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Patient Handouts Page 1 of 2 Cocaine Intoxication What is cocaine intoxication? Cocaine intoxication is when you become restless and overactive while or shortly after using cocaine. You feel very sensitive and "picked on." You feel angry and destructive. Cocaine is a drug made from the leaves of the coca plant, which grows in South America. It is a stimulant that causes physical and psychological arousal, increased confidence, talkativeness, increased breathing and heart rate, increased energy, and sleeplessness. Cocaine can also numb an area of the body quickly. Some people are more sensitive than others to cocaine. Cocaine intoxication can kill you. What is the cause? Cocaine intoxication occurs when you smoke, snort, or inject too much cocaine. Cocaine stimulates some of the chemicals in the brain and body that change physical states and emotions. At first you feel pleasure, increased energy, and enhanced self-esteem. You also have less anxiety and are less self-conscious. Cocaine also affects sexual behavior. In small doses cocaine increases sexual arousal and makes orgasms and erections easier. In large doses cocaine makes you feel increased sexual desire but you are less able to achieve orgasm. Men may have problems with impotence. These pleasurable feelings make you want to repeat the high. You may need larger and larger doses of cocaine to produce the feelings of the first few doses. This may lead to becoming physically and psychologically dependent on cocaine. The effects of cocaine are short-lived. This may cause you to binge (take the drug continually over several hours, or even a week). This may lead to an overdose. What are the symptoms? You may have these symptoms when you use cocaine, or shortly afterward:

 a fast or slow heartbeat

 dilated pupils

 high or low blood pressure

 hallucinations (seeing or feeling things that are not there, such as bugs under your skin)

 sweating or chills

 dangerous rise in temperature

 nausea or vomiting

 muscle pain or weakness

 chest pain

 convulsions

 increased or decreased level of activity

 confusion

 coma. Chronic snorting of cocaine can lead to:

 sore nasal membranes

 a tear or other damage to the membrane that separates the left and right nostrils

 nosebleeds

 sinusitis

 rapid heart rates and heart attack

 stroke

 premature birth or stillbirth of infants whose mothers use cocaine. How is it diagnosed?

Patient handouts provided by Merck Medicus. Copyright © 2012-2013 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. To diagnose cocaine intoxication, your healthcare provider will review your symptoms, examine you, and take a history of drug use. You may also have tests such as CT scans, head X-rays, or an electrocardiogram (ECG). Your urine may be analyzed. Cocaine can remain in urine for many hours after you have used the drug. How is it treated? Your healthcare provider will treat your physical symptoms, including:

 effects on the heart, including heart attack, disturbances in the rhythm of the heart, and high blood pressure

 effects on the nervous system, including paranoia, hallucinations, potentially lethal high fever, stroke, and seizures. If you become intoxicated with cocaine often, and your cocaine use is so out of control that it interferes with your life, seek treatment for cocaine dependence. You can join a self-help group (for example, Cocaine Anonymous), a support group, a therapy group, or be part of a supervised treatment program. The healthcare providers and counselors will work with you to develop a treatment program. How long will the effects of a dose of cocaine last? How rapidly you will feel the effects and how long they will last depends on whether you smoke, sniff, or inject cocaine. Most effects begin within seconds and last up to an hour. During a binge, effects may last up to 48 hours after the last dose. How can I take care of myself? The best way to help yourself is to see your healthcare provider and make plans to stop taking cocaine. If you are already seeing a healthcare provider, it is important to take the full course of treatment he or she prescribes. You may want to call the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) at 1-800-729-6686.

 Get support. Talk with family and friends. Consider joining a support group in your area.

 Learn to manage stress. Ask for help at home and work when the load is too great to handle. Find ways to relax, for example take up a hobby, listen to music, watch movies, take walks. Try deep breathing exercises when you feel stressed.

 Take care of your physical health. Try to get at least 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Eat a healthy diet. Limit caffeine. If you smoke, quit. Don't use alcohol or drugs. Exercise according to your healthcare provider's instructions.

 Avoid situations where people are likely to use alcohol or drugs.

 Check your medicines. To help prevent problems, tell your healthcare provider and pharmacist about all the medicines, natural remedies, vitamins, and other supplements that you take.

 Contact your healthcare provider or therapist if you have any questions or your symptoms seem to be getting worse.