miami, Jacksonville, and Pensacola are in Florida.

9) If you wanted to travel by canoe from Kentucky to Louisiana, what major river could you use? You could use the Mississippi River to travel from Kentucky to Louisiana.

10) What three national parks could you visit if you traveled to Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia? You could visit Hot Springs National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and Shenandoah National Park.

Key Idea: The Southeast is a region that has changed over time. The land is used in different ways and there are distinct sounds you’ll hear.

Detail: People are trying to preserve the land in Everglades National Park.

Detail: Mountains in Appalachia are torn away for the coal.

Detail: The roar of hurricanes and various styles of music can be heard. (Bluegrass, Blues, Jazz, Cajun)

Detail: Slavery and segregation are in the South’s past history.

p. 52 6.2 Everglades National Park, Florida  A vast swamp covers the southern tip of Florida called the Everglades.

Vocab.: A swamp is a low area of land that is covered by water.  Animals living in the Everglades include 300 kinds of birds, alligators, crocodiles, turtles, snakes, otters, deer, bear, panthers, bobcats, and rabbits.

Vocab.: A hurricane is a dangerous storm with heavy rains and high winds.

6.3 John F. Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida  Sun Belt stretches from Florida to California and has a mild climate all year long.

Vocab.: A mild climate is usually warm and sunny.

 Tourists visit Florida’s beaches, Disney World, Cypress Gardens, and Cape Canaveral.

 Cape Canaveral is where space shuttles were launched.

 You can learn about space exploration at the Kennedy Space Center.

p. 53 6.4 Jamestown, Virginia: England’s First American Colony  In 1607, settlers from England built a colony called Jamestown along the James River.

 The land was swampy and many people got sick from mosquitoes.  Many early settlers struggled to find food and died.

 Colonists grew tobacco and made money selling it in England.

 Africans were brought to Jamestown and sold as servants and slaves.

Vocab.: Many African Americans have ancestors, or relatives who lived long ago, that were slaves.

6.5 Coal Mine in Appalachia  Appalachia is in the Southern part of the Appalachian Mountains.

 It is too hilly to farm, but can be mined for minerals.

Vocab.: Minerals are natural substances found in rocks.

 The most important mineral is coal which is used to heat homes and produce electricity.

 People listen to Bluegrass music.

p. 54 6.6 Musical Memphis, Tennessee  Memphis is in the center of the Mississippi Delta.

Vocab.: A delta is a triangle – shaped area at the end of a river. Fertile soil, good for farming, is carried downstream by a river to build the delta.  Cotton was grown on the rich soil.

 Slaves led hard lives working all day long planting and picking cotton without any rights to choose differently.

 Memphis is home to the blues songs, named after the sad songs slaves song.

6.7 French Quarter in New Orleans, Louisiana  French colonists built New Orleans near the mouth of the Mississippi River.

 It is an important port city.

Vocab.: A port is a place where ships load and unload goods.

 Dixieland Jazz and Cajun music are popular.

 Cajun food is hot, spicy, and popular in New Orleans.

 Louisiana is called the Bayou State.

Vocab.: A bayou is a stream flowing through swampy land.

p. 55 6.8 Oil Rig in Gulf of Mexico  Many people that live near the Gulf Coast are oil workers.

Vocab.: Petroleum is a thick, black, oily liquid found underground and is also called oil.

 Huge platforms called rigs are built on top of the ocean to hold machinery used to drill down under the sea to find oil.  Oil is sent to refineries to turn petroleum into useful products like gasoline.

 Oil is used to make petrochemicals.

 Petrochemicals are used in medicine and plastics.

6.9 Cotton Plantation in Natchez, Mississippi Vocab.: A plantation is a large farm.

 Slaves worked on wealthy plantations growing and picking cotton.

 A big argument about slavery led to the Civil War which killed many people and damaged a lot of property.

 Slavery ended after the Civil War.

p. 56 6.10 Montgomery, Alabama: Birthplace of Civil Rights Movement  Civil Rights Memorial honors people killed during the civil rights movement.

 Blacks were free after the Civil War, but were denied rights and dealt with segregation.

Vocab.: Segregation is the separation of people because of race.  Civil Rights movement began in Montgomery in 1955, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., to end segregation.

 One protest was segregation on busses and led to the bus boycott.

p. 57 Montgomery Activity Examples of Prejudice in the Early 1950s If you were African American in the Southeast during the 1950s:  You could not go to the nicest school in town. It was reserved for white children.  You could not sit where you wanted in a movie theater. Blacks had to sit in the balcony or the back.  You could not sit where you wanted on a bus. Seats up front were reserved for whites.  You could not go to whatever amusement park you wanted. Many were closed to African American children.  You could not vote. Most blacks could not vote anywhere in the Southeast during the 1950s.  You could not drink from fountains reserved for whites.  You could not swim at beaches set aside for whites.

Imagine that you are an African American living in the Unites States in the early 1950s. Create a protest sign against one of the examples of prejudice that you face. The sign should be large, colorful, and contain a memorable slogan.

p. 58 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 6 Processing Assignment – (Jamestown Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you have recently settled in Jamestown, Virginia. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences of your new life in Jamestown. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, settler’s name, location where you are starting a settlement, and your first impressions.  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: starving, Native Americans, sickness and disease)  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: John Smith, Native Americans, tobacco crop, African slaves)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings –overview of Jamestown, negative experience, positive experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, settler’s name, location (1)  First impressions of Jamestown (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: starving, Native Americans, sickness and disease (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: John Smith, Native Americans, tobacco crop, African slaves (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, die, hope, rich (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 59 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 60 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 58 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 6 Processing Assignment – (New Orleans Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you have recently toured New Orleans, Louisiana. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences from your travels. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, your name, location you are touring, and your first impressions.  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: music, Cajun food, French Quarter)  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: hurricane, swamp, mosquitoes)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings –overview of New Orleans, positive experience, negative experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, tourist’s name, location (1)  First impressions of New Orleans (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: music, Cajun food, French Quarter (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: hurricane, swamp, mosquitoes (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, die, hope, rich (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 59 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 60 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 58 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 6 Processing Assignment – (Montgomery Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are an African American citizen who lives in Montgomery, Alabama during the civil rights movement. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences from your struggle to end segregation. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, your name, location you are touring, and your beliefs about segregation and civil rights.  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: segregation, violence, denied rights)  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: peaceful protests, bus boycott, Martin Luther King, Jr.)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings –segregation in Montgomery Alabama, negative experience, positive experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, tourist’s name, location (1)  First impressions of New Orleans (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: segregation, violence, denied rights (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: peaceful protests, bus boycott, Martin Luther King, Jr. (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, segregation, hope, civil rights (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 59 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 60 Ch. 6 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 61 Ch. 7 Population Density & Life in the Northeast Preview What two pieces of clothing will Robert need to wear when he goes outside for recess in the winter? Robert will need to wear a coat and boots when going outside for recess. (mittens, scarf, snowpants)

Key Idea: Geography has shaped life in the Southeast.

Detail: The ocean attracts tourists to beaches and provides jobs. Detail: The long growing season allows many crops to grow.

Detail: Hurricanes are one kind of dangerous weather people experience.

Detail: Forests create jobs and goods for people.

p. 62 7.2 Elevation: Lowlands and Highlands Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  Water levels in  Seawater flows rivers and swamps rise or drop into coastal lowlands called the with the tide. tidewater.

 It’s colder in high elevations and warmer in  Elevation low elevations. effects climate.

 Plants grow well in warm lowlands and  Elevation freeze in cool highlands. effects plant life and growing seasons.  Lowland soil is rich and good for farming while highland soil is rocky and not  Elevation easy to farm. effects farming.

 Travel in lowlands is fast and easy, but slow and difficult in highlands.  Elevation effects travel. Elevation

p. 63 7.3 Rivers and Ocean Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  Swimming,  Rivers and fishing, and boating are popular oceans effect recreation. water sports.  Shipping by  People use the boat is inexpensive. ocean and rivers to transport crops and goods over long distances.  Goods brought  Port cities grow in by ships can be transported up along the coast where rivers inland on rivers. reach the sea.

Rivers and Ocean

p. 64 7.4 Fall Line Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  When ships  The edge of the reach the Piedmont, they stop at Piedmont drops sharply, creating the fall line. waterfalls.

 Goods that arrived by boat from the coast  Trading posts were traded for meat and crops were set up on the fall line. raised in the highlands.

 Sawmills, flour mills, and workshops that ran on  Falling water waterpower were built along the was used to run machines. fall line.

Fall Line

p. 65 7.5 Natural Resources Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  Growing crops  Land was first and raising animals was the natural resource that attracted Southeast’s largest industry. people to the Southeast.  Coal-mining, oil,  Southeast is steel, iron ore, and lumber rich in natural resources. industries are important to the economy.

Natural Resources

p. 66 7.6 Long Growing Season Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  Agriculture is an  There is good important part of the soil, plenty of rain, and a long Southeast’s economy and many growing season. crops grow well here.

 Farmers were  A bug called the ruined and learned not to boll weevil destroyed the cotton depend on just one crop. before it was ready for harvest.

Long Growing Season

p. 67 7.7 Natural Resources Effect (What happened?) Cause (Why did that happen?)  Floods happen.  Too much rain comes down.  Water flows over a river’s banks, onto its  During a flood, floodplain. a river fills with more water than it can hold.  Dangerous floods destroy homes, crops,  People live and and people’s lives. work on floodplains.

 Everything in a hurricane’s path is destroyed  Hurricanes are and people are left homeless. the most dangerous storms with winds up to 175 mph, huge waves, and storm surges that flood land.

Dangerous Weather p. 68 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 7 Processing Assignment – (Geographic Effects) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Make a T-Chart on p. 69 in your student notebook, naming one “Geography in the Southeast” and the other side “Effects of Geography in the Southeast.” Then, draw and label (correct spelling) pictures showing geography and the effects geography can have on people in the Southeast. Pictures should focus on the following: Weather Elevation Natural resources  Bodies of water (rivers, lakes, and oceans) Pts. Requirements ___ Weather (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of weather and its effects (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Elevation (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of elevation and its effects (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Natural Resources (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of natural resources and its effects (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2) ___ Bodies of Water (6 pts.)  Accurate depiction of bodies of water and its effects (2)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2)  Drawing is labeled with correct spelling in at least two places on each picture (2)

___/24 ___% ___Grade Total p. 69 Ch. 7 Processing Assignment Weather in Southeast Weather Effects People in Southeast

Elevation in Southeast Elevation Effects People in Southeast

Natural Resources in Southeast Natural Resources Effect People in Southeast

Bodies of Water in Southeast Bodies of Water Effect People in Southeast p. 70 Ch. 8 A Crop Duster Tour of the Midwest Preview If you could take a trip to the Midwest, which one place would you most want to visit and why? I would like to visit Mt. Rushmore to see the faces of four great presidents carved into the side of a mountain and all the wildlife in the region.

Geography Challenge Map p. 71 Geography Challenge Questions 1) What 12 states are in the Midwest region? The 12 states in the Midwest region are North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio.

2) What are the capital cities of the 12 states in the Midwest region? The 12 Midwest capital cities are Bismarck, Pierre, Lincoln, Topeka, Des Moines, St. Paul, Jefferson City, Madison, Springfield, Lansing, Indianapolis, and Columbus.

3) What Great Lakes are in the Midwest region? The Great Lakes in the Midwest are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie.

4) Where are the Black Hills? The Black Hills are in South Dakota.

5) What two rivers come together in St. Louis? The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers come together in St. Louis.

6) What river forms part of the borders of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri? The Ohio River forms part of the borders of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.

7) Which of the Midwestern states border Lake Michigan? Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin border Lake Michigan. p. 72 Geography Challenge Questions (continued) 8) What are three points of interest in the Midwest? Three points of interest in the Midwest are Soo Locks, Mall of America, and Wrigley Field.

9) What country borders the United States to the north of the Midwest region? Canada borders the United States to the north of the Midwest region.

10) Which of the Midwestern states are the main dairy states? The main dairy states in the Midwest are Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

Key Idea: The Midwest is called “America’s Breadbasket” for its wheat farms and “America’s Heartland” for its geography, history, and economics.

Detail: Midwestern farmers grow a lot of wheat we use to make bread.

Detail: The Midwest lies at the heart, or center, of the United States.

Detail: The Midwest is where pioneers began their westward journeys, Native Americans defended their homeland, and professional baseball began.

Detail: The Midwest is a center for farming and industry. p. 73 8.2 St. Louis, Missouri: Gateway to the West  St. Louis is a frontier town located by the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.

 St. Louis is called the “Gateway to the West” because pioneers started their journey west from here.

 The Gateway Arch honors the pioneers.

8.3 Farm State of Iowa  Iowa is a flat prairie state full of fertile soil that grows a variety of crops on large farms.  Vocab.: A prairie is an area of flat or rolling land covered mostly with tall grasses.

Vocab.: Fertile soil is able to produce good crops.

 Iowa farms produce corn, soybeans, oats, and hay to feed livestock (animals raised on farms).

8.4 Dodge City, Kansas: Where Cattle Still Roam  Kansas is famous for cowboys and wheat.

 Dodge City has meatpacking plants to prepare meat for sale.

 Cowboys “drove” cattle from Texas to Dodge City before loading them on trains and shipping the cattle out east. p. 74 8.5 South Dakota’s Heroes  Mt. Rushmore Memorial has four American presidents carved into the Black Hills. (Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevelt)

 Crazy Horse Memorial, also carved into the Black Hills, honors a Sioux Indian chief who fought and won a battle to defend his land.

Vocab.: The Sioux and other Native Americans were forced to live on reservations, or land set aside for Native Americans.

8.6 Michigan’s Soo Locks  Soo Locks lift and lower ships when they are moving through a canal from Lake Superior to Lake Huron. p. 75 8.7 Detroit, Michigan: America’s Motor City  Henry Ford built his first car in 1896 when cars were expensive.

 Ford built an automobile factory in Detroit in 1908.

 Ford mass produced the parts to his cars and installed a moving assembly line for workers to construct cars.

 The time needed to assemble cars dropped from 12 hours to 93 minutes.

 Mass production and the assembly line cut the cost of cars.

8.8 O’Hare International Airport: Midwest’s Transportation Hub  O’Hare is one of the busiest airports in the U.S.

Vocab.: Chicago is a transportation hub – a center for moving goods and people.

 Railroads, highways, airports, rivers, and lakes move people and goods into and out of Chicago more than any other American city. p. 76 8.9 Chicago’s Wrigley Field  Wrigley Field is home to the Chicago Cubs and is the 2nd oldest ballpark.

 Babe Ruth’s “called shot” in the 1932 World Series occurred here.

8.10 Minnesota’s Amazing Mall of America  Mall of America is the largest indoor shopping mall in the U.S.

 Indoor malls allow people to shop no matter what the weather.

 In winter, blizzards bring heavy snow and freezing winds.

 In spring, hailstorms drop lumps of ice or tornadoes destroy everything in their path.

 Mall of America has 520 stores, 50 restaurants, 14 movie theaters, and an amusement park. p. 77 Kansas Activity Imagine what life is like for cowboys out on the range or trail. With a partner, brainstorm what a cowboy might see, hear, feel, smell, or taste. p. 78 Detroit Activity Complete either the 1st or 2nd box. Everyone will complete the 3rd box. Box 1) Designed a unique car with a group How long did it take for your group to design and draw your car? _____ minutes Did you finish your design? _____ If you wanted to sell your drawing of a car, how long would it take for you to create another just like it? _____ minutes Write three adjectives that best describe how it felt for you to design and draw plans for your car: ______

Box 2) Designed a common car on an assembly line How many cars did your group of six create in 10 minutes? _____ cars How much skill was needed to work on the assembly line?

Write three adjectives that best describe how it felt for you to work on the assembly line: ______

Box 3) What are some advantages and disadvantages of the assembly line? Advantages Disadvantages p. 79 Mall of America Activity Brainstorm ideas for a successful Midwestern shopping mall. Your mall must attract a wide variety of people, including:  Farmers and ranchers  Office worker  Factory workers Your mall has space for 6 stores. On the lines below, list the 10 stores your group would put into the mall. For each store, make up a name that tells what the store sells. Try not to use names of real stores.

1) ______

2) ______

3) ______

4) ______

5) ______

6) ______Next to each store name you write, sketch a simple logo for that store. p. 80 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 8 Processing Assignment – (Dodge City Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a cowboy on a cattle drive from Texas to Dodge City, Kansas. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences from your cattle drive. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, your name, your final destination, and some sights or sounds you have seen or heard on your journey.  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: hot, dusty, smelly, long, lost cattle)  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: horseback riding, sights, outdoors)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings –cattle and cowboys in Dodge City, negative experience, positive experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, cowboy’s name, destination (1)  Sights and sounds on cattle drive (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: horseback riding, sights, outdoors (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: hot, dusty, smelly, long, lost cattle (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, motorcycles, hope, meatpacking jobs (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

___/30 ___% ___Grade Total (rough draft on p. 86 & 87) p. 81 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 82 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 80 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 8 Processing Assignment – (Detroit Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a worker on an automobile assembly line in Detroit, Michigan. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences from your job. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, your name, your city of employment, and what a car factory looks like with people working on the assembly.  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: mass production, affordable cars, assembly time)  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: boring, monotonous, identical)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings – assembly line, negative experience, positive experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, worker’s name, city of employment (1)  Car factory and assembly line description (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: mass production, affordable cars, assembly time (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: boring, monotonous, identical (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, lost jobs, hope, new car models (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 81 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 82 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 80 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 8 Processing Assignment – (Mall of America Story) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a child visiting Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. Write a journal entry describing some positive and negative experiences from your visit. Your journal entry should include:  Introduction paragraph telling date, your name, the name and location of the mall, and what were your first impressions of the mall.  Paragraph describing positive experiences. (Use words: amusement park, shopping, eating at restaurants)  Paragraph describing negative experiences. (Use words: getting lost, blizzard or tornado, sick on roller coasters)  Concluding paragraph describing your hopes & worries for the future.  4 colorful drawings – overview of mall or amusement park, negative experience, positive experience, hopes or worries for future  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Date, child’s name, name of mall and city location (1)  First impressions of mall (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Positive experiences (3)  Use words: amusement park, shopping, eating at restaurants (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Negative experiences (3)  Use words: getting lost, blizzard or tornado, sick on roller coasters (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hopes and worries for the future (3)  Use words: worry, lost again, hope, return again (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 81 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 82 Ch. 8 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 83 Ch. 9 Agricultural Changes in the Nation’s Breadbasket Preview In each of these years, the average farmer fed this number of people: 1870: 5 people 1920: 10 people 1950: 15 people Using a crayon, fill in the bar graph below for each of these three years. Then predict what happened in 1960 and in 1970. Use a pencil to show your predictions on the graph.

Numb er of People Fed per Farme r

1870 1920 1950 1960 1970

In 1960, the average farmer fed 25 people. In 1970, the average farmer fed 75 people. Show these figures on your bar graph using a crayon. Did you correctly predict what happened in each year? _____

I believe one farmer fed more people as the years went by because there were improvements in machinery, pesticides, and fertilizers. p. 84 Complete the bar graphs for each time period. Color the appropriate number of spaces on the first graph in red and on the second graph in blue.

Numbe r of Americ ans out of 100 Who Lived on a Farm 1800 1900 2000

Numbe r of Acres of the Averag e Farm

1800 1900 2000

p. 85 Key Idea: The Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world allowing many crops to grow there, but farmers have always had to work hard to survive. p. 86 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 9 Processing Assignment – (Timeline) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Make a Timeline on p. 87 in your student notebook, with colorful pictures that are labeled (correct spelling) depicting farm tools used in the 1800’s, 1900’s, and 2000’s. Pts. Requirements ___ 1800’s (9 pts.)  3 Accurate pictures of tools (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn pictures showing high effort (3)  Drawings are labeled with correct spelling for each picture (3) ___ 1900’s (9 pts.)  3 Accurate pictures of tools (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn pictures showing high effort (3)  Drawings are labeled with correct spelling for each picture (3) ___ 2000’s (9 pts.)  3 Accurate pictures of tools (3)  Colorful and neatly drawn pictures showing high effort (3)  Drawings are labeled with correct spelling for each picture (3)

___/18 ___% ___Grade Total

p. 87 Ch. 9 Processing Assignment 1800

1900 2000

p. 88 Ch. 10 A Big Rig Tour of the Southwest Preview If you could take a trip to the Southwest, which one place would you most want to visit and why? I would like to visit the Grand Canyon in Arizona to see birds fly below and the Colorado River carving out the canyon.

Geography Challenge Map p. 89 Geography Challenge Questions 1) Which 4 states are in the Southwest region? The 4 states in the Southwest region are Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma.

2) What body of water has oil deposits along its shoreline? The Gulf of Mexico has oil deposits along its shoreline. 3) What minerals can be found near the “Four Corners” region of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico? Coal, uranium, and natural gas or oil can be found near the Four Corners region of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.

4) What are the state capitals in this region? The state capitals in this region are Phoenix, Sante Fe, Austin, and Oklahoma City.

5) What river forms part of the border between the United States and Mexico? The Rio Grande forms part of the border between the United States and Mexico.

6) What famous site is near Hoover Dam? The Grand Canyon is a famous site near Hoover Dam.

7) What is the highest point in this region? (It’s labeled on map.) The highest point in this region is Wheeler Park. p. 90 Geography Challenge Questions (continued) 8) What river runs through the Grand Canyon and flows into Mexico? The Grand Canyon runs through the Grand Canyon and flows into Mexico.

9) What country borders the United States south of New Mexico? Mexico borders the United States south of New Mexico.

10) Which state in the Southwest is the largest manufacturing state? Texas is the largest manufacturing state in the Southwest. Key Idea: The Southwest is a large and beautiful region where people had to adapt to survive the hot and dry climate.

Detail: Much of the Southwest is a desert.

Detail: Air conditioning, aqueducts, and automobiles help people survive.

Detail: Monument Valley, Grand Canyon, and Carlsbad Caverns are scenic sites.

p. 91 10.2 Monument Valley: Home of the Navaho  Navaho Indian Reservation.

 Western movies and commercials made here.

Vocab.: Mesas are flat topped hills.

Vocab.: A desert is a dry land where little rain falls.

Vocab.: People have to adapt, or change, to survive in the desert. 10.3 Phoenix, Arizona: America’s Hottest City  115 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer.

 Air conditioning, aqueducts, and automobiles helped people adapt to the desert.

Vocab.: Aqueducts are large pipes or canals that carry water over long distances.

10.4 Hoover Dam: A Concrete Marvel Vocab.: A dam is a wall built across a river.

 Hoover Dam was built to control flooding on the Colorado River – dam slows water down the river.

 Hoover Dam stores water – water behind dam sent through aqueducts to farms and cities.

p. 92 10.5 Grand Canyon: Arizona’s World-Famous Wonder Vocab.: A canyon is a deep narrow valley with steep sides.

 227 miles long, 1 mile deep

 Canyon formed 10 million year ago and was carved slowly out of the earth by water and wind.

10.6 Big Rooms and Bats in Carlsbad, New Mexico Vocab.: A cave is a natural hole found under the earth.

Vocab.: A cavern is a large cave.  A large swarm of bats fly out of the cave entrance at night.

10.7 Wl Paso and Ciudad Juarez: Two Cities, Two Countries, One Border Vocab.: A border is a line that people agree on to separate two places.

 The Rio Grande River separates or creates the border between the U.S. and Mexico.

 American businesses built factories in Juarez and truck goods across the border into the U.S.

 Mexican workers will work for much lower pay than American workers, so this reduces the cost of business.

p. 93 10.8 San Antonio, Texas: Home of the Alamo Vocab.: A mission is a Spanish settlement where priests taught Native Americans the Christian religion.

 The Alamo is a famous mission in San Antonio where a small band of men fought and died so Texas could be free from Mexican rule.

Vocab.: A rebellion is an armed fight against one’s government.

 Texans rebelled against the Mexican government by declaring independence.

 Texan freedom fighters tried to stop advancing Mexican forces at the Alamo, but were all killed when the mission was captured. p. 94 10.9 Austin: The Capital of Texas Vocab.: A capital is a city where the government of a country or state is located.

 Three branches of government are the legislative, executive, and judicial.

 Legislative branch makes laws.

 Executive branch is headed by governor whose job is to make sure laws are carried out.

 Judicial branch consists of judges and courts who decide how to punish people for committing crimes. 10.10 Guthrie, Oklahoma: Center of the Land Rush  Guthrie, Oklahoma settled in one day when U.S. government gave away 2 million acres of land in a one-day land rush.

 “Sooners” were people who “jumped the gun” and entered the land prior to the land rush.

p. 95 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 10 Processing Assignment – (Hoover Dam Newspaper) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a journalist for the Arizona Herald. Write a newspaper article telling about the Hoover Dam being built. Your newspaper article should include:  Introduction paragraph telling the years the Hoover Dam was built, your name, the state Hoover Dam is located in, what were your first impressions of the Hoover Dam.  Paragraph describing how the location of the Hoover Dam was chosen, what happened to the river during construction, and how and why the dam was shaped. (Use words: narrow canyon, tunnels to channel the river, a curved bowl, thicker base)  Paragraph describing amount of concrete used and how it was dried. (Use words: concrete, pipes, cold water)  Concluding paragraph sharing interviews with two people who tell the positive and negative impacts of the dam. (Use words: prevent flooding, store water, changes environment, prevents fish from swimming upstream)  4 colorful drawings – Before and after pictures of Hoover Dam, positive and negative impact pictures  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Years dam was built and state it is located in (1)  First impressions of dam (3)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (before dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Location and shape of dam, course of river (3)  Words: narrow canyon, tunnels to channel the river, curved bowl, thick base (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (after dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Amount of concrete used and how it was dried (3)  Words: concrete, pipes, cold water (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  People interviews describing positive/negative impacts (3)  Words: prevent flooding, store water, changes environment, prevents fish from swimming upstream (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 96 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 97 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 95 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 10 Processing Assignment – (El Paso/Ciudad Juarez Newspaper) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a journalist for the Border Post. Write a newspaper article telling about life on the border between the United States and Mexico. Your newspaper article should include:  Introduction paragraph describing what it is like to cross the border between Mexico and the United States. (Use words: long lines, security checks, Rio Grande River, passport)  Paragraph telling why people cross over the border to the United States each day. (Use words: export goods from Mexico, jobs, illegal immigration)  Paragraph telling why American businesses move to Mexico and why people from Mexico live near the border. (Use words: cheap labor, reduced business costs, factory jobs)  Concluding paragraph sharing interviews with a person from Mexico and a person from the United States talking about the positive and negative impacts of living on the border. (Use words: jobs, illegal immigration)  4 colorful drawings – border crossing, factories, positive and negative impact pictures  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Crossing the border experience (4)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (before dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Reasons to cross to the United States (3)  Words: export goods from Mexico, jobs, illegal immigration (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (after dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Reasons businesses move to Mexico and Mexicans move to border (3)  Words: cheap labor, reduced business costs, factory jobs (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  People interviews describing positive/negative impacts (3)  Words: jobs, illegal immigration (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 96 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 97 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 95 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 10 Processing Assignment – (Guthrie Newspaper) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a journalist for the Guthrie Gazette. Write a newspaper article telling about the land rush in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Your newspaper article should include:  Introduction paragraph describing why people are in Guthrie and how they claim land. (Use words: land rush, free land, U.S. government, 2 million acres, claim land)  Paragraph describing “Sooners.” (Use words: Sooners, “jumped the gun”)  Paragraph telling what happened during land rush and how Guthrie changed in one day. (Use words: wagons, horses, claim land, 10,000 people)  Concluding paragraph sharing interviews with a settler and a Native American talking about the positive and negative impacts of the land rush. (Use words: free land, great soil, reservations, broken treaties)  4 colorful drawings – Land Rush, Sooners, positive and negative impact pictures  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Why people are in Guthrie and claiming land (3)  Words: land rush, free land, U.S. government, 2 million acres, claim land (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Description of Sooners (3)  Words: “Sooners,” “jumped the gun” (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Land rush events and a changing Guthrie (3)  Words: wagons, horses, claim land, 10,000 people (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  People interviews describing positive/negative impacts (3)  Words: free land, great soil, reservations, broken treaties (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 96 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 97 Ch. 10 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 98 Ch. 11 A Case Study in Water Use: The Colorado River Preview Do you remember a time when there wasn’t enough of something for everyone who wanted some? (For example, maybe there were 12 children at a birthday party but only 10 cupcakes.) Write two or three sentences describing what happened.

Draw a picture of your face Write one sentence describing that shows how you felt. why you felt that way. 11.1 Introduction Key Idea: Beginning in the Rocky Mountains and ending in the Gulf of California, the Colorado River, with its many tributaries, plays a vital role in the ability for people to live and survive in the dry Southwest.

Detail: The Colorado River begins in the Rocky Mountains.

Vocab.: The source is where a river begins.

p. 99 Detail: The Colorado River crosses into Mexico and ends in the Gulf of California.

Vocab.: Rivers that join other rivers are called tributaries.

Detail: The Colorado River provides drinking water for 25 million people and supplies water for 3 million acres of farmland.

Detail: Dams on river produce electricity used in the Southwest.

11.2 First Settlers in Colorado River Basin Key Idea: The Anasazi and Hohokam were farmers living in the Colorado River Basin. Vocab.: A river basin is the area around a river and its tributaries.

Problem Solution  Not enough rain  They built fell to water the crops. canals to carry water from rivers to fields.  A drought occurred and when no rain  They chose to came, rivers ran dry. leave and live rather than stay and die.

p. 100 11.3 River is Explored Key Idea: The Grand Canyon and Colorado River was seen by Francisco Vasquez de Coronado’s men in 1540, but the river remained unexplored until 1869 when John Wesley Powell and his men explored the area.

Problem Solution  The Colorado  John Wesley River remained unexplored. Powell and nine men took three months to float down Colorado River and see Grand Canyon from the bottom.

11.4 First Wave of Settlement Key Idea: Farmers, cattle and sheep ranchers, and people living in towns and cities began to settle the Southwest.

Problem Solution  Farmers needed  Had to bring a to grow crops in the desert. lot of water to the fields.

 Ranchers  People looked needed drinking water for to the Colorado River and its animals and water for crops of tributaries for water needs. hay.

 People living in towns and cities needed water for drinking, washing, and gardens.

p. 101 11.5 Sharing the Water: Colorado River Compact Key Idea: At first, there was enough water in the Colorado River for everyone and the water was divided up following the law “first in time, first in right.” However, soon an agreement was made to share the water more equally.

Problem Solution  Dividing water  Seven river according to “first in time, first in basin states reached an right” was not fair since first agreement called the Colorado water users lived in California. River Compact which divided the states into two groups, the upper and lower basin, and shared the water equally.

 Mexico was not  U.S. signed a part of the Colorado River separate water agreement with Compact and was worried it Mexico and promised to leave wouldn’t receive any water. some water in the river.

p. 102 11.6 Taming River with Dams Key Idea: Dams are used along the Colorado River and its tributaries to help in the equal sharing of the water, store water, tame the river, and generate electricity.

Problem Solution  Sharing the  Dams were built Colorado River was not easy to trap and store water in a because in wet years, the river reservoir. flooded its banks and in dry years, the river barely flowed.  In wet years, they prevented flooding by controlling water flowing down the river.

 In dry years, reservoirs provided water to farms and cities.

11.7 Number of Water Users Grow and Grow Key Idea: Families, farmers, ranchers, businesses, and miners have all moved to the Colorado River Basin and need water.

p. 103 11.8 Wildlife Water Users Key Idea: Mammals, birds, fish, and other animals need the river, but dams have destroyed their habitat.

Vocab.: A habitat is the place where an animal lives in nature. Problem Solution  Dams have  Dam operators made reservoirs which have release more water in the spring caused beavers, otters, and to help wildlife. other animals habitats to end up deep underwater.

 Dams have caused river water to go from muddy and warm to clear and cool and from a high level in the spring to a high level in the summer which harm wildlife.

p. 104 11.9 Is There Enough Water for Everyone? Key Idea: Colorado River Compact divides the water among the upper and lower basins and Mexico with a specific amount of water in mind, but due to dry years and population growth, there might not be enough water for everyone. 11.10 Meeting Future Water Needs Key Idea: Communities in the Colorado River Basin must find ways to save water to meet future water needs.

Problem Solution  Colorado River  Increase the Basin may face shortages. water supply by building dams.

 Dams hurt the  Conserve water natural environment. by using less of it.

 Recycle wastewater that goes down drains, treat it, and use it to water parks and golf courses.

p. 105 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 11 Processing Assignment – (Colorado River Poster) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Each year, more and more people will need water from the Colorado River. As a result, it will be a challenge in the future to make sure there is enough water for everyone who needs it. Make a poster, using p. 106 in your student notebook for your rough draft, with colorful pictures showing and sentences describing a problem people face regarding water usage along the Colorado River and a possible solution. Your poster design should include these things:  A colorful picture showing the problem or challenge people face who live along the Colorado River and a sentence describing that problem or challenge.  A colorful picture showing a possible solution to the problem and a sentence describing that solution.  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, and complete sentences Pts. Requirements ___ Problem (5 pts.)  Accurate picture showing problem (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn pictures showing high effort (2)  Sentence describing picture (2) ___ Problem (5 pts.)  Accurate picture showing problem (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn pictures showing high effort (2)  Sentence describing picture (2) ___ Conventions (5 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation  Grammar  Complete Sentences______

___/15 ___% ___Grade Total

p. 106 Ch. 11 Processing Assignment Problem ______

Solution ______

p. 107 Ch. 12 A Van and Airplane Tour of the West Preview If you could take a trip to the West, what one place would you most want to visit and why? I would like to visit Yellowstone National Park to see all the wildlife, hike on trails, and watch geysers erupt.

Geography Challenge Map

p. 108 Geography Challenge Questions 1) Which states are located in the West region? The 12 states in the West region are Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Alaska, and Hawaii.

2) What river forms the border between Oregon and Washington? The Columbia River forms the border between Oregon and Washington.

3) What is the largest lake in Utah? Great Salt Lake is the largest lake in Utah.

4) What mountain range runs through Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado? The Rocky Mountains run through Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.

5) In what body of water is the only U.S. island state located? The only U.S. island state, Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean.

6) What freeway runs through Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, and Los Angeles? Interstate 5 runs through Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, and Los Angeles.

7) What are three mountains in the West region, from shortest to tallest? Three mountains in the West region, from shortest to tallest, are Mauna Loa, Mt. Whitney, and Mt. McKinley.

p. 109 Geography Challenge Questions (continued) 8) In what mountain range will you find Yellowstone National Park? Yellowstone National Park is in the Rocky Mountains.

9) Which state capital in the West region is nearest to Russia? Of all the state capitals in the West, the capital of Alaska, Juneau, is the nearest to Russia.

10) What appears to be the fastest driving route between Salt Lake City and Denver? The fastest driving route between Salt Lake City and Denver appears to be to drive west on Interstate 80 and then south on Interstate 25.

Key Idea: People first came and continue to come to the West for adventure, opportunity, and sunshine.

Detail: Adventures include exploring beautiful places, hiking, and skiing.

Detail: Job opportunities at first centered around natural resources such as furs, gold, silver, oil, and forests.

Detail: Today’s job opportunities are more with the tourism or entertainment industries.

Detail: Sunny climate attracts moviemakers and farmers.

p. 110 12.2 Lolo Pass, Montana: A Stop on the Lewis and Clark Trail Vocab.: A pass is a route across mountains.  Lewis and Clark led an expedition to find an all-water route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean and to explore land west of the Mississippi.

Vocab.: An expedition is a journey with a purpose.

12.3 “Nature’s Teakettles” in Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park Vocab.: A geyser is a hot spring that shoots boiling water and steam into the air.

 Old Faithful is a geyser that erupts every 35-120 minutes.

 Yellowstone National Park is the first and oldest national park in the world.

p. 111 12.4 Leadville, Colorado: The West’s Richest Silver Mining Town  Miners first came looking for gold, but then found lead and silver.  The city grew rapidly with miners, but almost became a ghost town when the silver boom ended.

 Another mineral was discovered and mined and that, along with tourism, helped the town survive.

12.5 Sunny Southern California’s Disneyland Park  Disneyland and the entertainment industry are located in Southern California due to the sunny climate.

 Walt Disney created movies, tv shows, and Disneyland to reach his goal of making people happy.

p. 112 12.6 California’s Central Valley: America’s Fruit and Salad Bowl  California’s Central Valley has deep, rich soil and long, warm summers perfect for growing crops, but has very little rainfall.  Dams were built on rivers flowing down mountains to collect water and irrigate crops.

Vocab.: Technology is the use of tools and ideas to meet people’s needs.

 California’s Central Valley is a center of farming technology which includes machine inventions used to pick crops.

12.7 The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Vocab.: A gorge is a deep, narrow valley with steep walls.

 The Columbia River forms a boundary between Washington and Oregon.

 Dams on the river produce a lot of electricity used by businesses.

 Farmers use the river water to irrigate crops.

 Farmers and businesses use the river to transport goods.

 Building dams on the river have hurt the Salmon population.

p. 113 12.8 A Sawmill in Tacoma, Washington  Tacoma is a center of the wood products industry. (lumber, plywood, cardboard, paper)

Vocab.: A sawmill is a factory where logs are turned into lumber.  Forests in the West attracted loggers and lumbermen.

12.9 Anchorage, Alaska: Starting Point of the Iditarod  Alaska is the largest state in the U.S., but has the fewest people due to its cold climate.

 Gold and oil are important natural resources found in Alaska.

 The most famous dogsled race in Alaska is the Iditarod.

p. 114 12.10 Honolulu, Hawaii: A Tourist Paradise  Hawaii is the state closest to the equator, so its weather is always sunny and warm.  Today, tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.

 100 years ago, raising sugar cane was Hawaii’s main industry.  Workers from Japan, China, the Philippines, etc. came to work on sugar cane plantations.

p. 115 Leadville Activity

Grooming and Fashion Most miners bathed less than once a week. Almost all wore beards or mustaches to avoid shaving. Miners’ clothing was made of the toughest material, like denim or flannel, so that it would last as long as possible in the tough mountain conditions. Miners wore heavy boots and were often covered with mud and muck.

Work Miners lived with the hope that they would strike it rich. A few did. Most worked day after day panning or digging for gold and silver. Separating the precious minerals from tons of rocks was backbreaking work. It required picks and shovels and lots of muscle. Most miners just barely eked out a living.

Living Conditions Miners usually lived in crowded cabins, tents, or boarding houses. The narrow streets that wound through the towns and camps were filled with mules, horses, oxen, and their droppings. They were often muddy or dusty. Smells from outhouses, livestock, and unwashed men wafted from the towns. Much of the food was truly horrible. Most of the miners lived on beans, salt pork, and coffee month after month. Most carried a weapon. The law was loose in the mining regions. And men often felt the need to settle disputes with their fists or worse.

p. 116 Leadville Activity

Weather Most miners worked in mountain conditions. The weather could turn bitter cold in the winter, with snow piled high along the roads or around camp. In the summer, the canyons where they worked could become unbearably hot. Keeping rainwater out of mine shafts, tents, and cabins was also a major source of difficulty for the unfortunate miners.

Leisure After a long period of work, men in the mining camps wanted some excitement in their lives. Gambling, drinking, and dancing were common in mining towns. When women were not available for dancing, some men pretended to be women so that they would all have partners. Men also read, wrote journal entries or letters, and wrote songs to add spice to their lives.

p. 117 Columbia Activity

Dams Approximately 150 dams and reservoirs have been built in the Columbia River Basin. For people, the dams have provided cheap electricity, water for drinking and irrigation, and recreational opportunities. However the dams have been hard on salmon. Historically, dams have prevented salmon from returning to their spawning grounds (streambeds where they reproduce). Dams have slowed the water in the rivers. This raises water temperatures and makes it more likely that young salmon may be eaten. Turbines that spin inside the dams to produce electricity can also kill salmon.

Farms and Ranches Thousands of farms and ranches have been built in the Columbia River Basin. In fact, water from the reservoirs along the Columbia irrigates 3 million acres of farmland in Washington, Oregon, and Idadho. These farms provide jobs in the Northwest and food for millions. The farms also produce runoff that can be harmful to fish and the people who eat them.

Factories and Businesses Many factories and businesses have been built in the Columbia River Basin. The factories and businesses depend on water and power from the Columbia. They also provide millions of jobs for people in the Northwest. They sometimes contribute to water pollution that affects fish and other wildlife.

p. 118 Columbia Activity

People The number of people in the Columbia River Basin has increased 100 times since 1850. The basin is home to 8 million people. Many live in such large cities as Portland, Seattle, Spokane, and Boise. Electric lines tie people’s toasters, microwaves, and computers directly to dams along the Columbia River.

Logging Huge forests surround much of the Columbia River Basin. The forests have provided jobs for generations of Northwest citizens. However, soil and debris from logging have sometimes destroyed fish habitat.

Environmental Changes The Pacific Ocean has changed in the last 150 years. Currents, temperature changes, and pollution in the ocean have all been blamed for reducing the number of salmon in the Columbia River Basin.

Fishing When fishermen discovered the millions of salmon in the Columbia River, they could barely believe their good fortune. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, fish canneries were built on the Columbia. Salmon were harvested by the millions. Since then, the number of salmon returning to the Columbia each year has dropped by over 7 million.

p. 119 Hawaii Activity Background Your class has won a trip to the Hawaiian Islands. You will visit four islands, and each student will be given $400 to spend on excursions! Your teacher knows that the safe way for the class to tour the Hawaiian Islands is to stay together. So, she wants to know which excursions all the students want to do. You will plan a daily itinerary of the tour. The class will then vote on the tour they most want to take.

Step 1: Read about the excursions on Student Handout 12D: Hawaii Attractions and decide on which excursions you think the class would most enjoy. Do not write on Student Handout 12D: Hawaii Attractions.

Step 2: Plan the daily itinerary on student notebook page 120. Your itinerary must  take four days.  not include visits to more than one island in a day.  not have more than three excursions per day.  not cost more than $400 per person.

p. 120 Hawaii Activity Daily Itinerary D Island Visited______A Excursion 1 ______Cost______Y Excursion 2 ______Cost______Excursion 3 ______Cost______1 Total Cost for the Day D Island Visited______A Excursion 1 ______Cost______Y Excursion 2 ______Cost______Excursion 3 ______Cost______2 Total Cost for the Day D Island Visited______A Excursion 1 ______Cost______Y Excursion 2 ______Cost______Excursion 3 ______Cost______3 Total Cost for the Day D Island Visited______A Excursion 1 ______Cost______Y Excursion 2 ______Cost______Excursion 3 ______Cost______4 Total Cost for the Day Total for All Excursions

p. 121 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 12 Processing Assignment – (Leadville Persuasive Letter) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a miner in Leadville, Colorado, writing home to a relative who is considering a move to Leadville. Write a letter to the relative trying to convince the person not to move to Leadville. Your letter should include:  Introduction paragraph describing reasons you chose to move to Leadville, Colorado. (Use words: strike rich, lead, silver, mining jobs)  Paragraph describing mining town and leisure activities. (Use words: muck in the streets, muddy, dusty, gambling, drinking, dancing, lawlessness)  Paragraph describing living and working conditions. (Use words: backbreaking work, low wages, crowded cabins, smelly unwashed men, horrible food)  Concluding paragraph telling of weather and silver boom ending and why they should not move to Leadville. (Use words: bitter cold, snow piled high, unbearably hot, silver boom, ghost town)  4 colorful drawings – picture of Leadville, leisure activities, living and working conditions, weather  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Reasons you moved to Leadville (3)  Words: strike rich, lead, silver, mining jobs (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (before dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Mining Town and Leisure Activities (3)  Words: muck in the streets, muddy, dusty, gambling, drinking, dancing, lawlessness (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (after dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Living and working conditions (3)  Words: backbreaking work, low wages, crowded cabins, smelly unwashed men, horrible food (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Weather, end of silver boom, final argument (3)  Words: bitter cold, snow piled high, unbearably hot, silver boom, ghost town (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 122 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 123 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 121 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 12 Processing Assignment – (Columbia River Persuasive Letter) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are an environmentalist writing a letter to the governors of Washington and Oregon. Write a letter trying to convince them to protect the environment and salmon population along the Columbia River. Include:  Introduction paragraph describing reasons why dams have been built in the past and what farms and factories provide. (Use words: control river from flooding, make electricity, store water, ship goods, food, jobs)  Paragraph describing harmful effects of dams on wildlife. (Use words: prevent salmon from returning to spawning grounds, raised water temperatures, turbines chop up salmon)  Paragraph describing harmful effects of farms and ranches. (Use words: fertilizer and pesticide runoff kills salmon, polluted water)  Concluding paragraph describing harmful effects of factories and businesses and why they should protect the environment. (Use words: water pollution, protect environment)  4 colorful drawings – picture of Columbia River, dams, farms and ranches, factories and businesses  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Reasons dams have been built, and purpose of farms and factories (3)  Words: control river from flooding, make electricity, store water, ship goods, food, jobs (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (before dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Harmful effects of dams (3)  Words: prevent salmon from returning to spawning grounds, raised water temperatures, turbines chop up salmon (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (after dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Harmful effects of farms and ranches (3)  Words: fertilizer and pesticide runoff kills salmon, polluted water (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Harmful effects of factories and businesses, protecting environment (3)  Words: water pollution, protect environment (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

___/30 ___% ___Grade Total (rough draft on p. 122 & 123) p. 122 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 123 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h p. 121 Name______#___ Date______Ch. 12 Processing Assignment – (Hawaii Persuasive Letter) DIRECTIONS & RUBRIC Imagine you are a Hawaiian citizen writing a letter to a relative. Write a letter trying to convince them to come for a visit and tour of Hawaii. Your letter should include:  Introduction paragraph describing the climate and geography of Hawaii. (Use words: sunny, warm, equator, Pacific Ocean, beaches, volcanoes)  Paragraph describing the tourism industry and tourist destinations. (Use words: most important, beaches, volcanoes)  Paragraph describing the industry many people worked in after arriving from the Pacific Islands and Asia. (Use words: sugar cane, plantations, China, Japan, Philippines)  Concluding paragraph describing the transportation options used to hop islands and the job opportunities in case they want to stay. (Use words: airplanes, boats, tourism)  4 colorful drawings – picture of Hawaiian Islands, beaches or volcanoes, sugar cane plantations, transportation  Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, complete sentences, and indented paragraphs Pts. Requirements ___ Introduction Paragraph (6 pts.)  Hawaiian climate and geography (3)  Words: sunny, warm, equator, Pacific Ocean, beaches, volcanoes (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (before dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 2nd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Tourism industry and destinations (3)  Words: most important, beaches, volcanoes (1)  Colorful/neatly drawn picture (after dam built) showing high effort (2) ___ 3rd Paragraph (6 pts.)  Sugar cane industry (3)  Words: sugar cane, plantations, China, Japan, Philippines (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Concluding Paragraph (6 pts.)  Transportation and job opportunities (3)  Words: airplanes, boats, tourism (1)  Colorful and neatly drawn picture showing high effort (2) ___ Conventions (6 pts.) 0-4 wrong, full credit; 5-9 wrong, half credit; 10 or more wrong, no credit  Spelling  Capitalization  Punctuation

p. 122 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment I ______n t ______r ______o d ______u ______c t ______i ______o n ______P ______a r ______a g r a p h 2 n ______d ______P ______a r ______a ______g r ______a ______p h ______p. 123 Ch. 12 Processing Assignment 3 rd ______P ______a ______r a ______g ______r a ______p ______h ______C ______o n ______c ______l u ______d ______i n ______g ______P a ______r ______a g ______r a p h