Study Guide – Unit Five: The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era

Due Date Assignment Thurs., Oct. 27 1. Read p. 691 – 704 2. Read Arthur Young’s Travel memoirs p. 377 in Perspectives 3. Read Abbé Sieyès’s “What is the Third Estate” on p. 383 in Perspectives 4. Read the Grievance Petitions from Dourdan on p. 386 in Perspectives 5. Read the handout with the petition from the Women of the Third Estate 6. Answer questions 1 – 9 Mon., Oct. 31 1. Read p. 704 – 705 to “The kings and nobles…” 2. Read the Declaration of the Rights of Man on p. 391 in Perspectives 3. Read the Declaration of the Rights of Women on p. 398 in Perspectives 4. Read the address from the Society of the Friends of Blacks on p. 394 in Perspectives 5. Watch these two videos to give you background for the Burke, Wollstonecraft and Paine readings. The links are on the Lesson Units Page. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iv2Fg2cCnEU&feature=related and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k9gCmJiEFk&feature=related – watch up to 3 minutes of the second video, though, of course you can watch the rest of this segment if you’re interested in finding out what happened to Mary Wollstonecraft. 6.Read the handout with the excerpt from Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women and the Petition of the Jews of Paris, Alsace, and Lorraine 7. Read the excerpt from Edmund Burke the excerpt Thomas Paine that begins in Perspectives on p. 404 8. Read the excerpts from William Wordsworth’s The Prelude on p. 409 of Perspectives 8. Use questions 10 – 11 to guide you on the margin notes to take on the readings. 9. Be sure to bring your Perspectives book to class. Tues., Nov. 1 1. Watch Episodes 4, 5 and 6 of Video on French Revolution and answer the video questions 1- 11. The links to the videos are on my website on the Lesson Units Page 2. Read p. 705 – 708 3. Answer questions 12 - 13 Weds., Nov. 2 1. Read p. 708 – 712 2. Watch episodes 7, 8, and 9 of the video on the French Revolution. You can stop episode 9 at 3 min., 25 sec. Finish answering the questions on the video 3. Read the Levée en Masse Edict on p. 393 in Perspectives 4. Read “The Law of Suspects” on p. 396 in Perspectives 5. Read “the Dissolution of Clubs and Popular Societies of Women” on p. 400 in Perspectives 6. Answer questions 14 – 19 7. Be sure to bring Perspectives to class. Thurs., Nov. 3 1. Read p. 712 – 714 2. Read the excerpts from the Code Napoleon on p. 416 in Perspectives 3. Read the historians on women and the Revolution and the Napoleonic Code 4. Answer questions 21 - 24 Mon., Nov. 7 1. Read p. 714 – 720 2. Answer questions 25 – 28 3. Fill out the chart on Liberté, Égalité, and Fraternité. Leave room in Napoleon’s column for any additions you might have from tomorrow’s article. Tues., Nov. 8 1. Read the essay by Robert Alexander on “Napoleon and the French Revolution” 2. Outline the arguments that Alexander makes concerning Napoleon as the “savior of the Revolution” and the evidence he uses to support those arguments 3. Add to the Liberté, Égalité, and Fraternité chart for Napoleon Weds., Nov. 9 1. Read p. 757-759 2. Read the handout on the various leaders at the Congress of Vienna 3. Answer question 29 4. 4. Be prepared for the simulation on the Congress of Vienna. Thurs., Nov. 10 1. Review Charts due 2. Review for the test 3. Check out this short explanation of the results of the Congress of Vienna. http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome01/index.php You can stop after they move on to changes after the Congress of Vienna or watch it if you want a sneak peek of what we’ll be studying later on. Fri., Nov. 11 Meet at the Art Museum on Blue Ridge Road at 9:45 in front of the Box Office. If your mother is coming, she should be sure to get her ticket ahead of time. Please call me if you have a problem, My cell is 208-0214 Mon., Nov. 14 Test

Reading Questions

1. What did liberty and equality mean to people of the eighteenth century? What was the appeal of these ideas to people of the era? Which groups found these ideas appealing and which didn’t? 2. As you skim through the information on the American Revolution, take notes on whatever is new to you about the relationship between the Revolution and European politics. Which nations became involved in the American Revolution and why? What was the Revolution’s impact on Europe? That’s what we’re concerned with, not the information on what happened in the American Revolution, but how it affected Europe. 3. Summarize the information on France’s financial problems in the 1780s and the difficulties of the French government in confronting these debts. 4. What were the three estates in France and what were the concerns of each group? 5. Summarize the debate among historians on the role of the estates in the Revolution. 6. As you read the observations of Arthur Young in his travels through France, make a list of the problems that he observes afflicting the people of France and how did he believe that these problems contributed to the revolution of 1789? 7. As you read the Abbé Sieyès’s essay, the petitions from Dourdan, and the complaints from the “Women of the Third Estate,” add to your list of all the reasons why the rural poor were discontented. Devise a system to organize their complaints. What are the problems they were facing? What are the recommendations that Sieyès and the petition puts forward? 8. Outline the events that took place leading to the calling of the Estates General to the end of this section. A lot is going to happen over the next 25 years, so try to keep the events straight chronologically in your mind. 9. List and take notes on the actions taken by the National Assembly 10. As you read through all the assigned primary documents in parts #2 – 4 and #6 of the assignments, take margin notes on how people are trying to apply the principles of the Revolution and what they’re asking for. What similarities and differences are there between the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the other documents? Think about similarities and contrasts with the Declaration of Independence (on p. 380 in Perspectives, if you need a refresher.) What vision do the people writing these documents have of the new world this revolution has brought about? 11. As you read Burke’s views on the Revolution, take margin notes on his arguments against the French Revolution. Then read Paine and take notes on his arguments in response to Burke. 12. Trace the Events from the beginning of the war to the outbreak of the terror. You should include the following, although, if you’ve written good answers to the video questions for some of these, that is enough, but for some of them, it would be good to combine notes from the book with the video notes : The royal attempt to escape and their recapture, The Declaration of Pillnitz, the new Legislative Assembly, the massacre of the Swiss Guards, September massacres, the Girondists, the Mountain, Robespierre, Danton, trial and execution of Louis XVI, sans-culottes, and the Committee of Public Safety. 13. List the legislative actions taken by the National Convention during the “Second Revolution.” 14. List the measures taken by the Committee of Public Safety during the Terror. 15. As you read the “Levée en Masse Edict” make margin notes on the measures that were taken to mobilize the entire country in fighting France’s enemy. 16. As you read “The Law of Suspects” make margin notes on what this law tells you about the rule of the National Convention during the Terror. 17. As you read “The Dissolution of Clubs…,” take margin notes on the view of women manifested in this document. 18. What led to the Thermidorian reaction? What actions did the National Convention take? 19. What happened during the Directory? 20. As you read through the historians, make margin notes indicating how each historian characterizes the Reign of Terror. What reasons do they give for the Terror? Which ones seem to justify the Terror and what arguments do they make? With which of the historians do you most agree or disagree? Why? 21. How did Napoleon rise to power? 22. Take notes on Napoleon’s domestic policies and how he maintained control. 23. As you read the excerpts on the Code Napoleon, take margin notes of the attitude demonstrated towards women, the family, and marriage. 24. As you read the historians on women and the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Code, summarize in your own words their arguments about how women fared in these two periods. What evidence do they cite? 25. Outline Napoleon’s military and foreign policy. You should be familiar with the following: the Treaty of Amiens, the Battles of Trafalgar and Austerlitz, the actions he took to organize the German Confederation of the Rhine and Prussia, his Grand Empire and the war in Spain. 26. What was the impact of Napoleon’s Grand Empire on the people of Europe? 27. What was the continental system and what was its impact? 28. Outline the events that led to Napoleon’s downfall. 29. What did each of the major powers want to achieve at the Congress of Vienna? What did they get from the final settlement? You may want to put this in a chart format.

Identifications

Classical liberalism The Radical Phase, 1792 - Coup d’état of Brumaire 1794 Métayage system Declaration of Pillnitz The Consulate Corvée Brunswick Manifesto The Napoleonic Era Cahiers de doléances Sans-culottes Legislative corps Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette The Girondists Plebiscites Ancien Regime The Mountain Joseph Fouché Anne Robert Jacques Turgot Jean-Paul Marat Legion of Honor Jacques Necker Georges Danton Napoleonic Code Bourgeoisie Maximilien Robespierre Bank of France First, Second, and Third Estates Georges Danton Continental System The Estates General “Second French Revolution” Lycée Abbé Sieyès National Convention Concordat of 1801 The Liberal Phase, 1789 -1791 September Massacres Pope Pius VII The National Assembly Levée en Masse Peace of Amiens (1802) Tennis Court Oath Constitution of 1793 Treaty of Tilsit (1807) The Bastille Committee of Public Safety Battle of Trafalgar National Guard Reign of Terror Austerlitz Marquis de Lafayette Committee of General Security Confederation of the Rhine The Great Fear Vendeé Duchy of Warsaw Declaration of the Rights of Man Liberté, Égalité Fraternité Peninsular War The Women’s march Law of Maximum Retreat from Moscow The October Days Slave Revolt in Saint- Abdication and exile to Elba Domingue Departements Jacques Hébert and the Waterloo (1815) Hébertistes Assignats Revolutionary Calendar Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) Civil Constitution of the Clergy Cult of the Supreme Being Klemens von Metternich (Austria) Constitution of 1791 Standardization of weights and Robert Castlereagh (Great Britain) measures Flight to Varennes Law of 22 Prairial Charles Talleyrand (France) Jacobins Club Olympe de Gouges Prince von Hardenberg (Prussia) Edmund Burke Declaration of Rights of Alexander I (Russia) Women and the Female Citizen Reflections on the Revolution in Society for Revolutionary Balance of Power France Republican Women Thomas Paine Thermidor and the Louis XVIII Directory, 1795 - 1799 The Rights of Man Thermidorian Reaction Holy Alliance Mary Wollstonecraft Constitution of Year III Quadruple Alliance (Quintuple Alliance) A Vindication of the Rights of Conspiracy of Equals Concert of Europe Women Emigrés The Directory German Confederation

Questions and Themes for Unit Five

o What were the political, social, economic, and intellectual causes of the French Revolution? o What complaints did various social classes have on the eve of the Revolution? Did they achieve their aspirations? How did the Revolution and Napoleonic era impact these groups: the clergy, nobility, bourgeoisie, urban workers, peasants, and women? o To what extent was the French Revolution based on the ideals of the Enlightenment? To what extent did it fulfill the ideals of the early days of the Revolution? o Compare and contrast the goals and actions of the leaders of the National Assembly (1789-91) with those of the National Convention (1792-1795). o Why did the Revolution descend into terror? o What were the consequences of the French Revolution and Napoleon’s empire for the rest of Europe? o How did the French Revolution and Napoleonic era affect the role of women? o How should we evaluate Napoleon’s rule? Was Napoleon an enlightened ruler? o To what extent did Napoleon carry out the ideals of the Revolution? o What were the reasons for Napoleon’s rise to and fall from power? o What were the political and social views that shaped the Congress of Vienna? o How does the Congress of Vienna contrast and compare to the Peace of Westphalia? o To what extent was the balance of power maintained in Europe by 1815?

The Execution of Louis XVI The Parisian Women March to Versailles

Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jacques Louis David