Chapter 3 Review Part 1

Name ______Date______Honors Biology Chapter 3 Review – Part 1 (There’s another part? Is she serious?)

If the statement is TRUE, then write TRUE on the line. If the statement is false, rewrite the underlined word to make the sentence correct. ______1. Proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen. ______2. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. ______3. Saturated fats have one or more double bonds in their fatty acids. ______4. An amino acid has 4 groups surrounding a central carbon: H atom, amino group, carboxyl group, phosphate group. ______5. Carbohydrates have more than twice the energy content of the other nutrients. ______6. Many monomers (building blocks) are put together to make a polymer. ______7. Monosaccharides are the building block of carbohydrates. ______8. Hydrolysis is the process by which macromolecules are formed. ______9. Plants store excess sugars as glycogen. ______10. Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate found in the exoskeleton of shellfish & insects, and in the cell walls of fungi.

For each statement below, decide whether it relates to: Carbohydrates only(C) Lipids only (L) Protein only (P) Carbs & Lipids (C/L) Carbs, Lipids, Proteins (C/L/P)

______1. Formed by the dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acids & 1 glycerol ______2. Used as a source of energy by living organisms. ______3. Organic ______4. The monomer is the amino acid. ______5. May be saturated or unsaturated ______6. Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only ______7. Contain carboxyl groups. ______7. Required for life ______8. Affects levels of cholesterol in the body ______9. Includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, & polysaccharides ______10. Have functions including transport, immune defense, and movement. ______11. Includes steroid hormones. ______12. Requires a specific conformation for proper functioning. ______13. Hydrophobic ______14. Includes enzymes. ______15. Contains 9 cal/gram (more bonds than the other nutrients) Complete the Table Below Type of Lipid Biochemical Description Function Long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group on the end; One of thr all single bonds building blocks of Unsaturated Fatty triglycerides Acid

Monomers: A. ______Triglyceride B. ______

A. ______Main component P______Monomers: B. ______of cell membrane C. ______S______Hormone 4 carbon rings (cholesterol)

Name 2 diseases/ problems associated with the build up of cholesterol in blood vessels: ______List 2 treatments for plaque build-up in the arteries: ______

List 3 natural food sources (not chemical names!) for the following nutrients: Simple Sugar: ______Starch: ______Saturated Fat:______Unsaturated Fat:______Protein:

Complete each statement: 1. Dehydration synthesis between 2 glucose molecules results in the disaccharide, . 2. The hydrolysis of a dipeptide results in 2 ______. 3. ______(write its complete name) is a nucleic acid that is involved in protein synthesis. 4. The ______is the monomer of all nucleic acids. 5. The sugar in DNA is ______, in RNA it’s ______. 6. The variable side chain on a amino acid is called the “___” group. There are ____ different groups, one for each amino acid. 7. A ______is a special covalent bond found on in polypeptides or proteins. 8. The ______on an enzyme is the area in which the chemical reaction occurs. 9. A nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: ______Draw and label one here: