Chapter 11 Protist and Fungi

Name______Class______Date______Skills Worksheet Chapter 11—Protist and Fungi

Section: Protists ______1. What kingdom do protists belong to? a. Plant c. Protista b. Animal d. Fungus

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ______2. Most protists are made of how many cells? a. four c. two b. three d. one 3. All protists are ______, which means that each of their cells has a nucleus. 4. What are two examples of protists? ______5. Name three traits that can differ among protists. ______6. How do protists differ from other eukaryotic organisms? ______

PROTISTS AND FOOD ______7. What function do chloroplasts perform in protist producers? a. capture energy from the sun c. capture organisms to eat b. give the protist shape d. help the protist move

Directed Reading A continued 8. What is the term for the process protists use to make their own food? ______9. Name two ways protists get food. ______10. A protist that makes its own food is a(n) ______. 11. Organisms that cannot make their own food are ______that must get food from the environment. 12. Many heterotrophs are ______, which invade other organisms to get nutrients. 13. An organism invaded by a parasite for nutrients is called a(n) ______. 14. Protist heterotrophs that break down dead matter for energy are.______15. What do many protist heterotrophs eat? ______16. In what three ways do protist heterotrophs get food? ______17. Name one example of a parasite causing harm to its host. ______

Directed Reading A continued

PRODUCING MORE PROTISTS ______18. In asexual reproduction, how many parents are there? a. one c. three b. two d. four ______19. In asexual reproduction, what process do single-celled protists use to divide into two cells? a. conjugation c. multiple fission b. binary fission d. single-cell fission ______20. What process do single-celled protists use in asexual reproduction to make more than two offspring from one parent? a. conjugation c. multiple fission b. binary fission d. single-cell fission ______21. How do paramecia sometimes reproduce sexually? a. conjugation c. multiple fission b. binary fission d. single-cell fission 22. What is conjugation? ______23. When will a protist that normally reproduces asexually reproduce sexually? ______24. What is an example of a protist with a complex reproductive cycle? ______25. Summarize the five steps it takes for Plasmodium vivax to complete its reproductive cycle. ______

Section: Kinds of Protists 1. What three groups can scientists use to organize protists based on shared traits? ______

PROTIST PRODUCERS

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 3 Protists and Fungi Name______Class______Date______2. What is the name for protists that convert the sun’s energy into food? a. slime molds b. algae c. amoebas d. parasites ______3. All types of algae have what color pigment? a. red b. blue c. brown d. green ______4. Where do most types of algae live? a. in dirt b. in water c. in sand d. in plants ______5. Which of the following is an alga that lives in shallow water along the shore? a. phytoplankton b. seaweed c. water mold d. radiolarian ______6. Which of the following provides most of the world’s oxygen? a. phytoplankton b. seaweed c. amoebas d. flagellates

Directed Reading A continued

Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. ______7. the algae group most of the world’s a. brown algae seaweeds belong to b. algae ______8. the protist producers that use c. green algae photosynthesis to make food d. phytoplankton ______9. the main pigment in these algae cells is chlorophyll e. colony ______10. the cell of this organism contains a f. red algae glasslike substance called silica g. diatoms ______11. many individual protists living together as a group ______12. free-floating single-celled algae ______13. seaweeds that live in cool climates 14. Name four places where green algae live. ______15. Individual cells of some green algae live in groups called ______. 16. Name three facts about brown algae. ______17. Where are diatoms found? ______18. The cell walls of diatoms contain ______.

19. The whip-like strands on a dinoflagellate that cause the cells to spin through water are called ______. 20. Most dinoflagellates get their energy from ______, but a few are ______, ______, or ______. 21. Why don’t euglenoids fit easily into one protist group? ______HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN MOVE ______22. What are mobile protists sometimes called? a. protozoans b. radiolarians c. foraminiferans d. paramecium 23. Where can amoebas be found? ______24. What two things does an amoeba use pseudopodia for? ______25. How is a food vacuole formed? ______26. What is the purpose of a food vacuole? ______

Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. ______27. These are tiny, hairlike structures. a. cilia ______28. These have shells that look like glass b. radiolarians ornaments. c. Giardia lamblia ______29. This protist can live in the digestive d. foraminiferans tract of vertebrates. e. macronucleus ______30. This controls the functions of a ciliate’s cell. ______31. These have snail-like shells. 32. What does the term mutualism mean? ______33. What are the two uses for cilia? ______34. In a ciliate, the ______passes genes to another paramecium during sexual reproduction.

HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN’T MOVE 35. Name two characteristics of spore-forming protists. ______36. Besides water, where do water molds live? ______37. What are the two ways water molds get their food? ______

Directed Reading A continued 38. Describe the appearance of a slime mold. ______39. Slime molds use pseudopodia to eat bacteria and ______. 40. Small reproductive cells that are covered by a thick cell wall are called ______. 41. When do spores develop into new slime molds? ______

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 8 Protists and Fungi Name______Class______Date______Section: Fungi CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI 1. What are fungi? ______2. How do fungi get nutrients? ______3. Many fungi are ______, which feed on dead plant or animal matter, while other fungi are ______. 4. How do plants and fungi benefit from each other through a mycorrhiza? ______

Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. ______5. a beneficial relationship between a a. hyphae plant and a fungus b. spores ______6. the twisted mass that forms when c. mycorrhiza hyphae grow together d. mycelium ______7. threadlike fungal filaments ______8. small reproductive cells that are protected by a thick cell wall

9. All fungi are made of ______cells. 10. Where is the mycelium found? ______11. Describe the two types of asexual reproduction that take place in fungi. ______12. Sexual reproduction in fungi happens when special structures form to make ______.

KINDS OF FUNGI ______13. Which of the following type of fungus looks like wool or cotton? a. yeast c. mold b. penicillium d. mushroom ______14. Which of the following groups does black bread mold belong to? a. threadlike fungi c. club fungi b. sac fungi d. imperfect fungi ______15. Where do most of the threadlike fungi live? a. in soil c. in water b. in another organism d. in sand ______16. What are the spore cases on threadlike fungi called? a. sacs c. spore mold b. sporangia d. morels 17. Name the four groups of fungi. ______18. Describe the two types of reproduction that take place in threadlike fungi. ______

Directed Reading A continued

19. The largest group of fungi is ______. 20. Some examples of sac fungi are ______, ,______,______and ______. 21. When sac fungi reproduce sexually, they form a sac called a(n) ______. 22. Name two ways sac fungi are useful. ______

Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. Some terms will not be used. ______23. a form of asexual reproduction used by a. threadlike fungi yeasts b. basidia ______24. a disease caused by sac fungi c. budding ______25. the group of fungi that mushrooms d. club fungi belong to e. chestnut blight ______26. clublike structures on club fungi f. bracket fungi ______27. fungi that grow outward from wood and form small shelves g. Penicillium ______28. a poison produced by an imperfect h. aflatoxin fungus ______29. a fungus used to make an antibiotic 30. Why do mushrooms often appear in circles? ______31. The most familiar mushrooms are ______fungi.

Directed Reading A continued

32. Bracket fungi, puffballs, smuts, and rusts are all ______fungi. 33. Imperfect fungi do not reproduce ______. 34. A common human skin disease caused by imperfect fungi is ______.

LICHENS ______35. A lichen is a combination of what two organisms? a. fungus and alga c. fungus and mushroom b. alga and yeast d. yeast and mushroom ______36. Because lichens produce their food through photosynthesis, which group do they belong to? a. consumers c. producers b. parasites d. hosts 37. What allows lichens to live in even the driest environments without drying out? ______38. Why can lichens grow on rocks? ______39. Give one example of how a lichen changes its surroundings in a way that allows other organisms to live there. ______40. Why are lichens easily affected by air pollution? ______