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ALCOHOL 2010 <79> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010233606 Authors Panhuysen C.I. Kranzler H.R. Yu Y. Weiss R.D. Brady K. Poling J. Farrer L.A. Gelernter J. Institution (Panhuysen, Yu, Farrer) Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States. (Panhuysen, Farrer) Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States. (Kranzler) Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States. (Weiss) Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States. (Weiss) Department of Psychiatry, University of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. (Brady, Gelernter) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States. (Poling) Department of Psychiatry, VA CT Healthcare Center, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, United States. (Farrer) Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States. (Farrer) Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States. (Farrer) Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Health, Boston, MA, United States. (Gelernter) Departments of Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Confirmation and Generalization of an Alcohol-Dependence Locus on Chromosome 10q. Source Neuropsychopharmacology. 35(6)(pp 1325-1332), 2010. Date of Publication: May 2010. Publisher Nature Publishing Group Abstract Several genome scans on alcohol dependence (AD) and AD-related traits have been published. In this article, we present the results of a genome-wide linkage scan on AD and several related traits in 322 European-American (EA) families, and results of additional analysis in 335 African-American (AA) families that were the subject of a previous report. All families were initially ascertained for cocaine and/or opioid dependence. Non-parametric linkage analysis in the EA sample revealed suggestive linkages on chromosomes 7 (LOD2.1 at 82.8 cM, p0.0009) and 10 (LOD3.0 at 137.7 cM, p0.0001). The chromosome 10 linkage peak is 20 cM distal from a genome-wide significant linkage peak we observed previously in the AA sample. Parametric linkage analysis on chromosome 10 (assuming a recessive model, 80% penetrance, disease allele frequency0.3) resulted in LOD scores of 2.7 at 136.7 cM and 1.9 at 121.7 cM in the EA and AA samples, respectively, with a combined sample genome-wide significant LOD score of 4.1 at 131.7 cM. To reduce heterogeneity of the AD phenotype, we also assessed linkage of chromosome 10 markers with the presence of alcohol withdrawal symptoms, one of the seven components of the DSM-IV diagnosis of AD. Suggestive evidence for linkage was observed in both populations with only 5 cM separating the location of the peak LOD scores despite a loss of power due to a smaller number of families informative for this trait. Results of our study confirm a chromosome 10 risk locus for AD in two genetically distinct populations and suggest that this locus may correspond more precisely to a specific component of the disorder. copyright 2010 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved. ISSN 0893-133X Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology Volume 35 Issue Part 6 Page 1325-1332 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication May 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <127> Database EMBASE Accession Number 0020078486 Authors Wiers R.W. Rinck M. Kordts R. Houben K. Strack F. Institution (Wiers) University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers. Source Addiction (Abingdon, England). 105(2)(pp 279-287), 2010. Date of Publication: Feb 2010. Abstract AIMS: The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol can be modified, and whether this affects drinking behaviour. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly to a condition in which they were implicitly trained to avoid or to approach alcohol, using a training variety of the alcohol Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants pushed or pulled a joystick in response to picture-format (landscape or portrait). The pictures depicted alcoholic or non- alcoholic drinks. Participants in the avoid-alcohol condition pushed most alcoholic and pulled most non-alcoholic drinks. For participants in the approach-alcohol condition these contingencies were reversed. After the implicit training, participants performed a taste test, including beers and soft drinks. Automatic action tendencies at post-test were assessed with the AAT, including both trained and untrained pictures, and with a different test (Implicit Association Test, IAT). We further tested effects on subjective craving. RESULTS: Action tendencies for alcohol changed in accordance with training condition, with the largest effects in the clinically relevant avoid-alcohol condition. These effects occurred outside subjective awareness and generalized to new pictures in the AAT and to an entirely different test using words, rather than pictures (IAT). In relatively heavy drinking participants who demonstrated changed action tendencies in accordance with their training condition, effects were found on drinking behaviour, with participants in the approach- alcohol condition drinking more alcohol than participants in the avoid-alcohol condition. No effect was found on subjective craving. CONCLUSIONS: Retraining automatic processes may help to regain control over addictive impulses, which points to new treatment possibilities. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction (Abingdon, England) Volume 105 Issue Part 2 Page 279-287 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication Feb 2010

ALCOHOL <539> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20015515 Status In-Process Authors Vinod KY. Kassir SA. Hungund BL. Cooper TB. Mann JJ. Arango V. Authors Full Name Vinod, K Yaragudri. Kassir, Suham A. Hungund, Basalingappa L. Cooper, Thomas B. Mann, J John. Arango, Victoria. Institution Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA. [email protected] Title Selective alterations of the CB1 receptors and the fatty acid amide hydrolase in the ventral striatum of alcoholics and suicides. Source Journal of Psychiatric Research. 44(9):591-7, 2010 Jul. Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric Research Other ID Source: NLM. NIHMS165844 [Available on 07/01/11] Source: NLM. PMC2878847 [Available on 07/01/11] Country of Publication England Abstract Recent studies in rodents have suggested a role for the central endocannabinoid system in the regulation of mood and alcohol related behaviors. Alcohol use disorder is often associated with suicidal behavior. In the present study, we examined whether abnormalities in the endocannabinoid system in the ventral striatum are associated with alcohol dependence and suicide. The levels of CB1 receptors, receptor-mediated G-protein signaling, and activity and level of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were analyzed postmortem in the ventral striatum of alcohol-dependent nonsuicides (CA, n=9), alcohol-dependent suicides (AS, n=9) and nonpsychiatric controls (C, n=9). All subjects underwent a psychological autopsy, and toxicological and neuropathological examinations. The levels of the CB1 receptors and the CB1 receptor-mediated G-protein signaling were significantly lower in the ventral striatum of CA compared to the control group. However, these parameters were elevated in AS when compared to CA group. The activity of FAAH enzyme was lower in CA compared to the control group while it was found to be significantly higher in AS compared with CA group. These findings suggest that alcohol dependence is associated with the downregulation of the CB1 receptors, while suicide is linked to the upregulation of these receptors in the ventral striatum. Alteration in the activity of FAAH enzyme that regulates the anandamide (AEA) content might in turn explain differences in the CB1 receptor function in alcohol dependence and suicide. These findings may have etiological and therapeutic implications for the treatment of alcohol addiction and suicidal behavior. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural. Date of Publication 2010 Jul Year of Publication 2010 Issue/Part 9 Volume 44 Page 591-7

ALCOHOL <555> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 20441859 Status In-Process Authors Asbridge M. Payne E. Cartwright J. Mann R. Authors Full Name Asbridge, Mark. Payne, Elspeth. Cartwright, Jennifer. Mann, Robert. Institution Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. [email protected] Title Driving under the influence of alcohol: examining ethno-specific rates and the mediating effects of psychological distress and harmful and problematic drinking. Source Accident Analysis & Prevention. 42(4):1408-15, 2010 Jul. Journal Name Accident Analysis & Prevention Country of Publication England Abstract This paper examines ethnic disparities in rates of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) in a representative sample of Ontario adults. Data were drawn from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor, a survey of 8276 Ontario adults aged 18 and older. We considered 19 distinct ethnic groups based on participants' self-identification of ethno-cultural heritage. Differences in the prevalence of DUIA across ethnic groups were limited. Relative to other ethnic groups, those adults who identified as Irish had a significantly higher rate of DUIA, while those of Italian and Chinese ethnicity had significantly lower rates of DUIA. The mediating effects of psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire) and harmful and problematic drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] consumption, dependence and problems) on the direct relationship between ethnic identity and impaired driving were also considered. Mediation was observed as remaining ethnic differences in DUIA disappeared when AUDIT subscales were introduced. These findings are interpreted in the context of patterns of alcohol consumption among ethnic populations and their impact on DUIA. Implications of study findings are considered with respect to the role of ethnicity in impaired driving research and its impact on programs and policies directed at reducing impaired driving. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Publication Type Journal Article. Date of Publication 2010 Jul Year of Publication 2010 Issue/Part 4 Volume 42 Page 1408-15

ALCOHOL 2010 <733> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009650554 Authors Mishra B.R. Nizamie S.H. Das B. Praharaj S.K. Institution (Mishra, Nizamie, Das, Praharaj) Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, (Nizamie) Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834006, India. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: A sham-controlled study. Source Addiction. 105(1)(pp 49-55), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Objective To study the anticraving efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients with alcohol dependence. Methods We performed a prospective, single-blind, sham-controlled study involving 45 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (according to ICD-10 DCR), with Clinical Institute of Withdrawal Assessment in Alcohol Withdrawal (CIWA-Ar) scores [less- than or equal to]10. Patients were allocated to active and sham rTMS in a 2 : 1 ratio, such that 30 patients received active and 15 patients sham rTMS to the right DLPFC (10 Hz frequency, 4.9 seconds per train, inter-train interval of 30 seconds, 20 trains per session, total 10 sessions). The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire (ACQ-NOW) was administered to measure the severity of alcohol craving at baseline, after the last rTMS session and after 1 month of the last rTMS session. Results Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant reduction in the post-rTMS ACQ-NOW total score and factor scores in the group allocated active rTMS compared to the sham stimulation. The effect size for treatment with time interaction was moderate (eta2 = 0.401). Conclusions Right dorsolateral pre-frontal high-frequency rTMS was found to have significant anticraving effects in alcohol dependence. The results highlight the potential of rTMS which, combined with other anticraving drugs, can act as an effective strategy in reducing craving and subsequent relapse in alcohol dependence. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 105 Issue Part 1 Page 49-55 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <739> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009650545 Authors Field C.A. Caetano R. Harris T.R. Frankowski R. Roudsari B. Institution (Field) Center for Social Work Research, School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1717 West 6th Street, Austin, TX 78703, United States. (Field) Trauma Department, Center at Brackenridge, University Medical, Brackenridge, Austin TX, United States. (Caetano, Harris, Frankowski, Roudsari) University of Texas, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Ethnic differences in drinking outcomes following a brief alcohol intervention in the trauma care setting. Source Addiction. 105(1)(pp 62-73), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background Evidence suggests that brief interventions in the trauma care setting reduce drinking, subsequent injury and driving under the influence (DUI) arrest. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in ethnic minority groups is lacking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of brief intervention among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States. Methods We conducted a two-group parallel randomized trial comparing brief motivational intervention (BMI) and treatment as usual with assessment (TAU+) to evaluate treatment differences in drinking patterns by ethnicity. Patients were recruited from a level 1 urban trauma center over a 2-year period. The study included 1493 trauma patients, including 668 whites, 288 blacks and 537 Hispanics. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate ethnic differences in drinking outcomes including volume per week, maximum amount consumed in 1 day, percentage days abstinent and percentage days heavy drinking at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Analyses controlled for age, gender, employment status, marital status, prior alcohol treatment, type of injury and injury severity. Special emphasis was given to potential ethnic differences by testing the interaction between ethnicity and BMI. Results At 6- and 12-month follow-up, BMI significantly reduced maximum amount consumed in 1 day (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively) and percentage days heavy drinking (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively) among Hispanics. Hispanics in the BMI group also reduced average volume per week at 12-month follow-up (chi2 = 6.8, df = 1, P < 0.01). In addition, Hispanics in TAU+ reduced maximum amount consumed at 6- and 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) and volume per week at 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Whites and blacks in both BMI and TAU+ reduced volume per week and percentage days heavy drinking at 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001; P < 0.01, respectively) and decreased maximum amount at 6- (P < 0.001) and 12- month follow-up (P < 0.001). All three ethnic groups In both BMI and TAU+ reduced volume per week at 6-month follow-up (P < 0.001) and percentage days abstinent at 6- (P < 0.001) and 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Conclusions All three ethnic groups evidenced reductions in drinking at 6- and 12-month follow-up independent of treatment assignment. Among Hispanics, BMI reduced alcohol intake significantly as measured by average volume per week, percentage days heavy drinking and maximum amount consumed in 1 day. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. No claim to original US government works. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 105 Issue Part 1 Page 62-73 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <741> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009650543 Authors Constant A. Lafont S. Chiron M. Zins M. Lagarde E. Messiah A. Institution (Constant, Lagarde, Messiah) INSERM U897-IFR99, Equipe Avenir Prevention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes, ISPED, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. (Lafont, Chiron) INRETS, UMRESTTE, Universite de Lyon 1, Bron, France. (Zins) INSERM, U687-IFR69, Saint-Maurice, France. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Failure to reduce drinking and driving in France: A 6-year prospective study in the GAZEL cohort. Source Addiction. 105(1)(pp 57-61), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Aim An unprecedented decline in alcohol consumption and road mortality has been observed recently in France, but it is still unclear whether or not these changes affected driving while alcohol-intoxicated (DWI). The objective of the study was to estimate prospectively trends of excessive speed on the roads, alcohol consumption and DWI between 2001 and 2007 in a large cohort of experienced drivers. Methods Participants were current employees or recent retirees of the French national electricity and gas company, who volunteered to participate in a research cohort established in 1989 under strict conditions of anonymity. An annual cohort questionnaire is sent to participants that includes two questions about overall alcohol consumption. In 2001 and 2007, 10 684 participants reported their driving behaviours using the same self-administered questionnaire. Results Between 2001 and 2007, the proportion of participants (n = 10 684) who reported having driven at speeds at least 20 km/hour above the limit decreased from 23.7% to 4.1% in built-up areas (P < 0.001), from 34.3% to 9.3% on rural roads (P < 0.001) and from 24.3% to 2.7% on highways (P < 0.001). Regular and non-regular excessive alcohol consumption decreased from 22.7% to 19.7% and from 18.0% to 14.9%, respectively, whereas DWI increased from 22.9% to 25.3% over the same period (P < 0.001). Conclusions A recent crackdown on road violations by the French government has failed to deter DWI. Given that DWI seems to be a sporadic and rarely punished behaviour, its prevention requires more coercive measures, such as using a breath alcohol ignition interlock device. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 105 Issue Part 1 Page 57-61 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <745> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009650537 Authors Bakke O. Endal D. Institution (Bakke, Endal) Oystein Bakke, FORUT, Torggt. 1, 0181 Oslo, Norway. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Vested Interests in Addiction Research and Policy Alcohol policies out of context: Drinks industry supplanting government role in alcohol policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Source Addiction. 105(1)(pp 22-28), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background In this paper, we describe an analysis of alcohol policy initiatives sponsored by alcohol producer SABMiller and the International Center on Alcohol Policies, an alcohol industry-funded organization. In a number of sub-Saharan countries these bodies have promoted a 'partnership' role with governments to design national alcohol policies. Methodology A comparison was conducted of four draft National Alcohol Policy documents from Lesotho, Malawi, Uganda and Botswana using case study methods. Findings The comparison indicated that the four drafts are almost identical in wording and structure and that they are likely to originate from the same source. Conclusions The processes and the draft policy documents reviewed provide insights into the methods, as well as the strategic and political objectives of the multi-national drinks industry. This initiative reflects the industry's preferred version of a national alcohol policy. The industry policy vision ignores, or chooses selectively from, the international evidence base on alcohol prevention developed by independent alcohol researchers and disregards or minimizes a public health approach to alcohol problems. The policies reviewed maintain a narrow focus on the economic benefits from the trade in alcohol. In terms of alcohol problems (and their remediation) the documents focus upon individual drinkers, ignoring effective environmental interventions. The proposed policies serve the industry's interests at the expense of public health by attempting to enshrine 'active participation of all levels of the beverage alcohol industry as a key partner in the policy formulation and implementation process'. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 105 Issue Part 1 Page 22-28 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <749> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009640177 Authors Wurst F.M. Thon N. Aradottir S. Hartmann S. Wiesbeck G.A. Lesch O. Skala K. Wolfersdorf M. Weinmann W. Alling C. Institution (Wurst, Thon) Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. (Aradottir, Alling) Department of Medical Neurochemistry, Lund, Sweden. (Hartmann, Wiesbeck) Psychiatric University Clinic Basel, Switzerland. (Lesch, Skala) Psychiatric University Clinic, Vienna, Austria. (Wolfersdorf) State Mental Hospital Bayreuth, Germany. (Weinmann) Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Phosphatidylethanol: Normalization during detoxification, gender aspects and correlation with other biomarkers and self-reports. Source Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 88-95), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct ethanol metabolite, and has recently attracted attention as biomarker of ethanol intake. The aims of the current study are: (1) to characterize the normalization time of PEth in larger samples than previously conducted; (2) to elucidate potential gender differences; and (3) to report the correlation of PEth with other biomarkers and self-reported alcohol consumption. Fifty-seven alcohol-dependent patients (ICD 10 F 10.25; 9 females, 48 males) entering medical detoxification at three study sites were enrolled. The study sample was comprised of 48 males and 9 females, with mean age 43.5. Mean gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was 209.61 U/l, average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 97.35 fl, mean carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT) was 8.68, and mean total ethanol intake in the last 7 days was 1653 g. PEth was measured in heparinized whole blood with a high-pressure liquid chromatography method, while GGT, MCV and %CDT were measured using routine methods. PEth levels at day 1 of detoxification ranged between 0.63 and 26.95 mumol/l (6.22 mean, 4.70 median, SD 4.97). There were no false negatives at day 1. Sensitivities for the other biomarkers were 40.4% for MCV, 73.1% for GGT and 69.2% for %CDT, respectively. No gender differences were found for PEth levels at any time point. Our data suggest that PEth is (1) a suitable intermediate term marker of ethanol intake in both sexes; and (2) sensitivity is extraordinary high in alcohol dependent patients. The results add further evidence to the data that suggest that PEth has potential as a candidate for a sensitive and specific biomarker, which reflects longer-lasting intake of higher amounts of alcohol and seemingly has the above mentioned certain advantages over traditional biomarkers. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 1 Page 88-95 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <751> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009640175 Authors Karpyak V.M. Biernacka J.M. Weg M.W.V. Stevens S.R. Cunningham J.M. Mrazek D.A. Black J.L. Institution (Karpyak, Biernacka, Mrazek, Black) Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. (Biernacka, Stevens) Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States. (Weg) Center for Research in the Implementation of Innovative Strategies in Practice (CRIISP), VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States. (Weg) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States. (Cunningham, Black) Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Interaction of SLC6A4 and DRD2 polymorphisms is associated with a history of delirium tremens. Source Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 23-34), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Several genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with alcohol withdrawal seizures (AWS) and delirium tremens (DT). To replicate and further explore these findings, we investigated the effects of 12 previously reported candidate genetic variations in two groups of alcohol-dependent European Americans with a history of withdrawal, which differed according to the presence (n = 112) or absence (n = 92) of AWS and/or DT. Associations of AWS and/or DT with the genomic and clinical characteristics and gene-gene interaction effects were investigated using logistic regression models. None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with AWS/DT after correction for multiple testing. However, we found a significant interaction effect of the SLC6A4 promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and DRD2 exon 8 single nucleotide polymorphism rs6276 on AWS and/or DT history (P = 0.009), which became more significant after adjustment for lifetime maximum number of drinks consumed per 24 hours (P < 0.001). Subsequent analysis revealed an even stronger association of the SLC6A4-DRD2 interaction with DT (P < 0.0001), which remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Results reveal decreased likelihood of DT in alcoholics that carry the DRD2 rs6276 G allele and SLC6A4 LL genotype. This study provides the first evidence to implicate the interaction between serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission in the etiology of DT. Replication is necessary to verify this potentially important finding. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 1 Page 23-34 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <752> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2009640173 Authors Nelson E.C. Agrawal A. Pergadia M.L. Wang J.C. Whitfield J.B. Saccone F.S. Kern J. Grant J.D. Schrage A.J. Rice J.P. Montgomery G.W. Heath A.C. Goate A.M. Martin N.G. Madden P.A.F. Institution (Nelson, Agrawal, Pergadia, Wang, Saccone, Kern, Grant, Schrage, Rice, Heath, Goate, Madden) Department of Psychiatry, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4560 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States. (Whitfield, Montgomery, Martin) Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title H2 haplotype at chromosome 17q21.31 protects against childhood sexual abuse- associated risk for alcohol consumption and dependence. Source Addiction Biology. 15(1)(pp 1-11), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Animal research supports a central role for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in actions of ethanol on brain function. An examination of alcohol consumption in adolescents reported a significant genotype x environment (G x E) interaction involving rs1876831, a corticotropin- releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) polymorphism, and negative events. CRHR1 and at least four other genes are located at 17q21.31 in an extremely large block of high linkage disequilibrium resulting from a local chromosomal inversion; the minor allele of rs1876831 is contained within the H2 haplotype. Here, we examine whether G x E interactions involving this haplotype and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are associated with risk for alcohol consumption and dependence in Australian participants (n = 1128 respondents from 476 families) of the Nicotine Addiction Genetics project. Telephone interviews provided data on DSM-IV alcohol dependence diagnosis and CSA and enabled calculation of lifetime alcohol consumption factor score (ACFS) from four indices of alcohol consumption. Individuals reporting a history of CSA had significantly higher ACFS and increased risk for alcohol dependence. A significant G x E interaction was found for ACFS involving the H2 haplotype and CSA (P < 0.017). A similar G x E interaction was associated with protective effects against alcohol dependence risk (odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.89). For each outcome, no significant CSA-associated risk was observed in H2 haplotype carriers. These findings support conducting further investigation of the H2 haplotype to determine the gene(s) responsible. Our results also suggest that severe early trauma may prove to be an important clinical covariate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 1 Page 1-11 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL (A) 2010 <880> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010030068 Authors Leriche M. Mendez M. Institution (Leriche, Mendez) Departamento de Neuroquimica, Subdireccion de Investigaciones Clinicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 Mexico DF, Mexico. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Ethanol exposure selectively alters beta-endorphin content but not [3H]-DAMGO binding in discrete regions of the rat brain. Source Neuropeptides. 44(1)(pp 9-16), 2010. Date of Publication: February 2010. Publisher Churchill Livingstone Abstract The dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Opioid peptides modulate the activity of this system and have been suggested to mediate, at least in part, the reinforcing properties of ethanol. Thus, beta-endorphin (beta- END) could participate in the development of ethanol reinforcement and addiction. The aim of this work was to investigate the acute and chronic ethanol effects on beta-END content in regions of the mesolimbic system and to examine if chronic ethanol treatment alters ligand binding to mu opioid receptor (muOR). Male Wistar rats received a single acute ethanol dose of 2.5 g/kg or water by intra-gastric administration. For chronic ethanol treatment experiments, one group of rats was given ethanol (10% v/v solution) to drink, two groups were given equivalent volumes of sucrose (14.14% isocaloric solution) or water, respectively, and a fourth group had ad libitum access to food and water. Treatment was followed for 4 weeks. Beta-endorphin content in brain regions was quantified by radioimmunoassay and ligand binding studies to muOR were performed by quantitative autoradiography using 8 nM [3H]- DAMGO as radioligand. Acute ethanol decreased beta-END content in the hypothalamus (26%) 1 h after administration. No ethanol effects were observed in the midbrain, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, nucleus accumbens-septum and prefrontal cortex. Chronic ethanol treatment neither changed beta-END levels nor [3H]- DAMGO binding to mu opioid receptors in any of the regions studied. However, beta-END levels in the sucrose group were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra, in comparison to all other groups. These findings suggest that different neural mechanisms and specific brain regions may be involved in the reinforcing effects of ethanol and sucrose. copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0143-4179 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Neuropeptides Volume 44 Issue Part 1 Page 9-16 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication February 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <891> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010038165 Authors Ruggeri B. Braconi S. Cannella N. Kallupi M. Soverchia L. Ciccocioppo R. Ubaldi M. Institution (Ruggeri, Braconi, Cannella, Kallupi, Soverchia, Ciccocioppo, Ubaldi) Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Neuropeptide S receptor gene expression in alcohol withdrawal and protracted abstinence in postdependent rats. Source Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 34(1)(pp 90-97), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Background: Alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by frequent intoxications followed by withdrawal episodes and relapse to alcohol use. Neuroplastic changes associated with these intoxication and withdrawal cycles are thought to play a key role in disease progression. Recently, it has been shown that neuropeptide S (NPS), a newly deorphanized neuropeptide receptor system, facilitates relapse to alcohol seeking in laboratory animals. Given that a history of ethanol intoxication may increase vulnerability to alcohol addiction, we sought to determine whether NPS receptor (NPSR) gene expression is altered during withdrawal. Methods: Rats were subjected to 1 week of intoxication by oral alcohol administration. NPSR gene expression was analyzed by in situ hybridization in rats 12 hours and 7 days after the last alcohol administration. To investigate the functional significance of NPSR system adaptation following protracted withdrawal 7 days after intoxication, we tested the anxiolytic-like properties of NPS in nondependent and postdependent rats using the shock probe defensive burying test (DB). Results: At both time points, increased NPSR gene expression was observed in several brain areas, including the endopiriform nucleus, the motor cortex, and the medial amygdaloid nucleus. Moderate increases in gene expression were also found in the lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, basolateral and central amygdala. Differences from control animals were more pronounced after 7 days of abstinence. The upregulation of the NPSR system at this time point was confirmed by functional data indicating that intracerebroventricular (ICV) NPS administration (0.0, 0.3, and 0.1 nmol/rat) elicits more pronounced anxiolytic effects in postdependent animals than in controls subjected to the electric shock probe DB test. Conclusions: Neuropeptide S receptor mRNA expression is increased in different brain areas of postdependent rats; as shown in the DB test, this expression change is functionally relevant. copyright 2009 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. ISSN 0145-6008 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Volume 34 Issue Part 1 Page 90-97 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <897> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010073709 Authors Roper L.A. Institution (Roper) Windsor Clinic, Liverpool, Mersey Care NHS Trust, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title 'Stuck in a rut': A case study detailing the application of cognitive analytic therapy with alcohol use disorders. Source Journal of Substance Use. 15(1)(pp 1-12), 2010. Date of Publication: February 2010. Publisher Informa Healthcare Abstract Research has demonstrated the outcome and treatment effectiveness of a range of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of alcohol use disorders including, cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and brief intervention. There do not appear to be any studies published regarding the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy within an addiction setting. A case study detailing 17 sessions of cognitive analytic informed therapy conducted within an alcohol treatment unit with a 57-year-old female client who met the criteria for diagnosis of alcohol dependency is presented to illustrate the applicability of this approach to clients who relapse and for whom treatment as usual may not be beneficial in the first instance. The assessment and treatment procedures are reported and two year follow up data is presented. Considerations for clinical practice are highlighted. copyright 2010 Informa UK Ltd. ISSN 1465-9891 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Journal of Substance Use Volume 15 Issue Part 1 Page 1-12 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication February 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <906> Database EMBASE Accession Number 0020078684 Authors Van Hout M.C. Institution (Van Hout) Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Alcohol use and the Traveller community in the west of Ireland. Source Drug and Alcohol Review. 29(1)(pp 59-63), 2010. Date of Publication: January 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Abstract Introduction and Aims: The Traveller community as ethnic minority is vulnerable to problematic alcohol use, because of social exclusion, discrimination, lack of awareness and difficulties in engaging with addiction treatment protocols. Design and Methods. This research yielded an exploratory account of Travellers and alcohol use according to the perspectives of the Travellers and key service providers in the west of Ireland, within the context of a large- scale study on Travellers and substance use. The research consisted of 12 peer- accompanied focus groups of Traveller men and women (n = 57) and 45 semistructured interviews with a self-selecting sample of key service agencies. The research themes related to Traveller culture and alcohol use, sex differences, reasons for consuming alcohol, attitude to alcohol use, problematic alcohol use, levels of alcohol harm-related knowledge, perceptions of alcohol-related risk and experiences of addiction services. A thematic analysis of the information garnered guided this comparative analysis. Results. The Traveller community, and in particular Traveller men, are presenting with increasingly problematic alcohol use, because of dissipation of their culture and their experiences of marginalisation, discrimination, depression, illiteracy and poverty. Difficulties engaging with law enforcement, community health and addiction services compromise their efforts to deal with this problem and home detoxification attempts are common. Discussion and Conclusions. Services must aim to take into consideration the cultural needs of Travellers and provide appropriate educational materials, peer education programs and flexible treatment approaches for those Travellers experiencing problematic alcohol use. copyright 2009 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. ISSN 0959-5236 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Drug and Alcohol Review Volume 29 Issue Part 1 Page 59-63 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication January 2010

ALCOHOL / CANNABIS 2010 <936> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010119896 Authors Simons J.S. Maisto S.A. Wray T.B. Institution (Simons, Wray) Department of Psychology, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States. (Maisto) Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Sexual risk taking among young adult dual alcohol and marijuana users. Source Addictive Behaviors. 35(5)(pp 533-536), 2010. Date of Publication: May 2010. Publisher Elsevier Ltd Abstract Use of alcohol and marijuana among college students is common and use of these substances may increase the likelihood of risky sexual behavior. The present study found significant associations between risky sexual behavior and both mean BAC per drinking day and marijuana use intensity. However, hypothesized interactions between marijuana use and BAC were not supported. In addition, positive and negative urgency and premeditation were each significantly associated with the likelihood of risky sex. Substance use and facets of impulsivity and self-control exhibited direct associations with risky sexual behavior but hypothesized moderation effects were not supported. Associations between urgency and risky sexual behavior varied as a function of gender and trait positive affect. copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 35 Issue Part 5 Page 533-536 Year of Publication2010 Date of Publication May 2010

ALCOHOL (A) 2010 <953> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112829 Authors Ehlers C.L. Walter N.A.R. Dick D.M. Buck K.J. Crabbe J.C. Institution (Ehlers) Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States. (Walter, Buck, Crabbe) Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States. (Dick) Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. (Ehlers) Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, San Diego, CA 92037, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title A comparison of selected quantitative trait loci associated with alcohol use phenotypes in humans and mouse models. Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 185-199), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract Evidence for genetic linkage to alcohol and other substance dependence phenotypes in areas of the human and mouse genome have now been reported with some consistency across studies. However, the question remains as to whether the genes that underlie the alcohol-related behaviors seen in mice are the same as those that underlie the behaviors observed in human alcoholics. The aims of the current set of analyses were to identify a small set of alcohol-related phenotypes in human and in mouse by which to compare quantitative trait locus (QTL) data between the species using syntenic mapping. These analyses identified that QTLs for alcohol consumption and acute and chronic alcohol withdrawal on distal mouse chromosome 1 are syntenic to a region on human chromosome 1q where a number of studies have identified QTLs for alcohol-related phenotypes. Additionally, a QTL on human chromosome 15 for alcohol dependence severity/withdrawal identified in two human studies was found to be largely syntenic with a region on mouse chromosome 9, where two groups have found QTLs for alcohol preference. In both of these cases, while the QTLs were found to be syntenic, the exact phenotypes between humans and mice did not necessarily overlap. These studies demonstrate how this technique might be useful in the search for genes underlying alcohol-related phenotypes in multiple species. However, these findings also suggest that trying to match exact phenotypes in humans and mice may not be necessary or even optimal for determining whether similar genes influence a range of alcohol-related behaviors between the two species. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 185-199 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <954> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112828 Authors Heilig M. Egli M. Crabbe J.C. Becker H.C. Institution (Heilig, Egli) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States. (Crabbe) Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States. (Becker) Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States. (Heilig) LCTS/NIAAA, 10 Center Drive 1-5330, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: Are they linked? Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 169-184), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract The role of withdrawal-related phenomena in the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction remains under debate. A 'self-medication' framework postulates that emotional changes are induced by a history of alcohol use, persist into abstinence, and are a major factor in maintaining alcoholism. This view initially focused on negative emotional states during early withdrawal: these are pronounced, occur in the vast majority of alcohol- dependent patients, and are characterized by depressed mood and elevated anxiety. This concept lost popularity with the realization that in most patients, these symptoms abate over 3-6 weeks of abstinence, while relapse risk persists long beyond this period. More recently, animal data have established that a prolonged history of alcohol dependence induces more subtle neuroadaptations. These confer altered emotional processing that persists long into protracted abstinence. The resulting behavioral phenotype is characterized by excessive voluntary alcohol intake and increased behavioral sensitivity to stress. Emerging human data support the clinical relevance of negative emotionality for protracted abstinence and relapse. These developments prompt a series of research questions: (1) are processes observed during acute withdrawal, while transient in nature, mechanistically related to those that remain during protracted abstinence?; (2) is susceptibility to negative emotionality in acute withdrawal in part due to heritable factors, similar to what animal models have indicated for susceptibility to physical aspects of withdrawal?; and (3) to what extent is susceptibility to negative affect that persists into protracted abstinence heritable? copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 169-184 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <956> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112826 Authors Leeman R.F. Heilig M. Cunningham C.L. Stephens D.N. Duka T. O'Malley S.S. Institution (Leeman, O'Malley) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States. (Heilig) Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, United States. (Cunningham) Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine and Portland Alcohol Research Center, United States. (Stephens, Duka) Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, GB, Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Ethanol consumption: How should we measure it? Achieving consilience between human and animal phenotypes. Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 109-124), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract There is only modest overlap in the most common alcohol consumption phenotypes measured in animal studies and those typically studied in humans. To address this issue, we identified a number of alcohol consumption phenotypes of importance to the field that have potential for consilience between human and animal models. These phenotypes can be broken down into three categories: (1) abstinence/the decision to drink or abstain; (2) the actual amount of alcohol consumed; and (3) heavy drinking. A number of suggestions for human and animal researchers are made in order to address these phenotypes and enhance consilience. Laboratory studies of the decision to drink or to abstain are needed in both human and animal research. In human laboratory studies, heavy or binge drinking that meets cut-offs used in epidemiological and clinical studies should be reported. Greater attention to patterns of drinking over time is needed in both animal and human studies. Individual differences pertaining to all consumption phenotypes should be addressed in animal research. Lastly, improved biomarkers need to be developed in future research for use with both humans and animals. Greater precision in estimating blood alcohol levels in the field, together with consistent measurement of breath/blood alcohol levels in human laboratory and animal studies, provides one means of achieving greater consilience of alcohol consumption phenotypes. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 109-124 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL (A) 2010 <957> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112825 Authors Crabbe J.C. Bell R.L. Ehlers C.L. Institution (Crabbe) Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University and VA Medical Center, United States. (Bell) Indiana University School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatric Research, United States. (Ehlers) Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, Scripps Alcohol Research Center, Scripps Research Institute, United States. (Crabbe) VA Medical Center (RandD 12), 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Human and laboratory rodent low response to alcohol: Is better consilience possible?. Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 125-144), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract If people are brought into the laboratory and given alcohol, there are pronounced differences among individuals in many responses to the drug. Some participants in alcohol challenge protocols show a cluster of 'low level of responses to alcohol' determined by observing post- drinking-related changes in subjective, motor and physiological effects at a given dose level. Those individuals characterized as having low level of response (LR) to alcohol have been shown to be at increased risk for a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence (AD), and this relationship between low LR and AD appears to be in part genetic. LR to alcohol is an area where achieving greater consilience between the human and the rodent phenotypes would seem to be highly likely. However, despite extensive data from both human and rodent studies, few attempts have been made to evaluate the human and animal data systematically in order to understand which aspects of LR appear to be most directly comparable across species and thus the most promising for further study. We review four general aspects of LR that could be compared between humans and laboratory animals: (1) behavioral measures of subjective intoxication; (2) body sway; (3) endocrine responses; and (4) stimulant, autonomic and electrophysiological responses. None of these aspects of LR provide completely face- valid direct comparisons across species. Nevertheless, one of the most replicated findings in humans is the low subjective response, but, as it may reflect either aversively valenced and/or positively valenced responses to alcohol as usually assessed, it is unclear which rodent responses are analogous. Stimulated heart rate appears to be consistent in animal and human studies, although at-risk subjects appear to be more rather than less sensitive to alcohol using this measure. The hormone and electrophysiological data offer strong possibilities of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms, but the rodent data in particular are rather sparse and unsystematic. Therefore, we suggest that more effort is still needed to collect data using refined measures designed to be more directly comparable in humans and animals. Additionally, the genetically mediated mechanisms underlying this endophenotype need to be characterized further across species. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 125-144 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <958> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112824 Authors Dick D.M. Smith G. Olausson P. Mitchell S.H. Leeman R.F. O'Malley S.S. Sher K. Institution (Dick) Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States. (Smith) Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States. (Olausson, Leeman, O'Malley) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. (Mitchell) Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States. (Sher) Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders. Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 217-226), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract There are well-established links between impulsivity and alcohol use in humans and other model organisms; however, the etiological nature of these associations remains unclear. This is likely due, in part, to the heterogeneous nature of the construct of impulsivity. Many different measures of impulsivity have been employed in human studies, using both questionnaire and laboratory-based tasks. Animal studies also use multiple tasks to assess the construct of impulsivity. In both human and animal studies, different measures of impulsivity often show little correlation and are differentially related to outcome, suggesting that the impulsivity construct may actually consist of a number of more homogeneous (and potentially more meaningful) subfacets. Here, we provide an overview of the different measures of impulsivity used across human and animal studies, evidence that the construct of impulsivity may be better studied in the context of more meaningful subfacets, and recommendations for how research in this direction may provide for better consilience between human and animal studies of the connection between impulsivity and alcohol use. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 217-226 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <959> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010112823 Authors Sher K.J. Dick D.M. Crabbe J.C. Hutchison K.E. O'Malley S.S. Heath A.C. Institution (Sher) Psychology Building, University of Missouri, 200 South Seventh Street, Columbia, MO 65211, United States. (Dick) Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. (Crabbe) Portland Alcohol Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States. (Hutchison) University of New Mexico and the Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States. (O'Malley) Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. (Heath) Washington University, School of Medicine, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, St Louis, MO, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Consilient research approaches in studying gene x environment interactions in alcohol research. Source Addiction Biology. 15(2)(pp 200-216), 2010. Date of Publication: April 2010. Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Abstract This review article discusses the importance of identifying gene-environment interactions for understanding the etiology and course of alcohol use disorders and related conditions. A number of critical challenges are discussed, including the fact that there is no organizing typology for classifying different types of environmental exposures, many key human environmental risk factors for alcohol dependence have no clear equivalents in other species, much of the genetic variance of alcohol dependence in human is not 'alcohol specific', and the potential range of gene-environment interactions that could be considered is so vast that maintaining statistical control of Type 1 errors is a daunting task. Despite these and other challenges, there appears to be a number of promising approaches that could be taken in order to achieve consilience and ecologically valid translation between human alcohol dependence and animal models. Foremost among these is to distinguish environmental exposures that are thought to have enduring effects on alcohol use motivation (and self- regulation) from situational environmental exposures that facilitate the expression of such motivations but do not, by themselves, have enduring effects. In order to enhance consilience, various domains of human approach motivation should be considered so that relevant environmental exposures can be sampled, as well as the appropriate species to study them in (i.e. where such motivations are ecologically relevant). Foremost among these are social environments, which are central to the initiation and escalation of human alcohol consumption. The value of twin studies, human laboratory studies and pharmacogenetic studies is also highlighted. copyright 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction. ISSN 1355-6215 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Addiction Biology Volume 15 Issue Part 2 Page 200-216 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication April 2010

ALCOHOL 2010 <975> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2010123985 Authors Ehlers C.L. Gizer I.R. Vieten C. Gilder A. Gilder D.A. Stouffer G.M. Lau P. Wilhelmsen K.C. Institution (Ehlers, Gilder, Gilder, Stouffer, Lau) Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States. (Gizer, Wilhelmsen) Department of Neurology and Genetics, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. (Vieten) Mind-Body Medicine Research Group, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Age at regular drinking, clinical course, and heritability of alcohol dependence in the San Francisco family study: A gender analysis. Source American Journal on Addictions. 19(2)(pp 101-110), 2010. Date of Publication: March-April 2010. Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Abstract We examined gender differences in age of onset, clinical course, and heritability of alcohol dependence in 2,524 adults participating in the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) family study of alcoholism. Men were significantly more likely than women to have initiated regular drinking during adolescence. Onset of regular drinking was not found to be heritable but was found to be significantly associated with a shorter time to onset of alcohol dependence. A high degree of similarity in the sequence of alcohol-related life events was found between men and women, however, men experienced alcohol dependence symptoms at a younger age and women had a more rapid clinical course. Women were found to have a higher heritability estimate for alcohol dependence (h2 =.46) than men (h2 =.32). These findings suggest that environmental factors influencing the initiation of regular drinking rather than genetic factors associated with dependence may in part underlie some of the gender differences seen in the prevalence of alcohol dependence in this population. copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 19 Issue Part 2 Page 101-110 Year of Publication 2010 Date of Publication March-April 2010

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