2008 Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament - Playoff Packet 2

2008 Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament - Playoff Packet 2 Packet by Chris Borglum Edited by Rob Carson, Andrew Hart, and Gautam Kandlikar

Tossups

1. Wallace Stevens described this figure “singing and chanting the things that are part of him” in the poem “Like Decorations in a Nigger Cemetery.” In the poem “A Pact,” Ezra Pound writes that this figure “broke the new wood [and]/Now is a time for carving.” In a 1930 ode to him, another poet describes this earlier writer moaning “like a bird/with its sex pierced by a needle” and a group of young men chasing his “beard full of butterflies"; that is a Garcia-Lorca homage citing this writer’s putative homosexuality. This poet described a carpenter measuring out a plank in I Hear America Singing. For 10 points, name this nineteenth-century poet whose “barbaric yawp” was sounded in works like “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” and “Song of Myself.” ANSWER: Walter Whitman

2. This man brutally suppressed the January Uprising occurred in the western part of this man's kingdom. A later unpopular decision was the appointment of Dmitri Tolstoy as Minister of Education, leading to a conservative revision of the gymnasia curriculum with emphasis on Greek and Latin. He created the system of local councils, or zemstvos, which gave greater administrative power to districts and towns, and he relaxed the Russification policies of his father, allowing the Finnish parliament to meet again. The Okhrana was created during his reign to monitor radicals, and he was on his way to a meeting to discuss the drafting of a new constitution when members of The People’s Will succeeded in killing him with a bomb. For 10 points, name this son of Nicholas I best known for emancipating Russia’s serfs. ANSWER: Alexander II Romanov

3. A 1998 study by Dr. Peter Eriksson used the marker bromodeoxyuridine to demonstrate that neurogenesis takes place in the dentate gyrus region of this structure. The granule cells of the dentate gyrus project to the large pyramidal cells of this structure’s Ammon’s Horn via the mossy fiber system. Damage to this region may result in anterograde amnesia, and it is typically one of the first areas damaged by Alzheimer’s disease. A recent study found that this region has grown larger in cab drivers who have navigated London for decades, since this area is involved in spatial navigation and memory formation. For 10 points, name this part of the brain which derives its name from the Greek for “seahorse.” ANSWER: hippocampus

4. A persistent rumor contemporary with this painting’s first exhibition in 1782 had it that the artist ate raw pork for inspiration. On the stand at the lower left are glass and clay jars which some critics suggest could contain laudanum, while the central figures are framed by a burgundy drape in the background which matches the sheet on which the prone female lies. The animal in the upper left has pale eyes with no iris or pupils visible, while the figure atop the woman looks at the viewer pensively with his left hand cradling his chin. Loaded with sexual overtones and featuring a horse looking on while an incubus sits on a sleeping woman’s chest, for 10 points, name this work by Henry Fuseli depicting a bad dream. ANSWER: The Nightmare

5. In 1992, Robert Abrams defeated this politician in the New York Democratic Senate primary for the seat that eventually stayed with incumbent Al D’Amato. Previously serving three terms in the House as the representative of New York’s Ninth district, after a televised debate with this politician, George H.W. Bush was caught by an open microphone saying he “kicked a little ass.” A revelation that this politician’s real-estate broker spouse had not submitted tax returns caused controversy to the presidential ticket that included this Democrat. FTP, name this politician, who recently quit as an advisor to the Clinton campaign over comments that Obama got preferential treatment because of his race, best known for being Walter Mondale’s running mate in the 1984 presidential election. ANSWER: Geraldine Ferraro

6. “Zeinab and Kathema” and “The Retrospect” are among the short poems of this author among the miscellany now called The Esdaile Notebook. His verse play satirizing George IV’s attempts to bar his wife Caroline from her privilege to the throne, Oedipus Tyrannus, or Swellfoot the Tyrant, was suppressed, as was an 1811 pamphlet which got him and Thomas Hogg expelled from Oxford, The Necessity of Atheism. Better known is his elegy which concludes that his friend’s soul “like a star,/Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are,” and his avian ode that begins, “Hail to thee, Blithe Spirit!” Author of “Adonais” and “To a Skylark” was, for 10 points, what Romantic who also wrote “Ode to the West Wind”? ANSWER: Percy Bysshe Shelley

7. Rhodium on carbon can be used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of benzene to reduce benzene into this molecule. Substituent atoms on this molecule are given the designation "axial" or "equatorial" based on their orientation to this molecule's planar structure. Partial twisting relieves the steric hindrance between its flagpole hydrogen atoms, and it was Hermann Sachse who first suggested the reason for the lack of angle strain proposed by Adolf von Baeyer, a theory which was later expanded on by Ernst Mohr, who suggested that it has a chair conformation which relieves that strain. For 10 points, name this cycloalkane which contains six carbons. ANSWER: Cyclohexane 8. Krishna was given the gem Syamantaka by the Hindu king of these animals, Jambavantha. Agrius and Oreus were half-human and half this creature before they were turned into birds, and another Greek myth has it that Atalanta was raised by one after being abandoned in the forest. Korean legend states that Tangun, founder of the nation, was born from a woman who had previously been one of these animals. The daughter of Lycaon was turned into one of these animals after Zeus raped her and impregnated her with Arcas, who later almost killed her while hunting. For 10 points, what is this animal into which the nymph Callisto was changed, and is represented in the stars by Ursa Major. ANSWER: bears

9. This band’s original bassist Alec Such has never “officially” been replaced, though Hugh Macdonald has played with them since 1994. According to Dr. David Thorpe, their 2003 acoustic greatest hits album proved that “Satan is firmly in control here on Earth.” That album, This Left Feels Right, featured a new song called “Last Man Standing” that this band would, two years later, rework for the album Have A Nice Day. For 10 points, identify this New Jersey band, whose singles from 1986’s Slippery When Wet include “Wanted: Dead or Alive,” “You Give Love a Bad Name,” and “Livin’ on a Prayer.” ANSWER: Bon Jovi

10. Modern knowledge of this group is partly derived from the Story of Wenamun which describes one example, the Tjeker. An inscription on a column at Karnak shows Ramses III standing on corpses of the Weshesh and Denyen, and some historians believe that Ramses II chose to come to terms quickly with the Hittites after Kadesh because of impending danger posed by this other group. Merneptah’s sending of grain to some neighbors leads to speculation that famine might have led to their series of invasions, and the best known of the group, the Peleset, is known to have settled in the Levant and become the Philistines. For 10 points, name these naval immigrant-invaders of Egypt in the twelfth and eleventh centuries BCE? ANSWER: Sea Peoples

11. The tenor aria “Dalla Sua Pace” and the soprano aria “Mi Tradi Quell’alma Ingrate” were both written into this opera after its first four performances, all of which were conducted by the composer himself. Only the protagonist of this opera can be said to live in the aesthetic sphere of existence, as he epitomizes “daemonic sensuousness,” according to Kierkegaard’s Either/Or. A prime example of dramma giocoso, which actually names its subtitle, the title character’s servant gets two prime songs, “Notte et Giorno Faticar” describing his tireless work to protect his master and the famous “Catalogue” aria in which his lovers are listed. Ending with the title lover dragged into hell by the statue of the Commendatore, for 10 points, name this opera by Mozart. ANSWER: Don Giovanni

12. Cryptasterina hystera is a rare example of a viviparous organism in this phylum. The skeletal plates of creatures in this phylum are made up of fine networks of calcium carbonate known as stereom. One member of this phylum, the Xyloplax [ZY-lo-plax], may represent a sixth class, but it may just be an unusual member of the Asteroidea class. Nearly all of its members are benthic, including sea lilies and sea cucumbers. They have a water vascular system, and many members move via tube feet. For 10 points, name this phylum of “spiny-skinned” creatures, including sand dollars, sea urchins, and starfish. ANSWER: Echinodermata or echinoderm

13. One mode of the title entity of this work is characterized as “de trop,” or “superfluous for all eternity.” The other mode is derived from the former through the process of neantisation, or nihilation, that causes it to lie “coiled in the heart of [the first title term]—like a worm.” That first mode is the en-soi (ahn-swah), while the latter is pour-soi (poo-swah), the latter of which roughly corresponds to the existence of human consciousness. This work includes the famous formulation that man is “condemned to be free,” and its second chapter examines a type of self-deception the author terms mauvais foi (mow-vay fwah), or bad faith. For 10 points, name this 1943 "Phenomenological Essay on Ontolog" by Jean-Paul Sartre. ANSWER: Being and Nothingness or Le Etre et le Neant [subtitle: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology]

14. Jacques Derrida argues that this resists itself in an essay examining “The History of Madness in the Age of [this method]” and it also finishes the title of Derrida’s collection, Resistances of [it]. Its founder called this process the third and final blow to humanity’s inflated view of its uniqueness, following the Copernican revolution and Darwin’s evolutionary theory. Using this practice on children was documented by Melanie Klein. First practiced on the patient called Anna O, for 10 points, name this method of “depth psychology” during which a patient talks about his problems in order to understand himself better, a practice developed by Sigmund Freud. ANSWER: psychoanalysis

15. The narrator of one of his poems “thought it was the Judgment-day” when the title event “Shook all our coffins as we lay,” and the speaker of another poem states that “every spirit upon earth Seemed fervourless as I.” In addition to “Channel Firing” and “The Darkling Thrush,” he wrote the novels Under the Greenwood Tree and The Woodlanders. Diggory and Thomasin get together after the death of Eustacia Vye and Wildeve, and Clym Yeobright becomes a preacher in a better known work, while the title character of another work commits suicide after his failed marriages to Arabella Donn and Sue Bridehead. For 10 points, identify this creator of the fictional Wessex County, who wrote The Return of the Native and Jude the Obscure. ANSWER: Thomas Hardy 16. General John E. Wool resigned instead of leading this campaign, though he participated in similar work in North Carolina. This campaign proceeded along the Bell and Benge routes, as well as the Northern, while the most common water route began at Ross’s Landing in Chattanooga. The complicity of Elias Boudinot and John Ridge in the agreement that led to this event got them killed by fellow tribesman long after John Ross appealed to Van Buren to allow tribal elders to lead smaller parties, greatly lessening the death toll. Taking place in 1838 and 39, for 10 points, name this forced removal of the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma. ANSWER: Trail of Tears [accept some combination of the words “removal” and “Cherokee”]

17. This process can be considered a form of semimartingale, especially in its applications to securities investment and gambling probability predictions. The mean-square displacement of a particle exhibiting this is shown by the equation r squared= 6k times T times Bt, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, and B is the mobility of the particle. Having a fractal dimension of 2, it is a Wiener process and can also be approximated using the Langevin (lan-zhuh-van) equation, and Jean Perrin used it to determine Avogadro's constant. First observed by its namesake in pollen grains suspended in water, For 10 points, name this type of random movement, an analysis of which which was characterized in a 1905 paper by Albert Einstein. ANSWER: Brownian Motion

18. In Act IV of this work, the title character disguises himself as a French lute player and uses a flower to poison his own slave, along with the prostitute Bellamira and her pimp Pilia-Borza. Its title character feigns his own death at the same time, prompting the governor of the title locale, Farneze, to order the body thrown over the city walls “as prey for vultures,” which works into the title character’s schemes, as it gives him access to Calymath, whom he shows a passage allowing Turkish troops to take the city. However, his later plan to kill Calymath backfires as he himself plummets into a boiling cauldron and his daughter Abigail converts to the Christianity he hates. For 10 points, name this play about a Semite named Barabas, by Christopher Marlowe. ANSWER: The Jew of Malta

19. Sexual innuendo abounds in a poem by this writer in which he describes a perfume that the love gods have given him which will make Fabullus want to turn into “one big nose.” That poem is one of his “Juventius” cycle, addressing a young male lover, while another cycle is the “Mentula,” Latin slang meaning “dick,” a term used to refer to Mamurra, an equestrian officer of Julius Caesar. These works survive due to the 1300 finding of the Codex Veronensis, which was being used plug up of a wine cask. He wrote "Ave atque vale" upon the death of his brother, and his Carmina are poems written to a woman described by Cicero as the Medea of the Palatine, the sister of Cloduis Pulcher. For 10 points, name this Roman poet who addressed Clodia as his erotic love- interest Lesbia. ANSWER: Gaius Valerius Catullus

20. What some considered abuses of this legal concept were seemingly halted by the decision in Wayne v. Hathcock in 2004, but a case just two years later allowed the substitution of the word “purpose” for “use” in one of its central requirements. The result of that ruling was greater likelihood that the Pfizer Corporation could build a research facility in Connecticut. That case, Kelo v. New London, involved a partial taking. In a complete taking, owners can be compensated for “loss of goodwill”, but this is rarely the case with easements. For 10 points, name this legal principle that allows governments to assume ownership of private property for public use provided that the owner is justly compensated. ANSWER: eminent domain

21. At the request of Barbara Heck, Philip Embury delivered the first American sermon of this denomination in America in 1766. In 1784 Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Vesey were installed as Elders of this denomination for America and sent there from Ireland, along with the author of “A Plan of the Society for the Establishment of Missions Among the Heathen,” Thomas Coke, as Superintendent. Those three men then ordained Coke’s fellow Superintendent, Francis Asbury. Beginning as a movement within the Church of England and retaining 25 of its 39 Articles, George Whitefield helped create, for 10 points, what church founded by Charles and John Wesley? ANSWER: Methodism or Methodist Church 2008 Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament - Playoff Packet 2 Packet by Chris Borglum Edited by Rob Carson, Andrew Hart, and Gautam Kandlikar

Bonuses

1. The plaintiff in this case was a laundry owner who appealed his $10 fine for making a female employee work more than 10 hours in one day in a Pacific Northwest state. For 10 points each: [10] Name this case that upheld a state law limiting working hours for women. ANSWER: Muller v. Oregon [10] In the Muller case, this future first Jewish Supreme Court justice filed a brief that utilized studies showing the pernicious effects of long work hours on women. ANSWER: Louis Brandeis [10] The Brandeis case did not overturn the precedent of this 1905 case that invalidated limits on the hours bakers (and other employees) could work as a breach of the right to free contract. ANSWER: Lochner v. New York

2. Answer the following about the character known as La Longue Carabine, even if you think you’ve never heard of him, for 10 points each. [10] La Longue Carabine is one nickname for this Fenimore Cooper-created literary character, the protagonist of five novels, two of which are titled after other nicknames: The Deerslayer and The Pathfinder. ANSWER: Natty Bumppo [10] Perhaps Bumppo’s closest friend is this tribal chieftain, who becomes the “Last of the Mohicans” after the death of his son, Uncas. ANSWER: Chingachgook [10] With given first name Marmaduke, and based on James Fenimore Cooper’s own father, this man arrested Bumppo after a dispute over a killed buck. ANSWER: Judge Temple

3. Name some Linkin Park songs that feature Time's 2006 Person of the Year...YOU! For 10 points each. [10] Linkin Park can't feel you there, because they've become so tired and so much more aware in this song. ANSWER: Numb [10] In this Linkin Park song, the band complains that "You've become a part of me, You'll always be right here, You've become a part of me, You'll always be my fear" before screaming "I've let myself become YOU!" ANSWER: Figure.09 [10] You didn't look out below, and watched the time go right out the window in this Linkin Park smash hit, whose chorus claims that in the titular time period, "it doesn't even matter." ANSWER: In the End

4. Answer the following about the endocrine system for 10 points. [10] Hormones drift in the blood until they find receptors on specific cells, which are given this name. ANSWER: target cells [10] The second messenger of a hormone relays information into the cell; the best known second messenger is this substance, the formation of which from ATP is catalyzed by adenylate cyclase. ANSWER: cyclic AMP [accept c-AMP read as letters] [10] In the cyclic AMP second messenger system, hormone receptors do not connect directly to adenylate cyclase, but to these proteins, which act as “molecular switches.” ANSWER: G proteins or guanine nucleotide-binding proteins

5. Identify these branches and schools of Islam, for 10 points each. [10] This sect of Islam holds special reverence for some bungler who submitted to an ill-advised arbitration, his son who spent his most of his days being paid by the Umayyads to sleep with whores, and his grandson who was like, “Yeah, I’m going to try to defeat the Umayyad army with around twenty dudes at Karbala, oh snap, I lost!” For some reason, it’s really popular in Iran and Iraq. ANSWER: Shi’ism [accept Shi’ite or Shi’a] [10] This conservative movement within Sunni Islam, named for its eighteenth-century developer, emphasizes tawhid, or God’s uniqueness, and is dominant in Saudi Arabia. ANSWER: Wahhabism or Wahhabi or al-Wahabbiya [10] Derived from the Arabic for “ancestors”, some consider this term as interchangeable with Wahhabism, with which it shares an antipathy toward innovations in the faith, while others argue that because it predates Wahhabism, the latter is also an innovation. ANSWER: Salafism 6. Answer the following about one of China’s four classic novels, for 10 points each. [10] This sixteenth century picaresque work describes a Buddhist monks trip to India to bring back sacred texts. ANSWER: Journey to the West or Monkey or some Chinese stuff [10] Born from a stone, this companion of the Buddhist monk on his journey can cover 180,000 miles in a single leap and can take on 72 different forms. ANSWER: Sun Wukong or the Monkey King [or Monkey Emperor; prompt on "Monkey"] [10] Sun Wukong is the character Monkey in the title of the most-famous abridged English translation of Journey to the West, produced by this noted British translator of Asian texts. ANSWER: Arthur Waley

7. You could do this in your lab with just a Leibigs condenser and a flask. For 10 points each: [10] What is this process of separating a mixture of compounds with different boiling points? ANSWER: fractional distillation [10] This is the name given to a mixture of two substances which is not able to be separated by fractional distillation because its composition does not change upon boiling. ANSWER: azeotrope or azeotropic mixture [10] One common method of distillation of azeotropes is to run the mixture through one of these materials which allow adsorption of tiny molecules which can fit through its pores, straining out larger molecules. ANSWER: molecular sieve

8. Identify these movies you could watch this spring in Borglum’s Film Noir class at Valencia (WHILE SMOKING WEED AND DOING LINES OF COKE OFF OF HOT SORORITY GIRLS IN A HOT TUB), for 10 points each. [10] Starring Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe, this 1946 classic was adapted by William Faulkner and others from a Raymond Chandler novel of the same name. ANSWER: The Big Sleep [10] Joan Crawford won the 1946 Oscar for Best Actress for portraying this title character who spoils her daughter Veda, who eventually has an affair with and later kills her stepfather. ANSWER: Mildred Pierce [10] This 1974 neo-noir was nominated for Best Picture and features Jack Nicholson as Jake Giddes, who fails to rescue the incestuously abused Evelyn Mulwray or her daughter from her diabolical father, Noah Cross. ANSWER: Chinatown

9. This emperor established his capital at Fatehpur Sikri. For 10 points each: [10] Name this ruler whose regent was Bayram Khan, as this grandson of Babur was only 13 when he attained the throne. ANSWER: Akbar the Great or Akbar-e-Azam [10] Akbar’s forces defeated a Hindu army at this site in 1556, the same area in which his grandfather defeated Ibrahim Lodi 30 years before. ANSWER: Panipat [accept Second Battle of Panipat] [10] Akbar came to power when this father of his slipped on some marble steps and broke his neck in 1555. ANSWER: Humayun

10. One famous episode from this work has the Christian warrior Tancred unwittingly slaying his lover, the pagan warrior-maiden Clorinda, who accepts Christianity as she dies in his arms. For 10 points each: [10] Name this fictionalization of the First Crusade. ANSWER: Jerusalem Delivered or La Gerusalemme Liberata [10] This Italian wrote Jerusalem Delivered. ANSWER: Torquato Tasso [10] After leading away a group of Crusaders whom she turns into animals, this witch falls in love with one of them, Rinaldo, who first abandons her but later saves her from suicide. ANSWER: Armida

11. Answer the following about a giantess and her spawn, for 10 points each. [10] With Loki this giantess was the mother of Jormungand, among others. ANSWER: Angrboda [10] This giant wolf who bit off Tyr’s hand when he was bound by Gleipner was another of the spawns of Loki and Angrboda. ANSWER: Fenrir or Fenris wolf [10] In some versions of the myth, Angrboda was also the mother, with her own son Fenrir, of two giant wolves, one of which chases the chariot of the sun, while the other chases the moon. Name the sun-chaser, whose brother is Hati. ANSWER: Skoll 12. Stuff about a contemporary theory in physics, for 10 points each. [10] This name describes a theory of the strong interactions which bind together quarks and hadrons and which proposes quarks’ color as the conserved charge. ANSWER: Quantum Chromodynamics (acc. QCD) [10] QCD is an example of this type of theory, the dynamics of which originate from a symmetry, and the formulae of which are unchanged under certain transformations. ANSWER: gauge theory [10] Some of the most accurate tests of QCD have come from this sub-field of it applicable in energy regimes in which the strong coupling constant is small. ANSWER: Perturbative QCD

13. Henry Goulburn and James Lord Gambier were British delegates to the signing of this treaty. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Belgium-signed treaty that ended the War of 1812. ANSWER: Treaty of Ghent [10] The Treaty of Ghent was almost obviated by the Dearborn-Prevost Armistice of August, 1814, but Madison wouldn’t ratify it because it included no prohibitions on this forced taking of US sailors by British ships. ANSWER: impressment (accept variants like “impressing”) [10] This Swiss-born American diplomat was a heavily involved negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Ghent, as well as the longest-serving American Secretary of the Treasury. ANSWER: Albert Gallatin

14. Peaks in this range include Mt. Rainier and Mt. St. Helens. For 10 points each: [10] Name this mountain range that runs along the North American northwest from southern British Columbia through Washington into Oregon. ANSWER: Cascade Range [10] The Cascades run along the Cascadia Subduction Zone which separates the eastern edge of this tectonic plate from the North American Plate. ANSWER: Juan de Fuca Plate [10] This tallest mountain of Oregon, clearly visible from Portland, is part of the Cascades. ANSWER: Mt. Hood

15. After solids, liquids, and gases, it is usually considered the fourth state of matter. For 10 points each: [10] Making up most of the visible and perhaps invisible substance of the universe is this form comprising ionized and macroscopically neutral gases. ANSWER: plasma [10] This term named for a Dutch scientist describes the distance within which mobile charge carriers screen out the external electric field. ANSWER: Debye length [10] Plasma comprises this ejection from the outer surface of the sun that contains roughly an equal amount of electrons and protons. ANSWER: solar wind

16. Stuff about a notable British prime minister, for 10 points each. [10] This Whig pretty much created the position while serving George I and George II. ANSWER: Robert Walpole [10] Walpole began solidifying his power in George I’s cabinet in the aftermath of this frenzy of speculation culminating in a 1721 investigation in which many cabinet members were disgraced. ANSWER: South Sea Bubble [10] One event presaging Walpole’s fall from power was public anger over his efforts to forestall the execution of this Edinburgh City Guard captain who ordered men to fire into a crowd during his namesake riots. ANSWER: Captain John Porteous (the Porteous Riots)

17. From 1930 until its closure by the Nazis, it was led by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. For 10 points each: [10] First, name this influential German fine arts and crafts design institution. ANSWER: Staatliches Bauhaus [10] This architect founded the Bauhaus in 1919. ANSWER: Walter Gropius [10] Though it began in Weimar and had a brief ending in Berlin, the Bauhaus is most associated with this German city where its Gropius-designed building is still a design school. ANSWER: Dessau 18. For 10 points each, identify the following ocean currents that flow around the coasts of North and South America. [10] This warm current flows along the eastern coast of the United States, and it later becomes the North Atlantic Drift. Winslow Homer painted a work with this name. ANSWER: Gulf Stream [10] This north-flowing cold current results when a part of the Antarctic Circumpolar current branches off at Cape Horn. It meets the Brazil Current near the mouth of Rio de la Plata. ANSWER: Falkland Current or Malvinas Current [10] Flowing southeast from the Hudson strait, this current is a continuation of the Baffin Island current. It meets the Gulf Stream near Newfoundland. ANSWER: Labrador Current

19. His compositions include Fanfare for the Common Man and El Salon Mexico. For 10 points each: [10] Name this American composer of the opera Billy the Kid and Rodeo. ANSWER: Aaron Copland [10] Originally performed as a 14-movement ballet, this Copland work is set near a namesake mountain range. The plot revolves around a group of pioneers’ celebration of the titular season after building a Pennsylvania farmhouse. ANSWER: Appalachian Spring [10] This Copland composition uses spoken-word monologue of speeches given by the title politician, as well as such American folk songs as "Camptown Races" and "Springfield Mountain." ANSWER: Lincoln Portrait

20. Answer the following about a tribe originating in East Germany, for 10 points each. [10] Under Gunderic this people became the first Germanic tribe with a Mediterranean navy. Also, they sacked Rome in 455, with their king making off with the empress Eudoxia. ANSWER: Vandals [10] The Vandal king at the time of the sack of Rome was this “spear-king” under whom the Vandals achieved their peak of power. ANSWER: Gaiseric or Genseric [10] Legend has it that this pope convinced Gaiseric to keep his men to only plundering Rome, avoiding wholesale rape and murder, just three years after also having such a heart-to-heart with Attila. ANSWER: Leo I