English 11 2009-2010 American Literature Final Study Packet

Name ______English 11 2009-2010 American Literature Final Study Packet

Part I. Define American Literature to the best of your ability.

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Part II. American Authors Give the author for the following pieces of American Literature 1. The Scarlet Letter-______2. Civil Disobedience” ______3. The Crucible______4. “To His Excellency, General Washington” ______5. “Speech in the Virginia Convention” ______6. Letters from an American Farmer ______7. Poor Richard’s Almanac ______8. “The Minister’s Black Veil: A Parable” ______9. “The Crisis” ______10. “The Devil and Tom Walker” ______11. Walden______12. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”______

Part III. A Nation is Born (1750-1800) – The Age of Reason 13. What is another name for the Age of Reason?

14.Writers and thinkers of the “Age of Reason” value ______over ______. 15.What actions fueled the colonists tempers toward the British government?

16. Why were the colonists angered? 17.What are two popular forms and media types in Colonial writing? 1. 2.

18.List three cultural changes that took place during the Revolutionary period. 1. 2. 3. 19.What does Native American literature and Puritan literature contribute to the national literature?

20.What three forms of literature have yet to be developed in America by the end of the “Age of Reason”? 1. 2. 3. 21. Which authors from Part II are representative of the “Age of Reason”?

Part III. Persuasion and Propaganda 22. Persuasion means ______

23. What is the difference between fact and opinion? ______

Define the following persuasive techniques: 24.Claim 25.Big Names 26.Logos 27.Pathos 28.Ethos 29.Kairos 30.Research

31.Which authors from Part II use persuasion in their pieces? 32.Propaganda means ______

33.Compare and contrast Persuasion and Propaganda in the following chart:

COMPARE Persuasion Propaganda Goal Technique Methods

34.Why is it important to understand the difference between persuasion and propaganda? ______

35.In what speech did Patrick Henry play a key role in turning colonial ideas against negotiation with England and toward armed rebellion? ______

36.What is an aphorism? ______

37.Name one literary work of Benjamin Franklin’s that included aphorisms.______

Part IV. Romanticism 38.What time period involves the Romantic period? ______39. Name four characteristics of the Romantic period 1. 2. 3. 4. 40. Washington Irving wrote “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle,” inspired by traditional German tales, and changed the setting to ______.

41.Specifically, why is Washington Irving an important American author? ______42. What point of view is used by the narrator of “The Devil and Tom Walker?” ______

43.Washington Irving uses characterization in “The Devil and Tom Walker.” Tell the two types of 3rd person characterization and explain how they are used. ______

44.Read the following excerpt from “The Devil and Tom Walker” and tell what type of characterization is used, and explain how you know. “There lived near this place a meager, miserly fellow, of the name of Tom Walker.” ______

45. Read the following excerpt from “The Devil and Tom Walker.” a. Tell what type of characterization is used to indicate Tom and his wife’s relationship. b. Explain how you know. “Her voice was often heard in wordy warfare with her husband: and his face sometimes showed signs that their conflicts were not confined to words…The lonely wayfarer (traveler) shrunk within himself at the horrid clamor and clapperclawing; eyed the den of discord askance; and hurried on his way, rejoicing, if a bachelor, in his celibacy.” a.______b.______

46.Irving reveals cultural attitudes of the New Englanders during the 1720s through descriptive detail, narrator’s comments and dialogue. Give two examples of cultural attitudes from “The Devil and Tom Walker.” ______47.What is the main theme of “The Devil and Tom Walker” as hinted at in the beginning of the tale when the narrator says: “Like most shortcuts, it was an ill-chosen route.” ______

48.Define satire - ______

49.Who is Irving making fun of in his satire, “The Devil and Tom Walker”? ______

50.Using the definition of satire, explain in detail why the following cartoon is satire: ______

51. Define Gothic Romanticism. ______

52. Explain why Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Minister in the Black Veil” an example of the Gothic period? ______53. Define symbolism. ______

54. Explain the symbolism of the veil in “The Minister’s Black Veil” with evidence from the text. ______

55. Why is there a need to draw inferences in Hawthorne’s “The Minister in the Black Veil”? Explain and give an example from the text where you personally had to make an inference to conclude what occurred within the story.______

Part V. Transcendentalism

56. Define transcendentalism - ______

57. How is “Civil Disobedience” an example of the transcendentalist movement? ______

58.What was Thoreau’s primary act of civil disobedience?

59.Civil Disobedience protests what two things?

60. For Thoreau, who is the final judge of what is right or wrong?

61. Where did Thoreau write Civil Disobedience?

62. According to Thoreau, what should every man follow?

Part VI. Comprehension of Civil Disobedience:

63.Which of the following does Thoreau say is more important: the need to be an honest individual or the need to be a responsible citizen? ______64.What does Thoreau mean when he says he refuses to sit on another man’s shoulders? ______

65.What does Thoreau mean when he writes: “I am as desirous of being a good neighbor as I am a bad subject”? ______

66.Thoreau wrote: “Webster never goes behind government, and so cannot speak with authority about it.” a) Webster does not try to govern in opposition of the rules, and, in fact, insists that the rules be applied according to the Constitution. b) Webster does not see the legislator’s backs. c) Webster does not walk around the Capitol. d) Webster never opposes his fellow statesmen.

Part VII--Analysis of Civil Disobedience

67. How and why does Thoreau propose one should take a step toward obtaining the style of government they desire? ______68.Thoreau wrote that the mass of men serve their country as machines. First, tell what Thoreau uses the metaphor “machines” to represent, and second, explain Thoreau’s reasoning. ______69.Thoreau writes: “A wise man will not leave the right to the mercy of chance, nor wish it to prevail through the power of the majority.” a. What type of individual expression is Thoreau referring to? b. Does he regard the power of the majority with reverence, indifference or disdain? Explain. ______Part VIII— Synthesis of Civil Disobedience:

70) Write a well-developed 5-paragraph persuasive essay response to the following: Henry David Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience in 1849, yet it is said that the essay was relevant ninety years later to Mahatma Gandhi and more than a century later to Martin Luther King, Jr. Many also believe the essay is relevant today. Tell why you agree or disagree.