Mad King Ludwig Memorial History Tournament s1

Mad King Ludwig Memorial History Tournament Chicago Open 2006 History Doubles, July 28, 2006 Questions by Chris Frankel

Tossups, Round 3

1. In his first major case as an attorney, he unsuccessfully defended Daniel George, Dorephus Abbey, and Nils von Schoultz, a trio of rebels who fought in the Battle of the Windmill. The patronage of William Draper brought him into politics, and he would go on to serve as a joint ruler with both George Cartier and Etienne Tache. He then helped form a coalition with his political rival, the publisher of the Globe, and a leader of the Clear Grits faction, George Brown. On the strength of his National Policy platform, he was able to regain his office and be elected for four more terms after the Pacific Railway scandal had brought down his first Conservative Party regime and forced him to resign in favor of Alexander MacKenzie. FTP, identify this first Prime Minister of Canada. ANSWER: John MacDonald

2. A highlight from first of these encounters was a surprise 100 man cavalry charge led by Eck von Reischach against waiting gun battalions. The latter marked the end of the Treaty of Vasvar, and saw a display of bonfires and a chapel service at Kahlenburg mark the arrival of allies summoned by Ernst Starhemberg. Thousands of prisoners were burned alive before the retreat following the first one, which saw a sustained attack on the Carinthian Gate as cover for the efforts of sappers to tunnel under city walls. The defending commander of the first was Graf von Salm, and the second saw the attack led by Kara Mustafa saved by the arrival of Jan III Sobieski. FTP, identify these abortive 1529 and 1683 attempts by the Ottomans to take an Austrian city. ANSWER: Sieges of Vienna (accept synonyms like “battle” or “attack” in place of “siege,” as long as the answer reflects a hostile action directed against Vienna)

3. Its longest ruling leader was symbolized by a buffalo in a tunic, waged war against the Mahi country, and bore the name Tegbessou. The man who succeeded him was represented by a gun, marking the evolution of this kingdom’s army into one trained in Western firearms, razed the ports of Epe and Badagry, and was named Kpengla. During this time, this kingdom, which held the states of Whydah and Allada, and whose kings were traditionally guarded by a troupe of female warriors known as the Amazons, was under the yoke of the Oyo Empire and would remain so until the 19th Century reign of Gezo. Finally subjugated by the French at the end of that century, this Fon empire owed most of its economic success to the slave trade. FTP, identify this West African empire based out of present-day Benin. ANSWER: Dahomey

4. Communications Association. v. Doud ruled that Section 9H of this legislation did not constitute a bill of attainder, though U.S. v. Brown reversed that decision based on Section 509 of a follow-up act. Robert N. Denham was the first man to serve as General Counsel to its relevant federal agency after the passage of this act, which was anticipated by the passage of the Hobbs Act one year prior and created a commission called the FMCS and the position of Conciliation Director. Opposed by Philip Murray and William Green, this bill had a congressman from New Jersey as its House sponsor, and caused a division between the organizations of Green and John L. Lewis. Anti-Communist oaths and the banning of closed shops were instituted by, FTP, what restrictive piece of labor legislation co-sponsored by an Ohio senator and son of a former president? ANSWER: Taft-Hartley Act or Labor-Management Relations Act (Section 9H refers to the Anti- Communist Oaths, just as Section 509 of the Landrum-Griffin Act does, and Denham headed the National Labor Relations Board, which was the “relevant federal agency” mentioned)

5. It was condemned in the bulls Ad Sacram Beati Petri Sedem and Regiminis Apostolicis by Alexander VIII and in the bull Vineam Domini by Clement XI. A major breeding ground for it was the Abbey of St. Cyran, and a version of the New Testament with commentary from its perspective was published under the name Moral Reflections by Pasquier Quesnel, who was criticized in the bull Unigenitus. Defended in an attack on the Jesuits, On Frequent Communion, it placed an extreme emphasis on predestination and on the teachings of St. Augustine, and counted Antoine Arnauld among its followers. The seizure and destruction of the convent of Port Royal effectively crushed, FTP, what Dutch-born Christian heresy that became popular in early 18th Century France and was practiced by Pascal and Racine? ANSWER: Jansenism

6. Its most prominent campaign was amplified by an independent uprising of the aboriginal Miao people, and one of its earliest campaigns was led by a woman named Tang Sai-er. Spawning the Eight Diagrams movement and linked to a later revolt by the Nian Army, this group historically had its fighters wear red headgear, earning it the nickname the “Red Army.” Their guerilla tactics confounded imperial forces during their most widespread uprising, and were further aided by the embezzlement of funds issued to raise forces against them by the corrupt general Ho-Shen. Originating as a sect of Pure Land Buddhism and rising against Chien Lung in what would lead to the decline of the Qing Dynasty, this is, FTP, what namesake of a 1796-1804 rebellion, a Chinese religious society named for a flower? ANSWER: White Lotus or Pai Lien Chiao

7. An expose entitled Red Horizons was written by one of his defecting intelligence officers, Ion Pacepa, contributing to the discontent that led to his downfall. High-ranking members of his party eventually denounced him in the “Letter of the Six,” and a growing revolution in Timisoara spread throughout his country, partly inspired by concern over the mysterious death of his defense minister Vasile Milea, who may have been murdered by the Securitate. His policy, described under the term “systematization,” was characterized by forced shortages and over-exportation as part of an austerity program to pay off foreign debt. Coming into power after the death of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and being succeeded by Ion Iliescu, this is, FTP, what man who was executed with his wife Elena in 1989, a communist dictator of Romania? ANSWER: Nicolae Ceausescu

8. Its author attacks Ernest Renan and Silvestre de Sacy in a section on “Rational Anthropology and Philological Laboratory,” which directly precedes a discussion of Caussin de Perceval. Robert Irwin attacked it in his For Lust of Knowing, which attempts to re-legitimize this work's subject. Its author uses H.A.R. Gibb and Louis Massignon as examples of contemporaneous practitioners of its titular discipline, which he describes as a “secret sharer” of anti-Semitism. Nerval and Flaubert are presented as literary examples in the section on Pilgrims and Pilgrimages, while T.E. Lawrence is criticized for reducing the history of the Revolt in the Desert to his own experiences. FTP, identify this criticism of the history of Western scholarship regarding Islam, a work of Edward Said. ANSWER: Orientalism

9. The first of them was initially intended to be presented by Wilson Cary Nicholas, though the author decided on a change of venue, while the shorter latter one was introduced to the General Assembly by John Taylor. The first set consisted of nine statements, which emphasized the importance of the Tenth Amendment and offered a “rightful remedy” for violations of the “compact” created by the Constitution. The latter of them, which asserted both the loyalty of “the good people of this commonwealth” and the danger of government attempts to limit freedom of the press, was written by James Madison, who followed Thomas Jefferson’s authorship of the former ones. Released in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, these are, FTP, what set of statements that introduced the doctrine of nullification and were named for the two states in which they were presented? ANSWER: Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (accept either order)

10. False hope arose during this conflict when the messenger Ephraem delivered erroneous news to the secretary Thomas stating that the head of state had fled. Three of the sites damaged during it were the Chalke, the Baths of Zeuxippus, and the church of St. Lawrence, the last of which housed a pair of murderers who were not granted clemency after their failed execution was ordered by an official who was replaced by Tryphon as a result of it. Along with that prefect, Eudaemon, John the Cappadocian was another of the three officials deposed at the request of the instigators. Pompeius and his brother, Hypatius, who had been crowned by the masses, were executed as this event was put down by the generals Mundus, Narses, and Belisarius. FTP, identify this mob riot carried out against Justinian by Blue and Green chariot factions. ANSWER: Nika Revolt

11. In a two year span, a dwarf named John William Bean, as well as Edward Oxford and John Francis before him, each attempted to shoot this ruler. Baron Stockmar served as an early advisor to this ruler, who, upon gaining power, banished John Conroy, the man who would later be linked to a scandal that led to the forced examination of Flora Hastings’ virginity. A close relationship with the servant John Brown also created scandalous rumors during the reign of this monarch, who was given an imperial title by the passage of the Royal Titles Act, was honored in Golden and Diamond Jubilees, and counted John Russell, Lord Salisbury, and Lord Melbourne as prime ministers. FTP, identify this successor to William IV and spouse of Prince Albert, the longest-ruling British queen. ANSWER: Alexandrina Victoria

12. This organization made its first public appearance in a four day conference at Storer College that featured speeches by Henrietta Leary Evans and Reverdy Ransom, closed with the reading of “An Address to the Country,” and honored the memory of John Brown. A reminder of seven duties and short statements on such topics as health, employees and labor unions, and appeared in its Declaration of Principles. One of its first actions was a letter writing campaign in protest of the Brownsville Affair, and its first organizational meeting saw Frederick McGhee, Monroe Trotter, and others convene at the home of Mary Talbert. Other important members include cofounder John Hope, who became president of Morehouse College, and Mary White Ovington, its first white member. FTP, identify this W.E.B. DuBois-led civil rights group founded in 1905 and named after a river on the Ontario border. ANSWER: Niagara Movement

13. The one led by Richard Vernon was overshadowed by a feud involving Henry Beaufort that forced the banning of weapons, which itself led to clubs, or “bats” being sneaked inside. Like the “Fire and Faggot” event held 12 years earlier, it occurred at Leicester. Thomas Audley, Humphrey Wingfield and Richard Rich, successively, oversaw the “Reformation” one, which contemporaneously saw the title of Head of the Church bestowed to Henry VIII during its seven year span. The one under James I in 1614 was memorably “Adled,” while the one organized in 1265 by Simon de Montfort is often cited as the first modern example of one in England. FTP, identify these political gatherings, of which Charles I called a “Long” one that was later turned into a “Rump.” ANSWER: Parliaments

14. Jaroslav Cerny translated this man’s name as meaning “keeper of horses,” and lesser works attributed to this author include On Festivals and On the Preparation of Kyphi. His defining work shares its title with that of Hecataeus of Abdera, and the first recorded reference to him appears in the text Against Apion. In the case of such rulers as Semerkhet, the chronology devised by this author of The Book of Sothis varies with that of the Palermo Stone, and with such rulers as Djet, even varies across the different versions of his writing recorded by Julius Africanus and Syncellus. No extant original works of this priest from Sebennytos remain, though Josephus is the best known source. The source of the story that a hippopotamus killed Menes, this is, FTP, which historian, who wrote the Aegyptiaca and divided pharaohs of Egypt into dynasties? ANSWER: Manetho or Manethon

15. The month before the encounter at this site was spent building a road connecting it to Gist’s Plantation. Its main overseer took charge after the death of Joshua Fry and was forced to share command upon the arrival of reinforcements under James Mackay. Its fall was linked to the actions of an ally, Half King, who killed the commander of an enemy scouting party, Joseph de Jumonville, and left with his Seneca warriors before fighting began. Jumonville’s brother, Louis, sought revenge, and thus this *outpost in the Great Meadows, built as part of an expedition ordered by Robert Dinwiddie, was besieged by an army from Fort Duquesne. FTP, name this hastily-made fort, whose capture opened the French and Indian War and saw an ignominious surrender made by George Washington. ANSWER: Fort Necessity (accept “Great Meadows” before the *) 16. The earliest scholarly references to it were made by Ado of Vienne, Aeneas of Paris, and Hincmar of Reims, while St. Peter Damian and Humbert of Silva Candida were the among first to make official appeals to this document, primarily during their disputes with Michael Cerularius, who opposed their leader Leo IX. Published in Gratian’s Decretum, it was cited by Urban II in his attempts to claim Corsica. References to Judea and the province of Byzantia, a tale alleging its originator was a leper, and a failure to acknowledge Miltiades as the contemporary pope formed the basis of critiques of it by Nicholas of Cusa, and Lorenzo Valla, the latter of whom proved its falsity. FTP, Sylvester I was supposedly issued a large share of Roman lands according to what forged document that was attributed to a Christian emperor? ANSWER: Donation of Constantine

17. This dynasty stemmed from a man who inherited land on the right side of the Lahn River; his counterpart was the founder of the Weilburg line and his brother, Walram II. They acquired their namesake lands through Claudia of Chalon, whose marriage with Hendrik III produced Rene, the first to bear its name. A brief conflict over succession in this line emerged as the result of the earlier marriage of Albertine Agnes, leading to claims by both Friedrich of Prussia and Johan Wilhelm Friso, though eventually the husband of Princess Anne, William IV, would inherit the title. William the Silent and Maurice brought to prominence, FTP, what Dutch royal line, who would see another William become king of England in the Glorious Revolution? ANSWER: House of Orange or House of Nassau (to avoid complications, Orange is what the tossup clues are ideally looking at, but Nassau is acceptable too)

18. A series of fourteen essays proposing its establishment was authored by Jesse Hawley, and the first resolution to do so was introduced by Joshua Forman in the State Assembly, leading to a report on its feasibility being prepared by James Geddes. The head of the project was Benjamin Wright, and key members of its overseeing commission included Thomas Eddy, Simeon de Witt, and Gouverneur Morris. Its most zealous supporter was opposed by a faction called the Bucktails, and memorably emptied a keg to celebrate the completion of this structure, which became the subject of the nostalgic song “Low Bridge” when it was expanded and replaced by the Barge system. FTP, DeWitt Clinton championed the building of what waterway connecting Albany to Buffalo? ANSWER: Erie Canal

19. This movement used the date of April 17 as a reference point in classifying urbanites as “new people.” Though it signed the Paris peace agreement allowing Yasushi Akashi and his organization, UNTAC, to oversee the elections in its nation that gave FUNCINPEC a plurality of votes, its opposition to the new national government only ended with the capture of Ta Mok in 1999. When in power, it operated the infamous S-21, until it was overthrown by an invasion that installed Heng Samrin, though it formed its own rival government under Khieu Samphan. Emphasizing collective farming in its establishment of Democratic Kampuchea, this is, FTP, what leftist movement that prolifically committed genocide when ruling Cambodia under Pol Pot? ANSWER: Khmer Rouge (accept “Party of Democratic Kampuchea” until it is mentioned)

20. One of their attempts to write new constitution was the Green Book, and their leaders were later memorialized when drawings of their profiles were placed on the cover of The Polar Star. Lesser groups like the Union of Public Good and the Union of Salvation comprised their ranks, as did many members of secret societies like the Freemasons. Their main dichotomy fell between a northern faction advocating a constitutional monarchy and a southern one advocating a popular revolt; the respective leaders were Nikita Muraviev and Paul Pestel. Five of their leaders were hanged after an uprising at Senate Square, where many expressed support for Grand Duke Constantine, who had renounced his claim to the throne in favor of Nicholas I. FTP, identify these participants of an 1825 Russian revolt in the namesake month. ANSWER: Decembrists Mad King Ludwig Memorial History Tournament Chicago Open 2006 History Doubles, July 28, 2006 Questions by Chris Frankel

Bonuses, Round 3

1. Name these controversial political leaders of modern South America, FTPE. [10] The 1948 shooting death of this liberal reformist and leading Colombian political candidate sparked a mob riot called the Bogotazo and a prolonged period of chaos known as La Violencia. ANSWER: Jorge Eliecer Gaitan [10] This general overthrew Isabel Peron in a military coup and proceeded to crush his political opponents in the Dirty War, which saw thousands of people “disappeared.” Though he was found guilty of numerous crimes and human rights violations, he was controversially pardoned by Carlos Menem. ANSWER: Jorge Rafael Videla [10] If you want to make Matt Weiner shit his pants, just mention this leftist hero, who first attempted a failed 1992 coup against Carlos Perez before forming Fifth Republic Movement and being elected President of Venezuela in 1998. ANSWER: Hugo Chavez Frias

2. A series of laws was passed shortly after the dismissal of Lord Rockingham. FTPE: [10] Duties on glass, paint, tea, and other goods comprised the bulk of these measures, which also provided for strict enforcement of customs laws and banned the New York Assembly from meeting to punish citizens for not cooperating with the quartering of soldiers. ANSWER: Townsend Acts [10] A year after the Townsend Acts were passed, the ship Liberty, belonging to this future Declaration of Independence signer, was seized by customs agents for alleged smuggling, causing a riot in Boston. ANSWER: John Hancock [10] The Townsend Acts were justified by this earlier act, whose passage coincided with the repeal of the Stamp Act and asserted Parliament’s power to tax or make laws governing the colonies. ANSWER: Declaratory Act

3. It was to be set at the estate of Richard Rumbold. FTPE: [10] Never carried out due to the early departure of Charles II and his brother James from Newmarket, it called for a gang to ambush and murder the pair as they returned from watching a set of horse races. ANSWER: Rye House Plot [10] A conspirator in the Rye House Plot was the king’s bastard son, James Scott, who would return after the death of Charles II to lead this Protestant rebellion, which was put down at Sedgemoor. ANSWER: Monmouth Rebellion or Pitchfork Rebellion [10] In the tediously overasked Bloody Assizes that followed the Monmouth Rebellion, Judge Jeffreys ordered that hundreds be sent to this island, which was claimed for England by John Powell, but first discovered in 1536 by the Portuguese explorer Pedro a Campos. ANSWER: Barbados

4. Not everyone took shit from pirates. Answer these questions about wars involving piracy, FTPE. [10] Located across the Adriatic Sea from Italy, this Balkan kingdom sponsored piracy in surrounding seas under the direction of Queen Teuta, leading the Roman Republic to fight two short wars against them. ANSWER: Illyria or Illyrium or Illyrians [10] William Bainbridge was ordered to ferry tribute from Algeria to the Ottomans, prompting Thomas Jefferson to initiate this naval war against piracy. Edward Preble commanded the American forces, and the U.S.S. Philadelphia was memorably burned in a harbor after being captured by pirates. ANSWER: First Barbary War or Tripolitan War [10] The rulers of this dynasty employed the generals Lu Tang, Yu Dayou, and Qi Jiguang on a campaign to clear the Chinese coast of raids from Japanese pirates known as wokou. ANSWER: Ming 5. Nationalist movements were a dime a dozen in 19th Century Europe. FTPE: [10] The trio of Athanasios Tsakalof, Emmanuel Xanthos, and Nikolaos Skoufas formed this secret organization which agitated for Greek Independence. Alexander Ypsilanti was its most prominent leader. ANSWER: Philiki Etaireia or Friendly Society [10] After leaving the Carbonari, Giuseppe Mazzini founded this independence movement while in Marseilles. During the same year, Charles Albert became king of Sardinia. ANSWER: Young Italy or La Giovine Italia [10] Although this nation’s constitution was approved in 1814, the heir to its throne, Christian Frederik, pushed in vain for its independence after the terms of the Treaty of Kiel had allowed the monarch of its neighboring nation to rule it as Carl II. ANSWER: Norway

6. Answer the following about an offshoot of the Abbasids, FTPE. [10] In 868 its namesake, a Turk named Ahmed, founded this short-lived dynasty after being named governor of Egypt and establishing a capital at Al-Qatai. ANSWER: Tulunids [10] The Tulunids were soon replaced by the Ikhshidids, who themselves fell to this Shiite dynasty, which originated in Tunisia and made its capital Cairo after conquering Egypt. Obligatory Muhammad’s daughter clue here. ANSWER: Fatimids [10] This sect, whose members included the Assassins, formed during the Fatimid period as part of a schism with the Mustali Ismailis. Today, this sect’s followers are led by the Aga Khan. ANSWER: Nizari Ismailis

7. Questions on agrarian populism, FTPE. [10] This Minnesota farmer led the coalition of men that organized the Grange movement. He wrote his Origin and Progress of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry while serving as its first secretary. ANSWER: Oliver Hudson Kelley [10] This loose agrarian confederation originated from the Knights of Reliance, an anti-crop lien organization former in Lampasas, Texas. It had developed Southern, Northern, and Colored branches by the time its members merged with the Knights of Labor to form the Populist Party. ANSWER: Farmers’ Alliance [10] Well before going on to run for president under the Farmer-Labor party, this Ohio native made his name by leading an eponymous “army” of unemployed workers in a protest march on Washington D.C. ANSWER: Jacob Coxey

8. For lack of a better bonus idea, name these Roman emperors who died in hilarious fashion. FTPE: [10] One of the four emperors of 69 AD, he was paraded through the streets while a mob pelted him with shit and made fun of his weight. After being tortured by soldiers, he became the only emperor to be killed on the Stairs of Mourning. ANSWER: Aulus Vitellius [10] This son of Septimius Severus and builder of a lavish complex of baths was stabbed in the back by Julius Martialis while pissing at the side of the road. ANSWER: Caracalla or Lucius Septimius Bassianus or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus [10] He co-ruled with his son, Gallienus, until he was captured and enslaved by the Persians. The Persian king Shapur I reportedly used him as a footstool before having him blinded, flayed, and stuffed as a trophy. ANSWER: Publius Licinius Valerianus

9. Its motto is, “Honi soit qui mal y pense.” FTPE: [10] Identify this exalted English fraternity of knights, whose founding, according to tradition, stemmed from a party gaffe involving Joan of Kent. ANSWER: Order of the Garter [10] This French-born historian of the early Hundred Years’ War era provided an account of the founding of the Order of the Garter in the first book of his Chronicles. ANSWER: Jean Froissart [10] The Order of the Garter is often contrasted with this Scottish counterpart, whose origins are traced to James V of Scotland and twelve of his knights and which is named after a spiny flower. ANSWER: Order of the Thistle

10. They gained power after the fall of the Insei regime and gained imperial authority through the ascendancy of Antoku. FTPE: [10] Name this powerful clan, whose major leader was Kiyomori, and who put down a military challenge from their rival clan in the 1159 Heiji Rebellion. ANSWER: Taira (prompt on “Heike”) [10] The rivalry between the Taira and Minamoto clans came to the forefront during this 1156 crisis that broke out when former emperor Sutoku tried to challenge the reigning Go-Shirakawa. ANSWER: Hogen Rebellion [10] Yoshitune, the man who led the Minamoto to a decisive victory over the Taira in the naval battle of Dannoura and ended the Gempei War, was the half-brother of this first man to be named shogun of Japan. ANSWER: Minamoto no Yoritomo

11. Answer these questions about the Revolt of the Comuneros, FTPE. [10] Led by Juan Lopez de Padilla, the rebellion broke out in the cities of this kingdom, until it was crushed at the Battle of Villalar. ANSWER: Castile [10] Padilla initially sought to restore this queen as sole holder of the throne in place of her son, Charles I. Being a fucked up mess that was locked up in Tordesillas, this sister of Catherine of Aragon probably didn’t have a clue what was going on anyway. ANSWER: Juana of Castile or Juana la Loca or Joanna of Castile or Joanna the Mad [10] Juana la Loca went batshit because of the death of this son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. He was her husband and ruled for less than a year as the first Hapsburg king of Spain. ANSWER: Philip I of Spain or Philip the Handsome

12. Answer some questions about a body that ruled for only eight months. FTPE: [10] Identify this oligarchy that Lysander installed in Athens in 404 B.C. ANSWER: Thirty Tyrants [10] This uncle of Plato, who shares his name with the title character of a dialogue, was, along with Theramenes, one of the leading members of the Thirty Tyrants. ANSWER: Critias [10] This Athenian general emerged from exile to lead an army against the Thirty Tyrants, deposing them after capturing Phylae and the Piraeus. ANSWER: Thrasybulus

13. Stuff about Konrad Adenauer, FTPE. [10] Adenauer was arrested after the failure of this Claus von Stauffenberg-led plot to kill Hitler with a briefcase bomb. Though linked to this conspiracy himself, Friedrich Fromm outed its participants. ANSWER: July Plot [10] The most notable foreign policy statement of Adenauer’s chancellorship was this policy of refusal to recognize East Germany or have diplomatic relations with any nation who did so. Named for Adenauer’s foreign minister, it was replaced by Ostpolitik during the chancellorship of Willy Brandt. ANSWER: Hallstein Doctrine [10] This Christian Democrat became chancellor after Adenauer. After Walter Scheel and several members of the Free Democratic Party resigned in protest from this man’s cabinet, he resigned and Kurt Kiesinger was elected in his place. ANSWER: Ludwig Erhard

14. Answer some questions about a speech that pissed some people off. FTPE: [10] Delivered on the Senate floor, this speech criticized the actions of border ruffians and the complicity of Northern Democrats. It also contained a series of scathing insults against Andrew Butler, comparing him to Don Quixote. ANSWER: “The Crime against Kansas” [10] Charles Sumner’s delivery of “The Crime against Kansas” provoked this South Carolina representative to beat the shit out of him with a cane to avenge Butler’s honor. ANSWER: Preston Brooks [10] In the speech’s subsequent sections, Sumner also denounced this pro-slavery Missouri senator and president pro-tempore, who is often erroneously referred to as having been “president for a day” before the inauguration of Zachary Taylor. ANSWER: David Rice Atchison

15. Answer the following about a treaty, FTPE. [10] Spurred on by Lothair’s defeat at the Battle of Fontenoy, it saw the three sons of Louis the Pious make an agreement to divide the territories of the Carolingian Empire between themselves. ANSWER: Treaty of Verdun [10] Louis the German and Charles the Bald decided to throw Lothair a bone by giving his nephew Pepin II dominion over this French kingdom; the catch was that Charles the Bald would have final say over his authority. ANSWER: Aquitaine [10] After Lothair’s death, as well as that of his successor, Lothair II, Charles and Louis negotiated this 870 treaty dividing their late brother’s territories between themselves. ANSWER: Treaty of Mersen

16. Russia liked to get involved in the Orient. FTPE: [10] The first treaty between China and a European nation, this agreement saw Russia cede claims to disputed territory north of the Amur River in exchange for increased access to trade with the Qing Dynasty. ANSWER: Treaty of Nerchinsk [10] The USSR created North Korea by installing this dictator and creator of the Juche philosophy as the first prime minister as of that nation. ANSWER: Kim Il Sung [10] The treaties of Shimoda and St. Petersburg were two early attempts to assign control over this island group. Today, Russian ownership of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and Habomai is still disputed. ANSWER: Kuril Islands

17. The great Buddhist sculptures of Gandhara are most associated with this dynasty. FTPE: [10] Kanishka I was the most prominent leader of this dynasty of Indo-European Yuezhi peoples, who had been driven out of China before settling in Bactria and Northern India in the first century AD. ANSWER: Kushan [10] Emerging out of the chaos that followed the fall of the Kushan Empire in Northern India around 220 AD was this dynasty, whose rulers included Chandra I and Samudra, and during whose rule the poet Kalidasa likely wrote. ANSWER: Gupta [10] Both the later Kushans in Central Asia and the Gupta in India were conquered by these nomadic invaders of mysterious origin. Their popular nickname consists of a colorful prefix added to the name of the barbarians who lost at Chalons. ANSWER: Hephthalites or White Huns (do not accept or prompt on “Huns” alone)

18. Identify these sources that influenced the work of William Shakespeare. FTPE: [10] While in the service of Absalon of Lund, Saxo Grammaticus wrote this chronicle about his people, which contained the story on which Hamlet is based and ended with an account of the rule of Canute IV. ANSWER: Gesta Danorum or Historica Danica or Deeds of the Danes or Story of the Danes or Danish History or History of the Danes (accept any reasonable English answer along those lines) [10] This Cheshire historian authored the Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland that provided the background for Macbeth and numerous history plays. ANSWER: Raphael Holinshed [10] Another key source for Shakespeare’s history plays was this chronicler, who wrote about the War of the Roses in his The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York. ANSWER: Edward Hall 19. Given some battle summaries, name the war in which they took place, FTPE. [10] Francois de Luxembourg beat the Prince of Waldeck and his joint English, Spanish and German force at Fleurus. Admiral de Tourville led the French naval forces, winning at Beachy Head, but getting his ass kicked at La Hogue. ANSWER: War of the League of Augsburg [10] John Ziska and his “wagenburg” techniques triumphed over Sigismund of Bohemia at Sudoner, Nebovid, and Horic while leading the Taborite faction in this series of wars. ANSWER: Hussite Wars [10] A five month siege of Plevna, a shitload of encounters at Shipka Pass, and Mikhail Skobelev’s decisive victory at Senova occurred during this war. ANSWER: Russo-Turkish War

20. Identify the following independent presidential candidates of the late 20th Century, FTPE. [10] Wisconsin Democrat Patrick Lucey was the running mate of this Illinois representative, who had failed to win the Republican nomination. He won almost 7% of the popular vote running as a moderate alternative to Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. ANSWER: John Anderson [10] This eccentric founder of the EDS Corporation played the spoiler role on a ticket with James Stockdale, but had less success running under the Reform Party banner in the next election. ANSWER: Henry Ross Perot [10] This conservative Virginia senator was not on the ballots as an independent presidential candidate in 1960, but he received fifteen electoral votes in Oklahoma, Alabama, and Mississippi. All but one of those electors gave their vice presidential vote to Strom Thurmond; the other vote went to Barry Goldwater. ANSWER: Harry Byrd