Chapter 2 Learning Guide – Population

Chapter 2 – Population and Health AP Human Geography – Reading Guide

Big Ideas: Critical to human geography is the human population. Geographers seek to understand the distribution of people on earth, why people decide to live where they do, why they migrate from one place to another, and the effects of migration. The demographic characteristics of populations, such as their birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy, are key to understanding population change.

Key Issue 1 – Where Are the World’s People Distributed? Rubenstein 12e, Pgs. 46 – 51

Introducing Population and Health 1. Define overpopulation:

2. Define census:

Population Concentrations 3. The world’s population is highly clustered, or concentrated in certain regions. FOUR major population concentrations are identified in the text. Shade and label the areas of these concentrations on the map in red. TWO smaller concentrations, or emerging clusters, are also identified. Shade and label these areas on the map in blue.

4. In the boxes below, make note of significant facts, features, countries involved and characteristics of the four most important population concentrations and two secondary ones. EAST ASIA SOUTH ASIA 2

SOUTHEAST ASIA EUROPE AFRICA

Sparsely Populated Regions 5. Define ecumene:

6. What would non-ecumene mean?

7. List the four “lands” which are sparsely populated on Earth in the table below. For each region, briefly explain the reason that makes it inhospitable for human habitation. Sparsely Populated Land Reason for Inhospitality

Dry Lands

Wet Lands

Cold Lands

High Lands

8. Use the map on pages 48-49 to prepare a sketch map that shows non-ecumene and very sparsely inhabited lands (see the tan color on page 48 and the light green and yellow on 49; use two different colors and be sure to create a key). What is the relationship between the ecumene and densely populated areas in the world? 3

Population Density 9. Define arithmetic density:

10. Define physiological density:

11. What is arable land?

12. Define agricultural density:

Arithmetic Density Physiological Density Agricultural Density

How is it calculated?

High number means…

Where: Where: Where:

Low number means…

Where: Where: Where:

Key Issue 2 – Why is World Population Increasing? Pgs. 52-58

Natural Increase 13. Define natural increase rate (NIR):

14. What is the NIR today?

15. Define doubling time:

16. When did the global NIR peak, and what was it? 4

17. In what world regions is most growth occurring?

Births & Deaths 18. Define crude birth rate (CBR):

19. Define crude death rate (CDR):

20. Analyze the figure 2-14 and 2-15, which region has the highest CBR and CBD?

21. Define demography (page 55 purple box):

22. Why do human geographers evaluate data created by demographers?

23. Define total fertility rate (TFR):

24. What is the current world TFR?

25. What regions of the world currently have the highest TFR?

The Demographic Transition 26. The demographic transition is a ______with four ______and every country is in one of the stages.

27. Fill in the chart below with characteristics describing each stage in the demographic transition model (CBR, CDR, NIR, etc.). Characterize the amount of growth of each stage (low, moderate, high, etc.).

Demographic Transition Model Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Low Growth 5

28. In the chart below, which represents the four stages of demographic transition, identify the country and where it is located which is in that stage and briefly describe how it got to that stage. Use figure 2-18. .

Stages of Demographic Transition: Example Countries Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 No Country in Stage 1

Key Issue 3 – Why Do Some Places Face Health Challenges? Pgs. 58– 65

Health and Gender 29. Define sex ratio:

30. Define maternal mortality rate:

Health and Aging 31. Define population pyramid:

32. Sketch out a population pyramid for the people that live in your home:

33. Define dependency ratio:

34. What are the age groups for dependents? 6

35. Define infant mortality rate (IMR):

36. What does a high IMR indicate?

37. How are infant mortality rates distributed globally, in terms of the developed and developing countries?

38. What is a “graying” of the population? What happens as the number of elderly increases?

39. What is the IMR of the United States?

Medical Services 40. Summarize the situation of medical services around the world based on the development of the country. Developed Countries Developing Countries

41. How is healthcare different in the U.S. from other developed countries?

The Epidemiologic Transition 42. Define epidemiology:

43. Define epidemiologic transition:

44. What is a pandemic? 7

45. Complete the Epidemiological Transition Model chart below with notes on the stages of epidemiologic transition. Always identify the where (location)!

Stage 1: Pestilence and Famine

Stage 2:

Stage 3:

Stage 4:

Key Issue 4 – Why Might Population Increase in the Future? Pgs. 66 – 73

Population and Resources 46. Complete the chart below to describe the views and theories of various population theorists. Thomas Malthus Neo-Malthusians Critics of Malthus

47. Where was Malthus right?

48. In what way was Malthus mistaken? 8

Population Futures 49. What population characteristics (CBR, CDR, NIR) would a Stage 5: Decline include?

50. What are China and India doing to limit their population growth?

India China

Epidemiologic Futures 51. Complete the chart below with the sections about possible Stage 5s.

Stage 5: Evolution Stage 5: Stage 5: Connections

Family Futures 52. What two strategies have proven effective in lowering birth rates?

53. Take notes on important facts regarding the distribution of contraceptives in Bangladesh: 9