Model Studies

Mixed C&D Processors: A Model for Local Government Recycling and Waste Reduction

Overview flooring, glass, metal, paint, plastic, wood, other, During the past decade, a new generation of and all types. recyclers has developed throughout the state of Many communities have also prepared C&D California. Hundreds of businesses reuse, recycle, recycling guides to provide to residents, and compost materials source-separated from contractors, and developers when they are seeking construction and demolition (C&D) projects. A construction or demolition permits from the significant new development, however, is the community. Some good examples of these guides availability of mixed C&D processors. are the Los Angeles and Alameda County C&D Mixed C&D processors accept C&D materials in a recycling guides (see References contact list). mixed form and process them for recovery. As an indication of the scope and diversity of Processors use a variety of hand labor, specialized C&D recyclers, Alameda County includes materials handling equipment, and mechanized information on reuse, recycling, or composting the sorting systems to accomplish this heavy task. following C&D materials: Communities that have a mixed C&D processor  Asphalt within an economical haul distance can now be comfortable in requiring that most C&D debris  Bricks (broken) generated in their communities be processed for  Ceramic tiles maximum recovery prior to landfilling. If mixed C&D processing facilities are not available,  Cinder blocks communities could work to develop them or issue  Clay roofing tiles a request for proposals for the service of mixed  Concrete (clean) C&D processing.  Concrete roofing tiles This study highlights the services that are now available in some communities and how local  Concrete w/rebar governments can use these services to help meet  Dirt-clean fill the requirements of the Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939, Sher, Chapter  Dirt w/ gravel and rock 1095, Statutes of 1989 as amended [IWMA]).  Dismantling Program Characteristics  Deconstruction There are hundreds of independent companies that  Drywall/Gypsum are currently able to provide reuse, recycling, and composting services for materials recovered from  Garage doors construction and demolition projects. The  Lava rock California Integrated Waste Management Board  Plumbing supplies (CIWMB) has a list of many of these facilities posted on their Web site at www.ciwmb.ca.gov/  Plywood (scrap) ConDemo/Recyclers/. Approximately 400 C&D  Rock/Gravel (clean) recyclers are listed on this Web site, which users can search by county and by types of materials.  Roof shingles (wood) The types of materials listed are general,  Sheetrock appliances, asphalt, brick, concrete, drywall,  Sinks—porcelain (broken) or it could be associated with a landfill ban or source-separation requirement.  Tile/Masonry In a comprehensive C&D plan adopted October 1,  Toilets (broken) 1999, in Hawthorne, the city required their  Window screens franchise hauler to reuse, recycle, or compost all C&D materials to the maximum extent possible.  Wood (treated or painted) No greater than 10 percent of C&D materials  Wood pallets (broken) collected under the exclusive franchise is allowed  Wood scraps (untreated) to be taken directly to a landfill by the franchised hauler for disposal or use as alternative daily cover In the City of Los Angeles, the Bureau of in a landfill. Instead, to the fullest extent possible, Sanitation, Solid Resources Citywide Recycling all C&D materials collected under the exclusive Division (SRCRD) provides the following guides franchise are required to be processed to recover to recycle C&D materials: all reusable, recyclable, and compostable  “Construction & Demolition Waste materials. Recycling Guide” The Hawthorne C&D plan stipulated, “In no event  “Wood You Recycle?” should less than 90% of C&D materials be taken to a facility for preprocessing for reuse, recycling These free guides provide recycling tips and a list or composting. Processing residue may be used as of recycling companies for the various materials. ADC [alternative daily cover], and as a last resort, Information can also be obtained online from landfilled.” In addition, the Hawthorne C&D plan www.cityofla.org/SAN/services/cdrecycl.htm. The set a short-term goal of achieving 50 percent City of Los Angeles generously offers its guide to diversion for all C&D materials for the franchised other communities to reprint or use as the basis for hauler. developing their own local guides. All this was possible because Hawthorne Local government public works, building determined that it would be cost-effective for their department, and/or planning staffs are in a position franchised hauler to take 90 percent of their C&D to help educate residents, contractors, and debris to either source-separated or mixed C&D developers about service options through the processors when compared to other transfer station distribution of such guides and literature at their or landfill options. This was only possible because permit counters and service desks. of the availability of mixed C&D processors in the Mixed C&D Processors and Haulers area. The new C&D recycling facilities in California are Known processors of mixed C&D materials in able to reuse, recycle, and/or compost materials California are: from mixed loads of C&D debris. These service providers vary in their recycling processes, Bradley Landfill and Recycling Center, Sun capacity, diversion rates, reporting systems, Valley (see page 5). specifications, and collection services. However, Community Recycling and Resource they all offer the opportunity for local Recovery Transfer Station, Sun Valley (see governments to consider a range of new policies page 5). and programs that could result in much greater recycling of C&D debris than in the past (see Looney Bins, Sun Valley (see page 6). companion model study, “C&D Plans and Zanker Road Landfill, San Jose (see page 6). Policies, ” CIWMB Publication #310-01-014). Monterey Regional Waste Management In some communities, it may be feasible now to District, Marina. Materials recovered: require all C&D debris be processed before being concrete and asphalt ground periodically for landfilled. This requirement could apply to a road base; wood ground for soil amendments; franchised hauler only (as in Hawthorne, Calif.), metal trucked off-site for sale; new sheetrock —ground for use with compost; cardboard— Equipment used: concrete crusher; horizontal sold to local franchised hauler; inert fine grinder; sorting line. material used for daily cover at landfill. Processing method: recyclables pulled from mixed Equipment used: wood grinder; concrete and loads. asphalt crusher (brought in when the pile reaches Atlas Disposal, Sacramento. Materials recovered: 50,000 tons to make crushed miscellaneous base metal placed loosely into 40-cubic-yard bins or [CMB]); screen for fines. onto high sides for sale off site; wood ground on C&D recovery rate: 60 percent for C&D that goes site with horizontal grinder for sale as soil to the materials recovery facility (MRF), of which amendment; cardboard loosely placed into bins for 40 percent is fine material for landfill use. The sale off site. MRF is adjacent to the landfill, and it processes Equipment used: front-end loaders and excavators 300 tons per day. with grapplers. Sunnyvale Materials Recovery and Transfer Processing methods: hand labor pulls from mixed Station. Materials recovered/end use: unpainted loads; excavator with grappler. wood—ground for soil amendments; concrete and asphalt—sent to Raisch Products for grinding into Recovery rate: 74 percent of C&D waste stream is CMB; metals—loosely placed into rolloff bins for recovered; facility only accepts C&D material. sale; cardboard—loosely placed into rolloffs for L&D Landfill, Sacramento. Materials baling and sale off site; experimenting with recovered/end use: Cardboard; green waste; scrap sheetrock processing and uses. metal; wood; concrete and asphalt are used on site Equipment used: chipper for wood and yard waste. for winter decking. Processing methods: floor sorting; forklifts; front- Equipment used: front-end loader. end loaders. Processing methods: hand labor pulls from mixed C&D recovery rate: 55 percent in 1999; receives loads. Materials are loaded into bins and shipped 80 tons per day of C&D material; recovery of off site for processing. C&D constitutes about 20 percent of all materials C&D recovery rate: 20 percent. (including municipal) received at site. Raisch Products has a grinding facility adjacent to the site NorCAL, Tunnel Avenue, San Francisco. that takes care of all concrete and asphalt received. Materials recovered/end use: wood, metal, corrugated cardboard, asphalt, concrete, brick, Western Placer Waste Management Authority. clean fill, and dirt. Materials recovered/end use: unpainted and some painted wood–ground up for local co-generation Equipment used: shaker screen, incline conveyor. plant; concrete and asphalt—sent to landfill for Processing method: positive sorting via sort winter decking and haul roads; light metals baled stations with rolloffs underneath. and heavy metals placed loosely into rolloffs for sale off site. C&D recovery rate: 80 percent recovery for the materials that go over the line. About 50 percent of Equipment used: front-end loaders. loads go through the line. Some clean loads go Recovery methods: hand-sorting from floor and straight to markets. Line does not have capacity loaders pull materials from mixed C&D loads. for all C&D that could be sorted. Currently Receives about 40 tons per day of C&D material. obtaining permits to run sort line for more hours to increase processing capacity. Florin-Perkins Transfer Station, Sacramento. Materials recovered/end use: concrete ground into Other mixed C&D processing facilities include: road base; drywall screened and sold for farming  Davis Street Transfer Station, San Leandro. applications; wood—run through horizontal grinder and sold for mulch or co-generation.  Santa Barbara County Transfer Station.  Morberg Industries, Santa Barbara. combination of manual labor (sorting from the floor), front-end loaders or excavators with  Paramount Resource Recovery. grapplers, and high-capacity mechanical  Consolidated. processing systems. Each facility varies in terms Mixed C&D processors provide an important of how much hand labor and equipment they use. alternative to disposing C&D debris in landfills. In addition, facilities may have grinders or bring in The material can be processed and recycled even if crushers. the C&D debris is mixed together at the site and The companies take in loads from their own transported in mixed loads. Mixed C&D vehicles as well as accepting all types of source- processors are interested in working with other separated and mixed C&D loads from other cities to develop customized C&D recycling plans haulers for a per-ton tip fee. and subcontract with local haulers. Most of them Many of these facilities are easily accessible. The offer negotiated rates for major accounts. Sun Valley facilities are all directly off Interstate 5 Analysis of Mixed C&D Services in Los Angeles. Zanker is directly off Route 237 in The following is a summary of the range of the heart of Silicon Valley in San Jose. services that are available for hauling and Recycling Rates. Diversion rates vary by processing mixed loads of C&D materials based company, by use of manual or mechanical on the facilities noted above. processes, by source-separated versus mixed Hauling Services. Many of the companies debris processing, and by materials handled. highlighted above also provide hauling services Processing Zanker’s source-separated materials for construction and demolition debris. such as concrete, asphalt, and wood may achieve Mixed C&D loads are taken back to processing as high as a 100 percent recycling rate because the yards for sorting out recyclable materials. facility only accepts clean materials. Materials sorted include wood, gypsum drywall, Mixed debris processing can vary from 10 percent, scrap metals, mixed C&D materials (for example, when manual labor is used, to 95 percent, when brick, wood, metal and/or concrete combinations) high capacity equipment is used. Facilities vary on and salvageable items. One company estimates the degree to which they are able to provide that about 50 percent of the loads it pulls are taken auditable documentation of their recycling rates to its yard, and the recovery rate from those loads for loads processed, particularly for mixed debris is about 60 percent. Two companies accept fully processing. Estimated recycling rates from mixed loads of C&D materials at their sites, from companies are difficult to use for substantiating both private haulers and from their own hauling IWMA diversion. operations. Comparative Costs at Mixed C&D Debris In some cases, companies haul source-separated Centers. At facilities that accept mixed debris materials (for example, concrete, wood, or scrap loads, tipping costs may be equal to or lower than metal) directly to recycling processors. landfills, depending on the load and the location. Contractors are required to place separated loads High-volume prices would assure a lower tipping in trucks or rolloff bins and keep them free of fee at these centers. Tipping fees for clean source- other materials so that they can be accepted at the separated loads are much lower for materials such recycling center. as concrete, asphalt, wood, and green waste. For Most of these companies are interested in example, the disposal fee at the Bradley Landfill- subcontracting C&D recycling services with local recycling center is $34 per ton, but its recycling haulers, where appropriate. Some stated that lower facility accepts clean wood loads for as low as $20 rates could be negotiated if a local hauler per ton. established a regular account with their company. Company End Products. One of the important Processing. Most companies process fully mixed features of both source-separated and mixed debris loads of C&D materials at their sites, using a processors is that they produce recycled end products rather than merely landfilling materials. daily cover or infill for Bradley’s inert disposal These products include recycled road base portion of the site (which has a mine reclamation produced from crushed concrete and asphalt, soil plan for closure). amendments and compost material produced from Bradley is planning to expand its mixed C&D recycled wood, and scrap metal. In addition, used programs in 2000 and, and the company sees this building materials and architectural salvage create as a major opportunity for helping cities meet their other important opportunities for reuse, diversion goals. Bradley asserts that it’s cheaper to particularly from dismantling and “decon- recycle C&D materials than to dispose of them struction” projects. New markets are also and that all uses comply with IWMA developing for gypsum drywall, used carpeting, requirements. and other C&D debris. Bradley counts all materials processed at the Clearly, C&D debris need no longer be landfilled recycling area site as recycled, including or taken to transfer stations where mixed C&D alternative daily cover (ADC), slope application, debris processing facilities exist. In fact, around and inert fill. the nation, C&D recyclers are increasingly reporting 80 to 95 percent diversion rates from Materials recycled include concrete, rock, asphalt, C&D processing facilities. In some areas of scrap wood, scrap metal, bricks, tree trimmings, California, facilities are available for haulers to yard trimmings, drywall, inert materials, roofing achieve those levels of diversion. Several facilities materials, clean soils, asphalt chunks and asphalt are working to expand their mixed C&D grindings, and concrete with limited rebar. processing capabilities. This is due to the Community Recycling & Resource Recovery. tremendous opportunities that recycling mixed Community Recycling began operations in 1974 C&D present in helping to meet IWMA diversion as a permitted transfer station. The company has goals. since expanded its Sun Valley operations to Examples of Mixed C&D Processors include a mixed waste processing facility, Summaries of some of the mixed C&D processors recycling facilities for source-separated are provided below. commodities such as paper, wood, yard trimmings, and supermarket produce, a mixed construction Bradley Landfill and Recycling Center. Bradley and demolition processing facility, and a fully Landfill and Recycling Center is a fully permitted permitted compost facility in Lamont, Calif. Class III landfill in Sun Valley owned and Community Recycling also owns and operates operated by Waste Management, Inc. In addition farmland near its compost site in Lamont. to disposal operations for all non-hazardous solid waste, it has a new mixed C&D operation located Community Recycling owns three recycling in a separate area from its disposal area. Incoming operations in Sun Valley, Calif. The Sun Valley trucks with recyclable materials have the option of location covers 14 acres. The total current amount driving up to the recycling areas with their of material processed, including all activities, is materials, which results in cost savings to the between 3,000 and 3,500 tons per day. Additional hauler. capacity is being developed. The Bradley center contains two recycling areas. One facility sorts materials from mixed The first is for clean wood and green materials construction and demolition debris using both (ground in a tub grinder for soil amendments), manual and mechanical processing systems. It chipped wood for particle board, and biofuel. The takes in loads from its own vehicles and it accepts other area is for “dirty” mixed loads of wood all types of mixed C&D debris from other haulers roofing materials with large amounts of for a per-ton tip fee. contaminants and tarpaper. These materials are Community Recycling began its mixed C&D processed by a high-capacity horizontal grinder processing operations in the wake of the and used for daily cover or erosion control on Northridge Earthquake. The company set up slopes. Inert materials are also crushed for use as recycling operations to process mixed earthquake debris and were able to achieve an average program resulted in a diversion rate of 97 percent recovery rate of 84 percent diversion. for all the street sweepings. The program is now being offered throughout the Los Angeles County Since that impressive start, Community Recycling area and now includes the cities of Carson, Santa currently processes about 500 to 700 tons per day Monica, and portions of Los Angeles and of C&D debris, and it has a capacity of about Glendale. A pilot program to recycle beach debris 1,000 tons per day. The facility has purchased a in Santa Monica is also being undertaken. state-of-the-art European mechanical system that will be operating soon on the same property. This Community Recycling also recycles street system will increase its capabilities to accept more sweepings, mixed public works debris, and bulky than 2,000 tons per day. The new system will also waste from special residential and alley and lot yield higher diversion rates and higher quality end cleanups. Diversion rates average about 60 to 75 products. percent for mixed public works and bulky waste loads. These types of recycling activities are Tip fees for regular customers are comparable to included in the company’s C&D processing area transfer stations. The facility can guarantee an operations. average of 75 to 80 percent diversion— documented monthly through a computerized Materials separated from mixed C&D debris for reporting system—from fully mixed C&D loads. recycling at this location include asphalt, In 1999 the average facilitywide diversion rate cardboard, concrete, concrete and clay roofing was 88 percent. Loads are weighed in at the gate, tiles, brick, plaster, gypsum, wood, yard waste, and the monthly reporting system has been metals, and dirt. accepted by both local and State agencies. Looney Bins. Looney Bins is a hauling service in Community Recycling will accept transfer trailer the Los Angeles area. It services movie studios loads as well as any size smaller vehicle or bin. and construction and demolition accounts, many The facility accepts loads on a 24-hour basis, 7 of which are tenant improvements. days a week, making it convenient for haulers Looney Bins takes mixed loads to its yard in Sun battling the traffic in the Los Angeles region. Valley for sorting when the loads have enough Community Recycling is also in the process of recyclable materials. About 50 percent of the opening a new C&D facility on the Carson/Long mixed loads are taken to the yard for recycling. Beach border. The company will transfer loads for Looney Bins estimates that the recovery rate of processing at the Sun Valley location. Rate those loads is 60 percent. Most of the C&D loads schedules will be competitive with current area from which materials are recovered are mixed disposal tipping fees for rolloff loads. loads. All loads delivered to Sun Valley and the new Materials recovered at its site include asphalt, Carson/Long Beach facility are weighed in and a concrete, soils, ferrous and some non-ferrous written diversion report provided monthly with metals, wire, wood, cardboard, and gypsum invoices to customers upon request. drywall. The company uses 10-, 20- and 40- cubic yard rolloffs to haul materials. Sometimes it Community Recycling also serves the Los Angeles subcontracts to a hauler for low-side semi-end movie industry and related attractions. Studios dumps for inert materials such as concrete. Looney with excellent source-separation programs use the Bins weighs incoming bins and reports diversion company’s services to further divert materials rates to accounts or municipalities when required from mixed loads. Community recycling is or requested. currently providing services to Universal Studios, Warner Bros. Studios, and DreamWorks SKG Zanker Road Landfill. Zanker Road Resource Animation Studio in Glendale. Management Ltd., (ZRRML) is nationally recognized for its landfill, recycling, and Community Recycling has recently collaborated composting facilities in San Jose. ZRRML owns on a pilot program to recycle municipal street and operates three major recycling and composting sweepings in the City of Long Beach. That pilot facilities in the San Jose area. Its primary facility, Zanker also operates a concrete recycling the Zanker Road Landfill (Zanker) has had a 90 operation. Clean concrete, reinforced concrete, percent overall diversion rate for the past three asphalt, bricks, and porcelain—along with years. Zanker currently processes and markets concrete materials recovered from the demolition yard waste and compost, wood waste, cardboard, operation—are processed in this recycling gypsum, concrete, clean and mixed demolition operation. Materials received are screened and debris, metals, and bulky items. crushed. A magnetic belt removes steel. Wood, plastics, loose metals, and trash are removed from Zanker began its operations in 1985 as a Class III these materials. The crushed aggregate is screened landfill and recycling facility. Over the years, it to 3/4-inch minus and sold as a Class II base rock. has developed into a major full-service resource management, composting, and recycling facility, Metals are collected from several areas at the as well as a landfill. The Zanker facility currently Zanker facility, including the landfill face, the receives up to 1,300 tons per day. demolition debris recycling plant, and the concrete recycling plant. Bulky goods are also accepted in Zanker is now expanding its San Jose operations this area. White goods are checked for CFCs and with another facility just for the recycling of oil. The items are then dismantled, with the construction and demolition debris and wood recycled materials being brought to the proper area waste in San Jose. This Zanker Materials at Zanker for processing and transport to market. Recovery Facility (ZMRF) is the former Owens Corning Landfill, located near the original Zanker Yard waste received at Zanker is screened and Road Landfill. ZMRF has been fully permitted to fully composted. The composting process is process up to 1,250 tons per day. approximately 12 weeks; the finished materials are then screened to remove wood and rocks. The The operation at Zanker began with wood waste finished compost is uniform in size and sold processing. This plant accepts clean wood loads directly to landscapers and contractors. and wood separated from mixed loads that is self- hauled by residents and businesses. The wood is Additional materials recycled at Zanker and ground, screened, then sold as biomass fuel, ZMRF are gypsum wallboard, asphalt roofing, mulch, and soil amendments. The wood- wood shingle roofing, and Nylon 6 carpeting. processing operation will be moved to the ZMRF The material produced from the C&D processing in the near future. is sold mostly to construction and paving In 1988, Zanker began its mixed C&D recycling contractors as Class II aggregate and engineered system. Most mixed C&D debris comes from fill. Wood is sold as biomass fuel and soil construction and demolition contractors or is self- amendments. Metals are separated and sold by hauled by residents. Zanker uses a unique “float categories, including tin, #2 unprepared steel, tank” and screening system designed specifically copper, brass, and aluminum. for these types of materials. Mixed C&D debris is Costs, Economics, and Benefits crushed, screened, and fed into the “float tank,” Comparative Costs at Mixed C&D Debris where heavy materials sink and wood floats. Centers. There may be an additional cost in some Wood is skimmed off the top and combined with cases to recycle mixed C&D at reuse, recycling, or other wood recycling operations. Concrete, composting facilities when compared to local asphalt, bricks, and mortar are recovered from the landfilling options. However, if C&D costs are bottom of the tank and then separated and considered on a project basis, increased costs for processed further into usable materials. mixed C&D processing may be offset through Currently a new C&D recycling facility is being savings from the recycling of other C&D materials constructed at the ZMRF. After completion of the (for example, clean concrete and scrap metal). new facility, the C&D recycling operation at High-volume prices would assure lower tipping Zanker will be discontinued and all C&D will be fees. Tipping fees for clean source-separated loads processed at the ZMRF. are much lower for materials such as concrete,  Adopting requirements that all C&D projects, asphalt, wood, and green waste. public or private, process all C&D debris before any can be landfilled. Communities could require their franchised haulers to use mixed C&D processing facilities, if  Adopting requirements that a city’s franchise they are available, and include whatever additional hauler process all C&D debris that it collects cost there may be as an “allowable cost” in the before any can be landfilled. next rate review process. Additional ideas for how local governments can From the descriptions of mixed C&D debris influence the amount of C&D recovered in their processing options, it is clear that C&D debris communities are highlighted in a companion could be recycled at rates between 80 to 95 model study, “C&D Plans and Policies,” in this percent with the proper combination of facilities in series (see References). an area. Facilities in some areas of the state are If mixed C&D processing facilities are not now available for haulers to achieve those levels available in a given area, communities could of diversion. Some of these facilities are also contact businesses involved with C&D debris and working to expand their mixed C&D processing explore with them what incentives and support capabilities. might be needed to help them develop new In other areas, communities may be able to help facilities in their area. local businesses develop local facilities. They Alternatively, many of the companies listed in this could attract one of the existing mixed C&D model study are interested in expanding their recyclers highlighted in this model study to activities. Communities could issue a request for expand to their area. When communities consider proposals for the service of mixed C&D the risk of $10,000 per day fines under the IWMA, processing. An RFP would be particularly it makes sense to maximize the amount of appropriate if a community had land available that materials diverted from C&D. could be used by a private contractor on a leased basis to provide these services in the area (either Local Government Challenges under contract to the community, or through and Opportunities independent third-party transactions). The availability of these new facilities is of great An RFP could be enhanced if connected with a significance to local governments. Where these funding system (for example, a deposit system, as mixed C&D processing facilities exist, local described in the C&D Recycling Plans and governments can encourage or require the Policies model study) that provided some funding processing of all or portions of C&D materials. or incentives for mixed C&D processing in that Different tools could be used to accomplish this community. goal, such as:  Providing incentives of lower city fees, where Disaster Debris Plans The Northridge earthquake is a good example of the contractor preprocesses all C&D materials how a local government disaster debris plan could or meets targeted diversion goals. be creatively used to foster the development of  Providing technical assistance to residents, new recycling services. contractors, and developers on where to take During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the City C&D debris to reuse, recycle, or compost it of Los Angeles made arrangements with a number (including providing guides on counters of of C&D processors to handle the debris generated permit-issuing departments). from that earthquake. The city arranged with the  Adopting requirements to preprocess all C&D Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) generated from city-sponsored construction to reimburse the city’s C&D contractors for their and demolition projects. processing of this debris. Literally millions of dollars were spent on the cleanup of that earthquake. Much of that money was invested in developing the mixed C&D recycling systems that California Integrated Waste Management Board are clustered around Sun Valley, California. Public Affairs Office, Publications Clearinghouse (MS-6) The CIWMB has a model disaster debris 1001 I Street management plan available on its Web site. P.O. Box 4025 (mailing address) Communities could adopt disaster debris Sacramento, CA 95812-4025 management plans that have made arrangements in the case of natural disasters (including floods, The CIWMB has published a series of fact sheets, earthquakes, fires) to reuse, recycle, and/or case studies, and resource lists on construction and compost the C&D debris from those events. In the demolition recycling. Of particular interest on the planning process, communities could identify the topic of C&D recycling is publication #310-01- facilities available, contact those facilities to make 014, “C&D Recycling Plans and Policies: A contingency plans for different types of disasters, Model for Local Government Recycling and and clear in advance those plans with FEMA and Waste Reduction.” other regulatory agencies. Contacts Then, when a disaster strikes, communities can Office of Local Assistance, CIWMB. (916) 341- maximize reuse, recycling, and composting and 6199. [email protected]. build new infrastructure in the community. Tom Estes, C&D Recycling Program, CIWMB. (916) 341-6474, [email protected] Tips for Replication  Identify services available from local C&D Wendy Sommer, Alameda County Waste haulers and processors. Use the CIWMB Web Management Authority. (510) 614-1699, site to identify recyclers in your area. Contact [email protected]. Also view Alameda other neighboring cities and counties to obtain County C&D recyclers information at directories and guides to C&D recycling. If www.stopwaste.org/fsrecycle.html. there are no mixed C&D processors in your Lupe Vela, City of Los Angeles, Solid Resources area, contact those listed in this model study to Citywide Recycling Division (SRCRD), 433 S. see if they can offer services in your area (see Spring St., Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA 90013. list of contacts below). (213) 473-8228 or (213) 847-0144,  Consider helping existing C&D recyclers in [email protected] or your area to expand their own capabilities to [email protected], or view C&D recycling process mixed C&D. Consider commitments info at www.lacity.org/SAN/srcrd/index.htm. of tonnages from city projects or direct Robert Vanekoven, Atlas Disposal, Sacramento. financial assistance (grants or loans) to (916) 737-0100. encourage their investment. Riel Johnson, Bradley Landfill & Recycling  Incorporate mixed C&D processing into Center, Waste Management Inc., 9081 Tujunga disaster debris planning for your area. Avenue, Sun Valley, CA 91352. (818) 252-3143, [email protected]. References Alex Dmitriew, Community Recycling & CIWMB Publications Resource Recovery, 9189 DeGarmo Avenue, Sun Many CIWMB publications are available on the Valley, CA 91352. (818) 767-6000, Board’s Web site at: [email protected]. www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/. Florin-Perkins Transfer Station, Sacramento. (916) To order hard copy publications, call 1-800-CA- 383-2660. Waste (California only) or (916) 341-6306, or write: Kelly Ingalls, KMI Building Associates and Construction Materials Recycling Association, 2418 Bywood Drive, Glendale, CA 91206. (818) Mark Bowers and Ken Toy, Sunnyvale Materials 548-8996, [email protected]. Recovery and Transfer Station. (408) 730-7421. Wayne Schindler, L&D Landfill, Sacramento. Larry Buckle, Western Placer Waste Management (916) 737-8640. Authority. (916) 645-5180, Ext. 1011. Brian Borgatelli, Marborg Transfer Station, Santa Michael Gross, Zanker Road Landfill, 705 Los Barbara. (805) 963-1852. Esteros Road, San Jose, CA, 95134. (408) 263- 2384, [email protected] Rick Shedden, Monterey Regional Waste Management District. (831) 384-5313. Credits and Disclaimer The statements and conclusions in this summary Gary Liss & Associates prepared this study are those of the contractor and not necessarily pursuant to contract IWM-C8028 ($198,633, those of the California Integrated Waste included other services) with the University of Management Board, its employees, or the State of California at Santa Cruz for a series of 24 studies California. In addition, the data in this report was and summaries. provided by local sources but not independently verified. The State and its contractors make no The Board would like to thank the following warranty, express or implied, and assume no individuals who helped prepare this document: liability for the information contained in this text. Alex Dmitriew, Community Recycling & Any mention of commercial products, companies, Resource Recovery or processes shall not be construed as an endorsement of such products or processes. Michael Gross, Zanker Road Landfill Kelly Ingalls, KMI Building Associates John Teal, Looney Bins Riel Johnson, Bradley Landfill & Recycling Center Steve Austreheim-Smith and Relly Briones, CIWMB C&D Recycling Program

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