AP Chem Course Outline

AP Chem Course Outline 2010

Course Outline

Unit 1: Introduction , Atoms, Molecules, & Ions 2.5 weeks Topics: Classification & properties of matter, measurement, uncertainty, significant figures, dimensional analysis, historical development of atomic models, atomic & mass numbers, atoms & isotopes, atomic weight, periodic table, molecular & ionic compounds, naming chemical compounds Readings: Introduction: Matter & Measurement (Chapter 1); Atoms, Molecules & Ions (Chapter 2); Chromatography, http://teaching.shu.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorial/chrom/chrom1.htm Laboratories: Introduction to Laboratory: Safety, equipment, skills, lab reports Measurement & Uncertainty [Tom Adams, Ball State University] Liquid Chromatography [Vernier #18 (AP#18)]

Unit 2: Stoichiometry 2.5 weeks Topics: Chemical equations, chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, combustion), percent composition, the mole, formula weights, empirical formulae, stoichiometric calculations, limiting reagents, percent yield Readings: Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations (Chapter 3) Laboratories: Determination of Empirical Formula & Water of Hydration [Flinn 7:13-22 (AP#1) or Vernier #1 (AP#1, 2)] Mole Ratios in Chemical Reactions [Vonderbrink #5 (AP#9)]

Unit 3: Aqueous Reactions 2.5 weeks Topics: Electrolytes & non-electrolytes, solubility, precipitation reactions, single & double displacement reactions, ionic equations, acid-base reactions, redox reactions, activity series, concentration (molarity, molality, & dilutions) Readings: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (Chapter 4) Laboratories: Standardization of a Solution of NaOH [Vernier #6 (AP#6)] Acid-Base Titration [Vernier #7 (AP#7)] Activity Series [Vonderbrink #7 (AP#20)]

Unit 4: Thermochemistry 1.5 weeks Topics: Energy; 1st law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, enthalpy of reaction, calorimetry, Hess’ Law, enthalpy of formation Readings: Thermochemistry (Chapter 5) Laboratories: Thermodynamics: Enthalpy of a Reaction & Hess’ Law [Vonderbrink #6 (AP#13)] or Determining the Enthalpy of a Reaction [Vernier # 13 (AP#13)]

Unit 5: Atomic Theory & Periodicity 2.0 weeks Topics: Energy, light, quantization, line spectra, Bohr model, matter waves, quantum model (quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, orbital diagrams), writing electron configurations, periodic law, periodic trends in atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metals, nonmetals, metalloids

David Scott, 2010 AP Chem Course Outline 2010

Readings: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Chapter 6); Periodic Properties of the Elements (Chapter 7) Laboratories: Gas Spectra Tubes (Direct observation of line spectra of H2, He, Ne, Cl2, & Hg); Gravimetric Analysis of a Metal Carbonate [Vonderbrink #3 (AP#16)] or Conductimetric Titration and Gravimetric Determination of a Precipitate [Vernier #16 (AP#16)]

Unit 6:Chemical Bonding & Molecular Geometry 2.5 weeks Topics: Octet rule, ionic & covalent bonding, electronegativity, lattice energy, bond polarity, Lewis structures, resonance, exceptions to the octet rule bond strength, VSEPR theory, atomic orbital hybridization, sigma & pi bonds Readings: Basic Concepts of chemical Bonding (Chapter 8); Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theories (Chapter 9) Laboratories: Learning molecular geometry with molecular models; Colorimetric Analysis: Beers Law [Vernier #17 (AP #17)]

Unit 7: Gases 2.5 weeks Topics Properties of gases, pressure, STP, gas laws & gas law calculations (Boyle’s, Charles’, Avagadro, Gay-Lussac, ideal gas equation), gas mixtures & partial pressures (Dalton’s law), kinetic molecular theory, effusion & diffusion (Graham’s law), deviation of real gases Readings: Gases (Chapter 10) Laboratories: Determination of the molar volume of a gas [Vonderbrink #8 (AP #5)] or The Molar Volume of a Gas [Vernier #5 (AP #5)] Determination of molar mass of volatile liquids [Vonderbrink #9 (AP #3)] or The Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid [Vernier #3 (AP #3)]

Unit 8: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, Solids, & Solutions 2.0 weeks Topics: Dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, Van derWalls forces, London dispersion forces, phase changes, vapor pressure, phase diagrams, triple point, critical point, crystal structure, amorphous solids, molecular, covalent network, & ionic solids; solvation, solubility, concentration, colligative properties, Raoult’s law, colloids Readings: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids and Solids (Chapter 11); Properties of Solutions (Chapter 13) Laboratories: Molar mass by freezing point depression [Vonderbrink #11 (AP #4)] or Using Freezing-Point Depression to Find Molecular Weight [Vernier #4 (AP #4)]

Unit 9: Chemical Kinetics 2.0 weeks Topics: Rates of reaction, rate expressions; writing rate laws, reaction orders, half-life, Arrhenius equation, reaction mechanisms, energy of activation, catalysis Readings: Chemical Kinetics (Chapter 14) Laboratories: Kinetics of a Reaction [Vonderbrink #12 (AP #12)] or Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide [Vernier #12 (AP #12)]

Unit 10: Chemical Equilibrium 1.5 weeks Topics: Equilibrium constants, calculating Kc, Kp, direction of equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s principle Readings: Chemical Equilibrium (Chapter 15) 2+ Laboratories: The Determination of Keq for FeSCN [Vonderbrink #13 (AP #10)] or The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant [Vernier #10 (AP #10)] or Determination of Solubility Product of an Ionic Compound [Vonderbrink # 18 (AP #10)]

Unit 11: Acids & Bases 3.0 weeks Topics: Acids, bases, pH, strong vs. weak acids, Ka, pK, strong vs. weak bases, Kb, carboxylic acids, Lewis acids & bases; common ion effect, buffers, acid-base titrations, solubility equilibria, Ksp, qualitative analysis Readings: Acid-Base Equilibria (Chapter 16); Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (Chapter 17) Laboratories: Investigating Indicators [Vernier # 11 (AP#11)] Preparation & Properties of Buffer Solutions [Vonderbrink #17 or Vernier #19 (AP #19)] Separation & qualitative analysis of cations and anions [Vernier 14A & 14B (AP #14)]

Unit 12: Chemical Thermodynamics 1.0 weeks Topics: Entropy, 2nd law of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy

Readings: Chemical Thermodynamics (Chapter 19) Laboratories: None

Unit 13: Electrochemistry 2.5 weeks Topics: Voltaic cells, EMF, ∆G in redox reactions, batteries, corrosion, electrolysis Readings: Electrochemistry (Chapter 20) Laboratories: An Oxidation-Reduction Titration: The Reaction of Fe2+ and Ce4+[Vernier #8 (AP #8)] Electrochemistry: Volataic Cells [Vernier #20 (AP #21)] Electroplating [Vernier #21 (AP #21)]

Unit 14: Nuclear Chemistry & Coordination Compounds 2.0 weeks Topics: Radioactivity, nuclear equations, transmutation, rates of nuclear decay (half-life), nuclear power Readings: Nuclear Chemistry (Chapter 21), Chemistry of Coordination Compounds (Chapter 24) Laboaratories: Synthesis of Alum [Vernier 15A(AP #15)] Analysis of Alum [Vernier 15B (AP #15)]

Unit 15: Organic & Biochemistry 2.0 weeks

Topics: Hydrocarbons, functional groups, nomenclature of organic compounds, chirality, introduction to biomolecules, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids Readings: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry (Chapter 25) Laboratories: Synthesis and Analysis of Aspirin [Vernier #22 (AP #22)] or Synthesis, Isolation, and Purification of an Ester [Vonderbrink # 25 (AP #22)]

AP Exam Review & Preparation 3.0 weeks

Content review, AP Exam practice

David Scott, 2010