Exhibit: SPACE 4.15 Terraforming Table

Exhibit: SPACE 4.15 Terraforming Table Terraforming Script DRAFT v18

I/A KEY: Phase = Terraforming and the I/A occurs in 2 sequential phases. A 3rd phase shows final results. Cut Scene = Video sequence w/ no user control. Each phase has its own cut scene that loops seamlessly to the next. Tool = Main user interface. There are 10 tools divided between phase 1 and 2. Explain: 1) what is the tool; 2) what does it do

SCRIPT KEY: Italic bold text = Cut Scene narration.

text = TOOLS text

PHASE Cut Scene Tool

PHASE 1 Terraforming Mars Touch to start

Change the atmospheric and soil chemistry of the planet to make it more hospitable for human habitation.

Should humans ever devote the time and resources to making Mars hospitable to life from Earth?

To see what that change involves, simulate the terraforming of Mars and decide for yourself.

Could we transform an entire planet to make it habitable?

[Narrated:] Terraforming Mars — phase one.

Launch the tools to thicken the atmosphere with greenhouse gases and warm the planet.

Continue until the average surface temperature on Mars rises above the freezing point of water.

Touch here to join in PHASE Cut Scene Tool

Average Surface Temperature Terraforming Tools Touch one to being FACTORIES Build factories that process Martian minerals to release complex carbon greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Chemicals in the atmosphere and minerals in the soil can combine into complex carbon gases all across on Mars.

BOMBS Release powerful explosions to quickly vaporize frozen carbon dioxide and water at the Poles.

Set bombs in orbit around Mars and drop them over the Poles.

Release ASTEROIDS Crash an asteroid into Mars. The impact energy will quickly warm the entire planet.

Some asteroid impacts will release ammonia or methane, greenhouse gases many times more powerful than carbon dioxide.

Crash MIRRORS Deploy vast orbiting mirrors to focus sunlight directly on the Martian surface.

Target the Poles to vaporize greenhouse gases frozen in the Polar caps.

Deploy DUSTER Scatter dark dust over large areas. Dark surfaces absorb more solar energy – speeding up any warming methods already in place.

Scatter

PHASE 2

Phase one complete.

The average temperature on Mars is

Created by: Mark Iscoe, Sarah Galloway and Stuart Fox Page: 2 PHASE Cut Scene Tool

above freezing.

The planet has an insulating atmosphere and liquid water—essential life supports.

For phase two, raise oxygen levels and prepare soil for plant life.

Deploy simple organisms, then more complex plants, imported from Earth.

Oxygen Level 0 mbar

Touch here to join in

TERRAFORMING TOOLS Touch one to begin

Waiting for other users MICROBES Colonize newly melted water with bacteria and algae.

These microbes break down rocks, transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.

CO2, O2

Requires: carbon dioxide, sunlight, liquid water, rocky surfaces

COLONIZE LICHENS Lichen Cover rocky surfaces with lichen.

Lichen produce oxygen and create soil by chemically eat away at rocks.

Spreading lichen also darkens the ground, allowing it to absorb more solar energy.

Requires: carbon dioxide, sunlight, moist air, rocky surfaces MOSSES Place mosses in damp, shady locations with ground soil.

Mosses add nutrients to the soil and pump increasing amounts of oxygen into the air.

Sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium,

Created by: Mark Iscoe, Sarah Galloway and Stuart Fox Page: 3 PHASE Cut Scene Tool

potassium, calcium

Requires: carbon dioxide, sunlight, moist air, oxygen, soil

PLACE FLOWERS Seed tough, cold resistant, flowering plants, like grasses and shrubs, in rocky, dry areas.

The plants create nutrient-rich soil so trees can take root.

Requires: carbon dioxide, sunlight, moist air, oxygen, richer soil, rainfall

SEED Trees Plant trees in lower elevations to pump out large amounts of oxygen year-round.

Eventually, these tall trees will spread towards mountaintops and colder regions.

Requires: carbon dioxide, sunlight, moist air, oxygen, rich soil, rainfall

PHASE 3 Congratulations! You have terraformed Mars from a cold, dead planet into a warm, vital planet with green forests, blue oceans and a sustainable ecosystem.

The liquid water feeds plants and settlers, and the spreading forests will soon produce enough oxygen to allow human colonists to breathe without help.

Hiking is easier in low gravity, but at least for now, you still have to bring along an oxygen tank.

Created by: Mark Iscoe, Sarah Galloway and Stuart Fox Page: 4