Centennial Tournament 2011

ROUND 3 Centennial Tournament 2011 ROUND 3: Tossups** 1)A curvy female figure consisting of a column of mathematical symbols is seen in this American’s painting entitled Male and Female. Black marble patterns on top of tones of pink color appear in his work entitled Lavender Mist. Working from his home on Long Island, New York, after World War II, he was the originator of the concept of an “action painting.”For ten points, name this abstract expressionist known for pouring and dripping resin-based paints on flat canvases laid out on the ground resulting in his nickname, "Jack the Dripper."

Answer: Jackson Pollock

2) Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1993, this outfielder played for five different teams in the span of his 21 year baseball career. After helping the Oakland A’s win 3 consecutive World Series titles in the early 1970s, he moved on to play for the Baltimore Orioles for one season. His next stop was with the New York Yankees, where he helped win two consecutive World Series Titles. For 10 points name this baseball player best known for his nickname as “Mr. October” due to his heroics during the post-season, especially while with the Yankees.

ANSWER: Reggie Jackson

3) As Commander of the Third Army, he directed the rescue of American units surrounded by Germans at the French town of Bastogne (“bas-ton-yeh”) during the Battle of the Bulge. He jeopardized his military career by slapping a soldier recovering from battle fatigue during the Sicilian Campaign. As a result, he was punished by Eisenhower and relegated to a decoy on D-Day instead of playing a major part. For ten points, name this American World War II general, played by George C. Scott in the titular movie.

ANSWER: George Patton

4) The land for this project was seized by the USA, violating the Treaty of Fort Laramie between the USA and the Lakota Sioux (“soo”). Known to the Native Americans as Six Grandfathers, Harney Peak offered a better quality of granite than the original site for this project in the Needles. President Coolidge urged equal representation of the political party affiliation of the honored figures. For ten points, name this monument conceived by Guston Borglum in the Black Hills of South Dakota, honoring Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt..

Answer: Mount Rushmore

5) This man’s famous experiment demonstrated a mysterious luminous effect on a nearby sheet coated with barium platinocyanide from a cathode ray tube inserted into a black cardboard box. Objects interposed between the cathode ray and the photographic plate showed a variable transparency, especially when he observed the bones of his wife’s hand and her ring. The rays that he discovered were quickly applied for medical purposes to identify bone fractures. Name this German Physicist who received the first Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of x-rays.

ANSWER: Wilhelm Roentgen (“rent-gen”)

6) He apprenticed under Auguste Rodin, but left after two months. One of this artist’s works was a controversial sculpture of a large phallus. A more well-known work, of which the artist created variations, is of two abstract figures embracing, called The Kiss. Initially not considered a piece of art by U.S. Customs, his sculpture of a thin, elongated piece of polished bronze was imposed a tariff. Name this Romanian sculptor of Princess X and Bird in Space.

ANSWER: Constantin Brancusi (“bran-KOO-see”)

7) . She is the mother of Eileithyia (“Ay-lay-thia”), the goddess of childbirth and midwifery and of Hebe (“hay- bay”), goddess of youth and cupbearer to the gods Along with Hestia and Demeter (“de-MEET-er”), this Greek goddess is one of Zeus’s three sisters. She gave birth on her own to Typhaon (“TIE-fon), the monster, and to Hephaestus (“heh-fay-stus”). For ten points, name this Greek goddess, mother of Ares, symbolized by a peacock, married to Zeus, and with Roman name Juno.

ANSWER: Hera (Juno is wrong, no prompt) 8) The main character of this novel assumes the pseudonym of Monsieur(“miss-yer”) Madeleine (“mad-eh-LEN”) to avoid imprisonment as a repeat offender. This novel takes place throughout a 17 year period, ending in the June Rebellion. The novel is divided into five volumes with the first entitled Fantine (“fan-TEEN”). A police detective named Javert (“ja-VAIR”) kills himself when he has to choose between obeying the law and doing what is moral. For ten points, name this novel in which the protagonist is jailed for 19 years because he steals a loaf of bread, a work about Jean (“jon”) Valjean (“val-jon) written by Victor Hugo..

ANSWER: Les Misérables

9) Jung (“Yoong”) thought that they compensate for one-sided attitudes, while Freud thought that they were a form of unconscious wish fulfillment. The scientific study of this phenomenon is called oneirology (oh-nay-RO- lojee”). In the Book of Genesis, Joseph's ability to decipher them leads to his high position in Egypt. Research into this phenomenon is used to make connections between memory, mental disorder, and the functions of the brain in our subconscious state. Name this phenomenon which was previously thought to occur only during REM sleep.

ANSWER: dream(s)

10) This man went bankrupt when Ferdinand Ward swindled his lifetime savings, but his acclaimed memoir, finished days before he died, brought his family out of bankruptcy. The Black Friday and Whiskey Ring scandals were among several that rocked his two term administration. He led the successful Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh and later led the army of the Potomac, successfully forcing General Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. His nickname was derived from his desire to accept "no terms except unconditional and immediate surrender". For ten points, name this individual featured on the $50 bill, the 18th President of the United States.

ANSWER: Ulysses Simpson Grant

11) In the game, the character is challenged to complete tests in the Aperture Science Enrichment Center and guided by the voice of artificial intelligence computer GLaDOS. This video game was the spiritual successor to the freeware game Narbacular Drop. It was first released as part of a bundle package with Half-Life 2: Episode Two and Team Fortress 2. Name this single-player puzzle-platform video game known for the Weighted Companion Cube and starting the phrase “The cake is a lie,” created by the Valve Corporation.

ANSWER: Portal

12) While searching for a tourist site he could develop, Alexander Campbell discovered this place in 1878 when air rushing out from a sinkhole accidentally blew out his candle. This place boasts impressive structures including “Pluto’s Ghost or Chasm,” “Dream Lake,” and “Saracen’s Tent” amidst the limestone walls and formations. The Great Stalacpipe Organ produces symphonic tones when struck with electronic mallets; this stalactite organ is also the world's largest musical instrument. Located in the Shenandoah Valley, for ten points, name this Virginian cave system, the largest cavern in the Eastern US.

ANSWER: Luray Caverns or Cave System

13) This author wrote a popular book series, whose main character was named after an ornithologist who studied Caribbean birds. After graduating from Eton (“EE-ton”) College and the military academy in Sandhurst, this author worked with Naval Intelligence before building a summer home called Goldeneye in Jamaica. He wrote a children's book for his son Caspar about a flying car. His novels Casino Royale and From Russia with Love were later adapted into films during the 1960s. For 10 points, name this author of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and the James Bond Series.

ANSWER: Ian Fleming

14) He survived previous assassination attempts by a former prostitute turned religious fanatic and by a group of nobles led by Prince Felix Yusupov, although he eventually died from drowning in the Neva River. He is most famous, though, for having supposedly healed the Tsarevich (“ZAR-eh-vich”) Alexei of hemophilia. For ten points, name this advisor to the royal family of Czar (“zar”) Nicholas II, a Russian holy man who was reputed to have “hypnotized” the royal family.

ANSWER: Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin

15) The strength and insolubility of keratin comes from cross-linking between these elements. Thermophilic bacteria utilize this element by oxidation or reduction, since this element is so abundant in hot springs and volcanic regions. Biotin, thiamine, glutathione (“gloo- ta-THIGH-own”), methionine (“meh- THIGH-oh-nin”), and cysteine (“sis- teen”)all incorporate this element in their organic structure. This element is a component of gunpowder and is used in the vulcanization of rubber. This element is called brimstone in the Bible. For ten points, name this bright yellow element with atomic number 16 and atomic weight 32, whose symbol is S.

ANSWER: Sulfur

16) His devotees included Aandal and Chaitanya. Though he was born into a royal family, he grew up in a village as a cowherd playing his flute and cavorting with the cowherd girls, or ‘gopi’. He gives his advice on the battlefield of Kurukshetra while serving as the charioteer for the warrior Arjuna. As depicted in the Bhagavad Gita, name this Hindu deity, the eighth incarnation of Vishnu.

ANSWER: Krishna

17) This artist painted his mother with a farm in the background, while emphasizing the decorative stitching on her dress, the cameo around her neck, and the potted plant she is holding. This artist’s work is entitled Woman with Plants. Other paintings include a Midnight Ride of Paul Revere, Parson Weem’s Fable, and his masterpiece at the Art Institute of Chicago, which features his dentist and his dentist's sister often mistaken as a couple. For 10 points, name this artist who painted a farmer and his daughter standing in front of a farmhouse with a Gothic window, entitled American Gothic.

ANSWER: Grant Wood

18) He reunited with Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum to form the band Velvet Revolver between 2002 and 2008. In a 1992 music video, he plays several guitar solos, one amidst circling helicopters and another while standing on a piano. His music video, November Rain, won an award from MTV for best cinematography. In April 2010, this man released his debut self-titled solo album. For 10 points, name this British American musician famous for being the lead guitarist for Guns N’ Roses.

ANSWER: Slash (accept Saul Hudson)

19) In this play, Katherine of Valois (“val-WAH”) tries to learn English in one scene and awkwardly tries to communicate with the titular character before their marriage. At the end of the play, the king dies young, leaving his infant son in charge in a difficult political time. At the Battle of Hartfleur, the titular character exhorts his troops with “Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more.” Name this final play of Shakepeare’s historical tetralogy which recounts the English victory over the French during the Hundred Years War at the Battle of Agincourt.

ANSWER: Henry V

20) Before his presidency, he was known for his namesake tariff, the highest and most protective in American history. His mandated 50% rise in tariffs was amended by the Wilson-Gorman tariff four years later in 1894. During his presidency, he championed the gold standard, and he annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as a result of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish American War. For ten points, name this president who was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt after his assassination in 1901 in Buffalo, NY, the 25th chief executive.

ANSWER: President William McKinley, Jr.

TIE BREAKERS: 21) This religion’s ten enlightened masters lived between 1469 and 1708, mandating no priestly caste and creating holy scriptures that can be read by anyone in the home or in the Gurdwara, or temple . A famous Gurdwara of this religion is called the Golden Temple in Amritsar. Adherents to this religion carry or wear physical articles of faith such as the kesh (unshorn hair), the dastar(turban), kanga (comb), and kara (steel bracelet), among others. For ten points, name this fifth largest religion in the world, founded by Guru Nanak, whose name derives from the Punjabi word for disciple.

ANSWER: Sikhism

21) This man first rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on the Jay-Z album The Blueprint. He released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004. This musician also runs his own record label called GOOD Music. For 10 points name this Atlanta born rapper famous for his singles “Stronger” and “Heartless” and who is infamous for interrupting Taylor Swift’s award acceptance speech at the 2009 Video Music Movie Awards.

ANSWER: Kanye West BONUSES: Round 3

1. Answer these questions about an ancient religious text. a) Name this large collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring Aryan gods, originating in ancient India. ANSWER: Vedas (accept Rig Veda, although that is specific to the first one) b) The Vedas were composed in this language. ANSWER: Sanskrit c) These philosophic texts, part of the Vedas, are an early source of the Hindu religion. The Bri-hada-ranyaka and Chan- dog-ya are early examples passed down through oral tradition. ANSWER: Upanishads (“oo-PAN-ee-shads”)

2. Answer these questions about African history. a) Name this empire that participated in the trans-Saharan trade, located along the Niger River, with scholarly center at Timbuktu. ANSWER: Mali b) On his pilgrimage to Mecca, this Mali ruler brought with him a huge caravan of subjects and camels carrying gold, eventually building the capital at Timbuktu. ANSWER: Mansa Musa (or Musa I) c) This Islamic scholar traveled to the Mali Empire, as well as other nations, trying to change the syncretic nature of Islam; though unsuccessful, he kept a record of his travels throughout the Muslim world in his Rihla, “the Journey.” ANSWER: Abu Abdullah Ibn Battuta (“ibin ba-TOO-ta”)

3. Answer these questions about a Greek playwright. a)Oedipus (“EH-dip-us) Rex, Oedipus at Colonus (“cah-LONE-us”),and Antigone (“an-TIG-oh-nee”)were written by this 5th century Greek tragedian. ANSWER: Sophocles b) The three aforementioned plays are often referred to by this name, a reference to the geographic area which they concern. ANSWER: Thebes (“theebs”) (accept Theban plays) c) In Antigone, the titular character wants to bury Polyneices, but her sister refuses to help. Who is Antigone's sister? ANSWER: Ismene (“ees-MAY-nee”)

4. Answer these questions about African American history. a) Based in Baltimore, this organization founded in 1909, focuses on the civil rights of African-Americans. ANSWER: NAACP (“N double A C P”) or The National Association For The Advancement Of Colored Peoples b) The NAACP was founded as an outgrowth of the Niagara movement begun in 1905 by this man. ANSWER: W.E.B. Dubois (“due-BOYZ”) c) W.E.B. Dubois founded this oldest magazine advocating civil rights which became the voice of the Harlem Renaissance. ANSWER: The Crisis

5. This French Officer was wrongly accused of treason in 1894. For ten points each: a) This man was wrongly sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil’s Island because of anti-Semitic sentiments in France. ANSWER: Captain Alfred Dreyfus b) This man was the one who actually committed treason by giving secrets to Germany. ANSWER: Ferdinand Esterhazy (“ES-ter-ha-zee”) c) Esterhazy’s acquittal prompted Émile Zola to write this letter which was published in the newspaper L'Aurore in 1898. ANSWER: J’accuse (“ja-kooz”) or I accuse

6. For ten point each, answer these questions about Christianity a) His Ninety-five Theses are often credited with initiating the Protestant Reformation in Europe. ANSWER: Martin Luther b) This Frenchman, influenced by Martin Luther’s publication, embraced the spread of Reformation and established a Protestant community in Switzerland. His magnum opus is Institutes of the Christian Religion. ANSWER: John Calvin (born Jean Cauvin) c) The Roman Catholic Church sought to silence those such as John Calvin by assembling a meeting of 25 sessions between 1545 and 1563 to clearly define church doctrine in this city. ANSWER: (Council of) Trent or Trento

7. Answer these questions about social networking sites for 10 points each: a) Along with Eduardo Saverin and Dustin Moskovitz, he masterminded the formation of Facebook ANSWER: Mark Zuckerberg b) David Karp founded this site in 2007,which now has a blog by President Obama. ANSWER: Tumblr (“tumbler”) c)Working with Biz Stone and Evan Williams, he founded Twitter in 2006 for messages up to 140 characters. ANSWER: Jack Dorsey

8. Answer these questions about marches. a) This composer composed Stars and Stripes Forever and Semper Fidelis, the official march of the US Marine Corps. ANSWER: John Philip Sousa b) This march composed by Sir Edward William Elgar is now typically known for being played at graduation ceremonies. ANSWER: Pomp and Circumstance c) This march by Charles Gounod was used as the theme song for the Alfred Hitchcock television anthology in the 1950s and 1960s. ANSWER: Funeral March of a Marionette

9. For ten points each, name the director related to the following films and television series. a) He convinced Arnold Schwarzenegger to play the The Terminator. He used a Mexican studio to film Titanic, and brought 3D special effects to a new level in Avatar. ANSWER: James Cameron b) One of his earlier blockbusters was Jaws, but he is also known for his World War II movies Schindler's List and Saving Private Ryan. ANSWER: Steven Spielberg (“speel-berg”) c) He won the Academy Award for Best Picture with Annie Hall, but more recently was acclaimed for his Midnight in Paris ANSWER: Woody Allen

10. Answer these questions about Chinese history. a) Liu Bang, also known as Emperor Gao, was the first ruler of this second imperial dynasty, which gives its name to the Chinese characters and the largest ethnic group. ANSWER: Han dynasty b)Name this self-proclaimed first emperor of China who reigned 14 years. ANSWER: Qin (“chin”)Shi Huang or Qin Shi Huangdi ( real name Ying Zheng)) c) Name this “martial emperor” of the Han Dynasty who ruled from 141 to 87 B.C.E. implementing a policy of imperial expansion. ANSWER: Emperor Wu or Han Wudi

11. Name these economists based on their books and theories for 10 points each: a) This economist believed in the “invisible hand” theory and wrote The Wealth of Nations. ANSWER: Adam Smith b) This economist developed the labor theory of value and wrote Das Kapital. ANSWER: Karl Marx c) This economist wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. ANSWER: John Maynard Keynes (“keens”)

12. Answer these questions related to the Constitution. a) This constitutional crime occurs when levying war against the country or when giving aid and comfort to the enemy and requires “the testimony of two witnesses to the same act, or on confession in open court” for a conviction. ANSWER: Treason b) According to the Constitution, this person shall preside over the Senate if the President is tried for Impeachment. ANSWER: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court c) For the purposes of apportioning representation and taxes by population, slaves were counted in what proportion to free citizens. ANSWER: three fifths or 3/5 or 60%

13. Answer these questions about an early 19th century literary work. a) This novel about an overreaching scientist, subtitled The Modern Prometheus (pro-MEE-thee-us), was written by Mary Shelley. ANSWER: Frankenstein b) In the novel, this character, Victor Frankenstein’s loyal friend, nurses him back to health in Ingolstadt. ANSWER: Henry Clerval (accept first name, last name, or both) c) Mary Shelley was the daughter of this author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman written in 1792. ANSWER: Mary Wollstonecraft

14. Answer these questions about an American city. a) This largest city in California is currently governed by Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa. ANSWER: Los Angeles b) This Los Angeles Museum contains thousands of fossils from the Pleistocene Epoch including mammoths and sabre toothed cats, dredged from its tar pits.. ANSWER: George C. Page Rancho La Brea Tar Pit Museum c) Many films premiered in this Hollywood theatre and landmark, noted for the concrete paving blocks outside the entrance, bearing the hand or footprints of many famous performers. ANSWER: Grauman's Chinese Theater

15. For ten points, answer these questions about 20th century art: a)This movement was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, with works such as Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (a-VEE-nyon) and The Three Musicians. ANSWER: Cubism b) This futurist Cubist painting, which depicts the motion of a woman performing the titular action by superimposing successive images, received negative responses when displayed at the 1913 Armory Show. ANSWER: Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 c)Name this French artist who painted Nude Descending a Staircase, L.H.O.O.Q. (pronounced el-osh-o-o-coo), and Fountain. ANSWER: Marcel Duchamp (“doo-shawn”)

16. Answer these questions about physics and astronomy. a) Name this property that describes an object’s resistance to changes in velocity that was described by Newton’s first law of motion. ANSWER: Inertia b) This American astronomer not only confirmed the existence of other galaxies but also determined that the red shift from those galaxies increased proportional to their distance. ANSWER: Edwin Hubble c) This force is responsible for the increasing acceleration of the Universe, surpassing the force of the original Big Bang. ANSWER: Dark Energy or Force (Dark Matter is wrong)

17. Name these rivers for ten points each. a) This river, the second longest in Europe, flows through four capital cities: Vienna, Belgrade, Budapest, and Bratislava. ANSWER: Danube River b) This river, the longest in Italy, flows through the Italian cities of Turin and Ferrara before emptying into the Adriatic Sea. ANSWER: Po River c) This American river, the longest tributary of the Columbia River, flows through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming, with headwaters at Yellowstone National Park. ANSWER: Snake River

18. This space shuttle suffered a failure on January 28, 1986. For 10 points each: a) Name this shuttle, whose O-rings on the solid-fuel rocket booster failed to seal, causing the deaths of seven crew members. ANSWER: Space Shuttle Challenger b)This physicist, part of the Rogers Commission which investigated the Challenger disaster, received a Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on quantum electrodynamics. ANSWER: Richard Feynman (“fine-man”) c) In Feynman diagrams, which show particle interactions, a wavy line represents these elementary particles, the quantum of electromagnetic interaction. ANSWER: photon(s)

19. Answer these questions about Impressionism a) This French artist, one of the leaders of the impressionist movement, was famous for paintings of ballet dancers and racehorses in motion and became blind near the end of his life. ANSWER: Edgar Degas (“deh-GAH”) b) This diminutive artist is known for his scenes of the Folies-Bergère (“FALL-ee bare-jare”) and Moulin Rouge (“MOO-lan rooj”). Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (“too-LOOZ low-TREK”) c) She depicts the back of a man at the oars of a boat facing a woman in a long dress and plumed hat in The Boating Party ANSWER: Mary Cassatt

20. Answer these questions about Biblical works for ten points each: a) This fifth book of the Torah includes sermons and speeches by Moses about the laws and also includes the Shema (“shma”). ANSWER: The book of Deuteronomy (“doo-ter-ON-oh-mee”) (accept Devarim) b) This Moabite woman accompanies Naomi back to Bethlehem and marries Boaz ANSWER: Ruth c) The stories of the Prodigal Son and the Good Samaritan are found in this gospel. ANSWER: Gospel of Luke

EXTRA 21. Answer these questions about primate zoologists: a) She studied chimpanzees at Gombe Stream and wrote her seminal work In the Shadow of Man. ANSWER: Jane Goodall b) Goodall’s research station at Gombe is located in this country with administrative capital at Dodoma (“DOE-doe-ma”) and largest city at Dar es Salaam. ANSWER: Tanzania (tan-za-NEE-ah”) c) This American gorilla researcher was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and celebrated in the biography Woman in the Mists. ANSWER: Dian Fossey