Resource Final Exam

9th Grade Language Arts Final REVIEW Fall Semester

WORD CLUES Define the following word clue roots, prefixes and suffixes. Anthrop –it is Batho Man; mankind inflammation depth olig- –machy Therap few War; fight Cure; treatment mono- Dem Phil one people love ortho- straight; correct

Derivative Definition Example Euphonious Good sound music Macron A horizontal line used to indicate a Fate Beyonce long vowel sound Phonograph A record player Used before CDs Bibliotheca A collection of books; library Used for research Cacography Bad handwriting Polytheists Belief in many god Early Greeks and Romans Anthropophobiac Fear of mankind Misogynist Hates women Anarchy Absence of government Hemophile Loves blood Vampire; Dracula

II. “How the World Began” and the Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology: Identify the following: Zues’ uncles; 100 hands; sent to Tartarus; gave Zeus the Hecatoncheries lightening bolt 9 daughters of Zeus; inspired artists (poets, painters, Muses musicians, etc.) 12 beautiful strong children of Uranus; fought against Titans Zeus Zeus The leader of the gods; god of thunder; most powerful 2

Hermes Messenger god

Hestia Goddess of hearth and home God of the sea; brother of Zeus; father of Polyphemus; Poseidon angry with Odysseus Prometheus Brings fire to mankind; punished by Zeus for doing so

Hera Wife of Zeus

THE ODYSSEY

Which are some elements of epic What does Tiresias foretell? poetry?  Begin the story in media res That Poseiden will seek revenge against  The gods intervene Odysseus  The epic poet invokes a muse

In Homer’s The Odyssey, the use of The Odyssey is essentially the story of Homeric, or epic similes does the Odysseus’ triumph over ______. following:  His men’s treachery (foolishness)  Explain ideas  His own flaws (hubris)  Provide imagery  Angry gods  Explain characters’ qualities

Identify the speaker of the following passages: Polyphemus, Penelope, Odysseus, Tiresias, Antinous, Athena, Telemachus 3

“So every day I wove on the great loom, / but every night by torchlight I unwove it; / and so for three years I deceived the Achaeans.” Penelope

“Athena/ counseling me, will give me word, and I shall signal to you, nodding: at that point! Round up all armor, lances, gear of war/ left in our hall, and stow the lot away/ back in the vaulted storeroom.” Telemachus

“She ate them as they shrieked there, in her den/ in the dire grapple, reaching still for me – / and deathly pity ran me through/ at that sight – far the worse I ever suffered.” Odysseus

”Where shall a man find sweetness to surpass/ his own home and his parents? In far lands/ he shall not, though he finds a house of gold.” Odysseus

Literary terms: Read the example to identify which literary term is used -- Metaphor, Epic Simile, Personification, Epithet, Allusion

Blood-warm waters “The revolver pointed as “He was in a picture with a rigidly as if the giant were frame of water.” (Epithet) a statue.” (simile) (metaphor)

“Death sat there huge.” hairy-headed Achaeans “The muttering and growling of the sea breaking on the (personification) (Epithet) rocky shore.” (personification)

“The sea was as flat as a “Ugh! Its like moist black Monster of the Gray Rock plate-glass window.” velvet.” (Epithet) (Simile) (Simile) 4

“. . .a minstrel sings about "He is a Cossack," said the Bill’s feet were ice cubes. the Trojan Horse.” general, and his smile showed red lips and pointed (Metaphor) (Allusion) teeth. "So am I." (Allusion)

Achilles, son of Peleus “But the wash from the Max was an angel. speeding yacht slapped him in (Epithet) the face and the salt water (Metaphor) in his open mouth made him gag and strangle.” (Personification)

“As when the shudder of the Bubbly personality High-hearted men west wind suddenly rising scatters across the water, (Metaphor) (Epithet) and the water darkens beneath it, so darkening were settled the ranks of Achaians and Trojans in the plain.” (Epic Simile) swift-footed Achilles “When the young Dawn “The lights of the yacht with fingertips of rose lit became faint and ever- (Epithet) up the world..” vanishing fireflies . . .” (personification) (metaphor) “But swift Aias the son of Then be sat down, took a He is the apple of my eye. Oïleus would not at all now drink of brandy from a take his stand apart from silver flask, lit a cigarette, (metaphor) Telamonian Aias, and hummed a bit from not even a little; but as two Madame Butterfly. wine-coloured oxen straining with even force drag the (Allusion) compacted plough through the fallow land, and for both of them at the base of the horns the dense sweat gushes;” (epic simile) 5

Define the following: Mood Feeling created in a reader by a literary work Tone The writer’s attitude toward the audience and subject. Point of View refers to who tells the story and how it is told a. First Person A character in the story tells the story; uses “I” You use the second-person point of view to address the b. Second Person reader; uses “you” c. Third Person A voice outside the story narrates or tells the story Limited d. Third Person An all knowing narrator that tells us what any character Omniscient thinks and feels. Setting Time and place of the action of the story. Exposition Introduces characters and setting Rising Action All events leading up to the climax of the action/story Climax The high point of the interest or suspense. Falling Action Follows the climax and leads into the resolution Resolution Insight or change is conveyed/action ends External Conflict The main character struggles against an outside force. Internal Conflict A character in conflict with him or herself. Short Story Literary terms: Identify the literary term used – First Person POV, Second Person POV, Third Person POV, Internal Conflict, External Conflict, Exposition, Setting **TMDG – “The Most Dangerous Game” In TMDG, Rainsford In the PLOT of TMDG, The story TMDG takes struggles to swim to Ship the author introduces to place after World Word Trap Island. the reader Rainsford and II in the 1930s and on Whitney, the Caribbean, Ship Trap Island in the (External Conflict and Ship Trap Island. Caribbean. Man vs. Nature) (Exposition) (Setting) “As they followed Charlie Your friend tells you “In the next step you will through the crowded something in confidence that attach tab A to tab H.” maze, Jake felt an odd could get her in trouble. You (2nd person POV) excitement building inside wonder if you should tell her “I decorated the house parents. him—or was it fear?” for the holidays.” (Internal Conflict) (3rd person POV) (1st person POV) 6

Parts of Speech: Define

POS DEFINITION EXAMPLE Student, school, a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or Noun desk an idea To, from, over, a word used to show the relationship of a noun preposition under, etc. or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence Very, always a word used to modify a verb, and adjective, or adverb an adverb He, she, it, they pronoun a word that takes the place of a noun Run, jump, can, a word used to express an action or a state of verb be being FANBOYS conjunction a word used to join words or groups of words Green, silly adjective a word used to modify a noun or pronoun Wow! interjection a word used to express emotion

Label the parts of speech:

For first time freshmen, final exams can be overwhelming and difficult; students need to take the time to study.

Grammar: Mechanics Punctuate the following titles: Anthem “The Most Dangerous Game” the Odyssey “Pyramus and Thisbe”

Identify the bolded punctuation: comma, hyphen, apostrophe, quotation marks “text” quotation marks warm-blooded hyphen It’s apostrophe Let’s eat, Grandma! comma

RESEARCH AND WRITING 7

When writing an introductory paragraph for a multi-paragraph essay, what is to be included?  Title and author  General background info on the story  Thesis statement

The sentence that begins a body paragraph is the topic sentence.

Those words/phrases that help our writing to flow more smoothly and move from one idea to another are called transitions

The following must be included in the closing/concluding paragraph of an essay: Restatement of your thesis

When writing about literature, it is best to write in what verb tense? Present Tense

Below is an example of a bibliography that could be found on a Works Cited page:

Jordan, Jennifer, "Filming at the Top of the World." Museum of Science Magazine. Volume 47, No. 1, (Winter 1998): p. 11. i. What is the correct order for text when writing the bibliographic information?

Author’s name , title, publishing information, Date, page # . ii. What mark of punctuation goes at the end of a Works Cited entry? A period . iii. Which line is indented in the entry? The second line 8

Nonfiction terms: Define

Nonfiction Persuasive speech Author’s tone Author’s purpose Biography Autobiography Essay Informational text bias

 author’s reason for writing—to entertain, to Author’s purpose inform, to persuade  short nonfiction work about a particular subject essay

 writing that provides the knowledge to guide and Informational text educate you  Writer’s tendency to favor one side of an issue bias

 oral presentation to convince listeners to accept a Persuasive speech particular opinion or take a specific action

 prose writing that presents and explains ideas or nonfiction tells about real people  person relates his/her own life story Autobiography

 Writer tells life story of another person biography

 the author’s attitude toward the subject about Author’s tone which he/she is writing 9

Using sink, sank, sunk & drink, drank, drunk (http://writeraid.net/tag/grammar-girls-quick-and-dirty-tips/)

The past tense of sink, not the thing in your kitchen but what you do when you’re in deep water weighted down with rocks, is “sank.” More and more, I’m seeing “sunk” as the past tense, as in “The boat sunk to the bottom of the bay.” No! It should be “sank.” “ The boat sank to the bottom of the bay.” Sunk is another thing, as in “It would have been tragic if the boat had sunk to the bottom of the bay.” Sink, sank, sunk. The same rule applies to drink. I drink. I drank yesterday. I’m hyper because I have drunk too much caffeine.

They're, Their, and Their Read more at http://www.grammar-monster.com/easily_confused/there_their_theyre.htm#El0eOOc0puilQHE7.99 They're is a shortened version of they are. (The apostrophe replaces the letter a.) Example: They're not leaving on Saturday at all. ("They are not leaving..." < sounds ok)

Their is used to show possession. It is just like my, your, his, her, its, and our. Example: Can you show the guests to their cabins? ("Can you show the guests to our cabins" < sounds ok; their is correct) There is similar to the word here in that it represents a place. Example: The Germans are over there. (specified place)

Their dog is an annoying mutt. There once was a bird called a Dodo. My aunt and uncle are arriving tomorrow. They’re coming from California. Many years ago there were not any cars. Their new car is candy apple red.

To, too, and two Two boys walked to Tucson on To (preposition) - refers to a place, direction, or position. Tuesday. “I’m too tired to walk Too (adverb) - means "also" or "excessively." home,” one said. “Me too said Two (noun) - refers to the number 2. the other. 10

Who or Whom? http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/who-versus-whom?page=1#sthash.qT3YrK5s.dpuf

Use "whom" when you are referring to the object of a sentence. Ex: "Whom did you step on?" “Whom do I love?”

Use "who" when you are referring to the subject of a sentence. Ex: "Who stepped on Squiggly?" "Who loves you?"

Still too hard to remember? OK, here's the quick and dirty tip: Like "whom," the pronoun "him" ends with "m." When you're trying to decide whether to use "who" or "whom," ask yourself if the answer to the question would be "he" or "him."

That's the trick: if you can answer the question being asked with "him," then use "whom," and it's easy to remember because they both end with "m."

For example, if you're trying to ask, "Who (or whom) do you love?" The answer would be "I love him." "Him" ends with an "m," so you know to use "whom."

But if you are trying to ask, "Who (or whom) stepped on Squiggly?" the answer would be "He stepped on Squiggly." There's no "m," so you know to use "who."

Who/whom paid for the meal? Sarah gave the tickets to who/whom? Who/whom are you going to believe? You sat by who/whom all night? I wonder who/whom is in charge.