Heart: Chambers: Right and Left Atria, and Right and Left Ventricles

Circulatory System (p.484-85) Heart: Chambers: right and left atria, and right and left ventricles Bicuspid, tricuspid and two semilunar valves Arteries carry blood from the heart to body organs and tissues while veins carry blood from body organs and tissues to the heart. Arterioles, capillaries and venules connect arteries to veins  R & L atrium-send blood to the ventricles Major veins to the right atrium: superior and inferior vena cava veins Veins to the left atrium: pulmonary veins (bring oxygenated blood from the lungs)  R & L ventricles-send blood to the pulmonary arteries and the aorta Aorta (large artery from the left ventricle)- branches to all arteries (except for the pulmonary artery which comes from the right ventricle)  Neck-head: Carotid arteries and jugular veins (veins carry blood to the superior vena cava)  Lungs: Pulmonary arteries and veins (veins carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium)  Kidneys: Renal arteries and veins (veins carry blood to the inferior vena cava)  Digestive system: Mesenteric arteries and veins (veins carry blood to the hepatic system and inferior vena cava)  Legs: femoral arteries and veins (veins carry blood to the inferior vena cava)  Arms: Brachial arteries and veins (veins carry blood to the superior vena cava)

Respiratory System (p 494) Mouth and nasal cavity lead to the Pharynx which carries air to:  Trachea  Bronchi  Lungs: Bronchioles, air pockets of Alveoli connect to Capillaries (erythrocytes pick up oxygen from inhaled air; CO2 leaves blood and is exhaled)

Digestive System (p.507, 515) Mouth leads to the Pharynx which carries food to:  Esophagus  Stomach-(capillaries absorb molecules and combine into mesenteric veins)  Small intestine-(capillaries absorb molecules and combine into mesenteric veins)  Large intestine (capillaries absorb molecules and combine into mesenteric veins)  Rectum and Anus-final section of the digestive system-expel waste (feces)  The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas secret digestive molecules into the intestine

Excretory or Urinary System (p.524) Aorta sends some blood to the renal artery which goes to:  Kidney -extracts urine from the blood  Ureter – carries urine from the kidney to the bladder  Bladder -stores urine  Urethra -empties urine from the bladder—through the penis in males Anatomical Pathways Laboratory

Find the structures on the back of this sheet on models and in the textbook As material passes through each system list the organs and structures they pass through.

Circulatory (p.484-85) Follow blood from the inferior or superior vena cava to the aorta

Digestive (p.507, 515) Follow undigested fiber from the mouth to the feces

Respiratory (p 494) Follow oxygen from air to red blood cells in the alveoli

Urinary (p.524) Follow water or urea from the aorta to urine

Show how these systems are connected.

Described the shortest route material will follow for each example below. 1. oxygen molecule breathed in which goes to the right foot 2. medicine inhaled that goes to the brain 3. water swallowed that goes into the urine 4. food with starch that helps the left biceps contract 5. aspirin taken by mouth that relieves an arthritic knee 6. aspirin taken by mouth that relieves a headache Order of entry point entry? (letters)____ inject medicine into right arm______A. left arm B. lung C. heart D. Aorta water swallowed ______A. stomach B. kidney C. heart D. lung

BONUS: Describe the shortest route a carbon atom (C) in starchy food could take on its way to being released as a CO2 in a biceps mitochondrion and breathed out as a CO2 from the mouth. Describe all structures and processes.