Why Study the Ocean Properties When We Re Really Interested in the Biology s1

Note Taker Ocean Properties Marine Science

Why study the ocean properties when we’re really interested in the biology?? A) Habitat: B) Where Organisms can survive: C) Water movement: D) 3-D to the ocean: So much is ______.

II. More than you ever wanted to know about seawater A. General Properties of Water 1. Chemical Formula: 2. Only known substance to occur in all 3 phases on the planet a. Solid: b. Liquid: c. Gas: 3. Molecular Shape 4. Hydrogen Bonds a. Definition: b. Temperature-Density Relationship (unique of all common natural molecules) i. What is density? (mass per volume) ii. How do you increase density? 1.) Keep ______constant, and ______volume. 2.) Keep ______constant, and ______mass. SHOW 1 of Examples Below SO – Density ______when water is ______and ______. iii. Water temperature and density 1.)Water is ______dense as a ______. 2.)Water is ______dense as a ______. 3.)Why does water temperature matter??  Ice acts as insulation!

 Brings O2 to the deep ocean! c. high heat capacity i. What is it: Water can absorb or release ______much change in temperature ii. Temperature Regulation 1.) In water: Rapid change in temperature can _____ animals 2.) On land: Oceans keep coastal areas ______in summer and ______in the winter, compared to inland areas. d. surface tension= molecular “skin” at water surface created by ______at water surface, water molecules are more attracted to each other than to the air molecules. 5. Changes of State: (List them)  6. Draw the Phase Diagram for Water  B. Seawater Characteristics & Properties 1. Salts and Seawater a. What is a salt? And how does the salt (acid + base) enter the seawater? b. Where do they come from? i. ii. iii. c. Most common salt ions in the ocean i. Chloride Cl- 19.3 ppt ii. Sodium Na+ 10.8 ppt 2- iii. Sulfate SO4 2.7 ppt iv. Magnesium Mg2+ 1.3 ppt v. Calcium Ca2+ 0.4 ppt

d. How do they become dissolved? Positive and negative sides of ______pull salt ______apart! 2. Salinity a. Definition b. Average Ocean Salinity = c. Local Salinity i. What determines local salinity? Give examples. 1.) Water Loss 2.) Water Gains 3.) General pattern of local salinity (yellow circles) Equator < 35 ppt (less than 35 ppt) 30 N & S > 35 ppt (greater than 35 ppt) 50 N & S < 35 ppt (less than 35 ppt) Processes Affecting Salinty:

Decrease salinity:

Increase salinity:

Romeo/Juliet Example – Explain (who is Romeo/Juliet and who are disapproving parents?):

Why salinity matters: Osmosis: Movement of water from areas of ______concentration (______Salinity) to areas of ______concentration (_____ Salinity).

3. Ocean Temperature a. Most of the ocean is between 5 and 30° C, depending on sunlight. b. Why does temperature matter?? i. Range of Organisms ii. Cellular Function (Metabolic Rate) iii. Biological Functioning (such as ______) 4. Temperature-Salinity-Density a. COLD, SALTY water is ______dense than fresh, warm water!! b. Ocean Mixing c. “clines” i. Thermocline = rapid change in ______with depth ii. Halocline = rapid change in ______with depth iii. Pycnocline = rapid change in ______with depth iv. All clines acts as ______separating ocean waters and making it difficult for small organisms or dissolved matter to ______. d. Draw Clines below

Ocean Layering

Surface Zone ______

Transition Zone ______

Deep Zone ______

Marine Life Zones – 3 factors:

Availability of ______: Photic zone - ____ part of ocean where sunlight penetrates.

______from Shore

Intertidal zone - where land & ocean meet and overlap, or zone ______tides.

Neritic zone - marine-life zone that extends from low-tide line out ______break.

Oceanic zone - marine-life zone ______.

What about Dissolved gases?

The most important gases in the ocean are: (They are ______at the sea surface through gas exchange

– Oxygen (02)

– Carbon dioxide (C02)

– Nitrogen (N2)

– Gases, unlike solids, dissolve ______water.

– The amount of oxygen in the water is strongly affected by organisms that photosynthesize

but also by _

Ocean Acidification Definition: Examples: Chemical Reaction: – Water Depth

I. Pressure and Light

II. Currents

Ocean is constantly ______(every ) Winds drive the currents. Most intense are at the ______. Other causes are _____ Why are currents important?

Gyres are huge ______-moving current systems that dominate the surfaces of the oceans. The Coriolis ______is the deflection of currents away from their original course as a result of ______. How do Ocean Currents affect Climate? ______ ______-latitude ______water ______latitude (cooler areas)  High-latitude ______latitude (warm areas)

Surface Circulation Upwelling is the rise of ______from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water. brings greater ______to the ocean surface. Density Currents - are ______currents of ocean water that result from ______among water masses. Rip Currents

What is El Nino? • El Nino is a ______in the Eastern Pacific (off coast of South America) that affects weather worldwide.

Waves Waves Transfer ______How do waves transfer energy? ______

Wave Characteristics (label THIS diagram) 

Wave obtain energy primarily from what? Definitions/Symbol if applicable Wave Height

Wavelength

Period

Orbital Motion

Breaking Waves (Surf)

Wave speed found using the calculation:

Wave train

Bathymetry

Tsunamis vs Tidal Bore

What is the trend with sound in different mediums?

TIDES A. Two Causes 1. Gravity from the ______and ______. 2. Centrifugal force due to the ______of Earth. B. High and Low Tides 1. High Tides: the ______created by the pull of two forces. 2. Low Tides: the ______between the ______. 3. As the Earth spins, any given location will pass under the bulges and over the low spots. 4. Spring Tides: a. Moon and sun ______. b. Occurs during ______and ______moons c. During a spring tide, the difference between high and low tide is ______. 5. Neap Tides: a. Moon and sun ______. b. Occurs during ______and ______moons. c. During a neap tide, the difference between high and low tide is ______. C. Types of Tides: 1. Diurnal: a. ______high and ______low tide b. Found in: ______. 2. Semidiurnal: a. Two ______high and two ______low tides. b. Found in: ______. 3. Mixed Semidiurnal: a. Two ______high and two ______low tides. b. Found in: ______. Other stuff on Tides:

SHORELINE, etc.

A beach is the accumulation of sediment found along the shore of a lake or ocean.

Waves along the shoreline are constantly ______sediment.

Wave Impact - The impact of large, ______waves against the shore can be awesome

in its violence.

______is the sawing and ______action of rock fragments in the water.

Wave refraction is the ______of waves,

A ______current is a near-shore current that ______to the shore.

Erosional Features

 Sediment that is transported along the shore and ______areas where

______produces depositional features.

Sea Arches and Sea Stacks

When two ______on opposite sides of a headland ______, a sea ______results.

Eventually, the arch falls in, leaving an isolated remnant, ______, on the wave-cut platform

Spits, Bars, and Tombolos

A spit is an elongated ______of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an

adjacent bay.

A baymouth bar is a sandbar that completely ______.

A tombolo is a ______that connects an island to the mainland or to another island

Barrier islands are narrow ______to, but separate from, the coast at

distances from ______offshore.

Protective Structures

Groins, breakwaters, and seawalls are some structures built to ______

______or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach.

Beach ______is the addition of large quantities ______to the beach system.