Southern Colonies Student Notes Page

Name ______Date ______Period ______

Winning the War

War in the South

. Thomas Young was only 16 years old when he fought in a battle to capture King’s Mountain in South Carolina. The Patriots captured ______on October 7, 1780 and wiped out one-third of Lord Cornwallis's army in the battle. Scattered fighting had taken place in the South from the start of the Revolution. In February 1776, North Carolina Patriots defeated the Loyalist army at the Battle of ______Bridge. After France entered the war, the British focused their efforts on the ______Colonies. They counted on the support of the Loyalists there. Greatly outnumbered, the patriots suffered many setbacks. In December 1778, the British seized Savannah, Georgia and by 1780, ______, South Carolina.

. In September 1780, Washington received more bad news. ______, one of his best generals had joined the British. Washington put Arnold in charge of the fort at West Point. Arnold secretly planned to turn West Point over to the British. His plan was foiled when his BENEDICT ARNOLD, 1780. (1741-1801). Persuading message was intercepted. Raiding parties are Major John Andre to conceal the plans of West Point in his boot at their meeting on 21 September 1780. organized by Patriots to disrupt the British efforts.

. ______, also known as the “Swamp Fox,” organized strikes against the British in the wilderness. Another daring General fought with British at Cowpens, South Carolina. Morgan Divided his troops into a front line and a rear line and ordered the front line to retreat after firing two volleys. British thought Americans were retreating; charged forward into second rank. Americans won the Battle of ______. General Nathanael Greene was known for his military knowledge second only to Washington. He used knowledge of southern geography; only fought British on ground that put the British at a disadvantage. Greene fought a bloody battle against the British at the Battle of ______. Although Cornwallis drove the Patriots from the battlefield, his forces were badly beaten.

African Americans join the War

. At the start of the Revolution, more than half a million slaves lived in the colonies. At first the Continental Army refused to let African Americans whether free or enslaved, join the army. The British, however, offered ______to any male slave who served the king. As a response, Washington changed his policy and allowed free African Americans to enlist giving the Americans badly needed ______. African Americans mostly served in integrated units, but there were a few segregated units, most notably the ______Regiment. By the end of the war, at least 5,000 African Americans, many of them slaves, had served in the Continental Army and hundreds more in the Continental Navy. At least nine black minutemen saw action at Lexington and Concord. Thousands of black sailors also served on American ships. Others included Caesar Bacon, Cuff Whittemore, Peter Salem, and Salem Poor who all fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Some states in the north tried to end slavery after the war.

MOLLY PITCHER FIRING CANNONS AT THE Woman of the War BATTLE OF MONMOUTH

. Women also helped the struggle for independence. When men went off to war, women took on added work. They ran the family farms and ______. They made weapons, clothing, and soap for the soldiers. They washed clothes, cooked, and cared for the wounded. A few women actually took part in the fighting. Mary Ludwig Hays carried water to her husband and other soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth in 1778. The soldiers called her “Moll of the pitcher” or Molly Pitcher. When her husband was wounded she took his place and fired the cannon. Lydia Darrah served as an American ______. Deborah Sampson actually dressed like a man and fought in several battles.

The Battle of Yorktown . Cornwallis abandons Plan - moves to Virginia with plans to conquer! Washington planned to trap the British ______at Yorktown, near the Chesapeake Bay. Yorktown was a peninsula formed by the ______and ______. Admiral Francois de ______of the French navy cuts off Cornwallis by not allowing any British ships to bring supplies to him. ______joined forces with 7,000 French troops led by General Jean de Rochambeau, and American troops led by Anthony Wayne and ______. Cornwallis could not get any food or supplies. And he could not escape by sea. Cornwallis held out for three weeks before he surrendered his army, on ______. Two days later, the British turned over their weapons over to the Americans. A British Army band played, “The World Turned Upside Down.”

The Treaty of Paris

. In London, however, the defeat shocked the British. “It was all over,” cried the British Prime Minister. The British agreed to peace talks. The talks began in Paris in 1782. Congress sent ______, ______, and ______to work out a treaty. Because Britain was eager to end the war the Americans got most of what they wanted. Under the Treaty of Paris, the British recognized the United States as an independent nation. The borders of America extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the ______. From ______in the North to the border of Florida in the South. On the other part, the Americans agreed to ask state legislatures to pay loyalists for the property lost in the war. In the end, however, most states ignored the loyalist’s claims. On April 15, 1783, Congress ratified, or approved, the ______. It was almost eight years to the day since the first battles of the war that the treaty was approved. American loyalists on their way to Canada following the end of the American Revolution, 1784. The revolution was a long and hard struggle for the Americans.

Washington’s Farewell

 In December 1783, General Washington bid farewell to his officers at Fraunces’ Tavern in New York City. All along Washington’s route home to ______. Crowds cheered the hero of independence.