A. Behavior and Mental Processes. B. Ghosts and Telepathy. C. Mesmerism and Mind Control

1. Nathan has decided to major in psychology in college. He will most likely study

A. behavior and mental processes.

B. ghosts and telepathy.

C. mesmerism and mind control.

D. disorders and therapy. 2. Psychologists have found that when schizophrenics hallucinate and hear or see things that aren't there, there is activity in the brain regions that normally process sights and sounds. The psychologists who made this discovery are from which subfield of psychology?

A. Clinical

B. Biological

C. Developmental

D. Personality 3. The study of how information is processed in the brain is part of the domain of which subfield of psychology?

A. Cognitive psychology

B. Developmental psychology

C. Personality psychology

D. School psychology

4. A clinical psychologist is most likely to

A. help heart patients adjust their habits to prevent a second heart attack.

B. do research on prejudice.

C. help a person to overcome a phobia.

D. make recommendations for improving worker productivity. 5. Dr. Wallace studies elementary school children. He is interested in the children's play habits, friendships, and ability to communicate. He is especially interested in how the behavior of one child will affect a group of children and how a group will affect an individual child. What type of psychologist is Dr. Wallace?

A. Clinical

B. Social

C. Community

D. Personality 6. In 1879, the first psychological research laboratory was set up by

A. Charles Darwin.

B. Edward Titchener. C. Max Wertheimer.

D. Wilhelm Wundt. 7. John Watson once stated that if he could control the environment of a child from birth, he could make that child into whatever he wanted. His position that each of us is born a blank slate and that we are the product of our experiences is most consistent with what philosophical school?

A. Structuralism

B. Functionalism

C. Empiricism

D. Humanism 8. Jamie knows that chocolate chip cookies are made from chocolate chips, flour, sugar, butter, and vanilla. Not wanting to cook, Jamie puts some chocolate chips, flour, sugar, butter, and vanilla in his mouth. He is quite surprised that the ingredients do not taste like a chocolate chip cookie. Jamie's experience that the whole is more than the sum of its parts is most consistent with what school of psychology?

A. Functionalist

B. Structuralist

C. Gestalt

D. Psychoanalytic 9. William James and the functionalists were primarily interested in studying

A. the elements of consciousness and their role in helping people adapt to their environment.

B. unconscious mental forces and their contribution to mental disorders.

C. sensory and perceptual abilities and limits.

D. the whole of consciousness as opposed to its parts

10. How did William James' study of consciousness differ from Wilhelm Wundt's?

A. Wundt studied animals as well as humans; James limited his studies to humans.

B. Wundt studied how the mind adapts to the environment; James studied the structure of consciousness.

C. Wundt studied the separate elements of consciousness; James studied the whole stream of consciousness.

D. Wundt used naturalistic observation; James used introspection. 11. Sigmund Freud asserted that all mental disorders could be traced to

A. biological factors.

B. conscious thought.

C. learning experiences.

D. unconscious mental forces. 12. John Watson believed that psychology should limit itself to the study of

A. emotions.

B. human consciousness.

C. observable behavior.

D. unconsciousness mental processes. 13. In its short history, psychology has evolved from being the science of ______in its inception, to being the science of ______in the present.

A. behavior; mental processes

B. mental processes; behavior

C. behavior; behavior and mental processes

D. mental processes; behavior and mental processes 14. Dr. Johnson, who takes the evolutionary approach to psychology, would most likely explain human behavior in terms of

A. biological processes.

B. learning experiences.

C. natural selection.

D. unconscious mental forces.

15. Dr. Esparza believes that all behavior-both abnormal and normal-is learned. She is not interested in the person's mind; she studies only what is observable and measurable. Dr. Esparza takes what approach to psychology?

A. Behavioral

B. Psychodynamic

C. Humanistic

D. Biological 16. Professor Kean is conducting a study that explores the steps that people take in solving different types of problems. What approach to psychology does Professor Kean probably take?

A. Cognitive

B. Evolutionary C. Humanistic

D. Psychodynamic 17. According to the humanistic approach, mental disorders are caused by

A. chemical imbalances.

B. distorted views of the world.

C. the rewards and punishments that a person received in the past.

D. unconscious inner conflicts. 18. Lee is growing up in a collectivist culture, whereas Andy is growing up in an individualist culture. Lee is more likely than Andy to experience a

A. fear of social rejection.

B. need to be self-reliant.

C. need to compete with others.

D. sense of loneliness. 19. The Global computer company is looking to hire a psychologist to advise their designers about what features to include in the new laptop that they are developing that would make it user-friendly. What kind of a psychologist are they seeking?

A. A cognitive psychologist

B. A developmental psychologist

C. A counseling psychologist

D. An environmental psychologist 20. One of the findings of Dr. Peabody's study of school bullies is that most of them appear to be impulsive kids with an inferiority complex. Dr. Peabody is most likely what type of psychologist?

A. Educational

B. Environmental

C. Personality

D. School 21. For the past five weeks, Caroline, a junior-high school teacher, has been having trouble getting up in the morning to go to work. She has also lost her appetite and is feeling very low. Her physician has suggested that she might be depressed and needs to seek the help of a psychologist. What type of psychologist should Caroline see?

A. A personality psychologist

B. A clinical psychologist

C. An educational psychologist

D. A school psychologist

22. As a social psychologist, Dr. Andrews would be most likely to do research in which of the following topics?

A. Information processing

B. Language development

C. The "Big-Five" model

D. The causes of prejudice 23. The Acme Corporation has recently hired Dr. Johnson, an industrial/organizational psychologist. It is most likely that Dr. Johnson will engage in which of the following?

A. Improving the selection criteria by which employees are hired

B. Looking at how patterns of brain activity differ for men and women working on the assembly line

C. Offering therapy to emotionally troubled employees

D. Studying interracial relations in the workplace

24. Rodney, an up-and-coming young tennis star is most apt to consult a sports psychologist in order to seek advice on

A. which tennis racket would be the best for him.

B. treating his obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C. reducing his anxiety during a game.

D. which product endorsements would be beneficial for his image. 25. The defense lawyers hired a psychologist to advise them on what type of juror would be most likely to vote for acquittal, what outfit their client should wear at the trial, and what eyewitness testimony would be most effectively received. The psychologist they hired most likely came from which subfield?

A. Cognitive

B. Forensic

C. Personality

D. Social

26. Before starting to build the "Good Start Preschool Center," its planners consulted with Dr. Bradley on such topics as the best floor- plan, lighting, building materials, and paint colors for maximizing learning and social interaction and minimizing stress. Dr. Bradley is most probably which type of psychologist?

A. Clinical

B. Environmental

C. Quantitative

D. School

27. John Watson's notion that a baby can be molded into a lawyer, doctor, baker, salesman, or thief is most consistent with the philosophical view of A. empiricists.

B. functionalists.

C. Gestalt psychologists.

D. psychodynamic psychologists. 28. The whole of conscious experience is to gestalt, as the basic elements of consciousness are to

A. behaviorism.

B. empiricism.

C. functionalism.

D. structuralism

29. Dr. Crane studies how the thickness of the beaks of one species of birds has undergone changes in response to drought and other environmental factors over a long period of time. Which psychological approach does Dr. Crane take?

A. Behavioral

B. Biological

C. Evolutionary

D. Humanistic 30. In her therapeutic practice, Dr. Dellinger takes the psychodynamic approach. Accordingly, when her patient complains that she is afraid to leave her house, the doctor might offer which of the following explanations?

A. "This desire to stay close to home is perfectly understandable because, in the distant past, the outside environment was fraught with dangers. Those who stayed home were more likely to survive."

B. "There is an unconscious part of you that wants to act in a way that you know is wrong. You are afraid that if you go outside, you will behave in a shameful manner."

C. "In the past, you must have had positive experiences at home and negative experiences on the outside. Your learning history is at the root of the problem."

D. "You have chosen to view the outside world as a dangerous place. That is why you are afraid to leave your home. You need to choose a new perspective if you want to get better."

31. "All your problems can be traced to what you have learned to expect from the men that you've dated in the past," said Dr. Stein to his patient. "Because you have been treated poorly, the whole arena of dating now brings up negative associations and is anxiety- provoking." Which psychological approach does Dr. Stein appear to take?

A. The behavioral approach

B. The biological approach

C. The humanist approach

D. The psychodynamic approach