DO NOT MARK on EXAM Write All Answers on Answer Sheet. Test # ______
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DO NOT MARK ON EXAM – Write all answers on answer sheet. Test # ______
ECOLOGY EXAM – you may use your notes, textbook and your brain for this exam. You may not ask someone else.
Questions #1 – 4 refer to the diagram above.
1. On the pyramid, animals that feed on herbivores are no lower than a. level A c. level C b. level B d. level D
2. Level A is made up of a. carnivores c. producers b. herbivores d. omnivores
3. How much energy is available to the organisms in level C ?
a. all of the energy in level A plus all the energy in level B b. all of the energy in level A minus the energy in level B c. ten percent (10%) of the energy in level B d. ninety percent (90%) of the energy in level B
4. The diagram represents the decrease
a. in the number of organisms between lower and higher trophic levels. b. in available energy between lower and higher trophic levels. c. in diversity of organisms between lower and higher trophic levels. d. all of the above are represented. Choose the best answer to the following questions.
5. Ecology is best defined as: a. the study of ecosystems or nature's homes b. the study of all the food chains of an area c. all members of the same species living in the same area d. the study of energy pyramids and biomes
6. Which of the following is an example of a producer ? a. rabbit b. grass c. vulture d. mushroom
7. The physical location (where it lives) of an organism in an ecosystem is called a a. habitat b. trophic level c. community d. food zone
8. In an ecosystem, a group of producers may include a. lions, zebras, and antelope. b. trees, grass, and shrubs. c. vultures, hyenas, and hawks. d. bacteria, fungus, and algae.
9. Food webs are more common than food chains because a. too many animals that make up the links in a food chain are migratory. b. organisms almost always eat, and are eaten by, many different organisms. c. over time food chains always become food webs. d. most organisms only eat one food.
10. The diversity of organisms (living things) in a terrestrial (land) ecosystem is usually roughly proportional to the amount of available a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. nitrogen. d. water.
11. Precipitation and evaporation are important components of the a. nitrogen cycle. b. water cycle. c. carbon cycle. d. predatory – prey cycle 12. When an organism dies, the nitrogen in its body a. can never be reused by other living things. b. is gradually dissolved in rainfall to produce proteins. c. is returned to the soil by the action of decomposers. d. None of the above is true.
13. A relationship between a producer and consumer is best illustrated by a. a snake eating a rodent. b. a bird eating an insect. c. a barnacle attached to a whale. d. a zebra eating grass.
14. Materials such as water, nitrogen, and carbon a. are constantly replenished by silt from flood waters. b. cycle within ecosystems. c. are needed in small quantities by living ecosystems. d. are usually not found in the deserts of the world.
15. The term describing any close, long-term relationship between two species is a. symbiosis b. parasitism c. commensalism d. mutualism
16. The role (what it eats, where it eats, what eats it…) an organism plays in an ecosystem is called its niche. If the niche of two organisms overlap,
a. the two organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship. b. both organisms will disappear from the habitat. c. one organism usually migrates to a new habitat. d. the organism may have to compete directly.
17. Ants keep herbivores away from acacia trees. Acacia trees provide ants with food and shelter. This is a. competition b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism.
18. Cows and sheep living on a small island both eat the same kind of grass. This is an example of a. competition b. mutualism c. commensalism d. parasitism. 19. Birds nesting on the branches of trees get a safe place for raising their young; the tree is not damaged. This is a. competition b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism.
20. The beneficial relationship between the algae and fungi that make up a lichen is an example of a. competition b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism.
21. Athlete’s foot is caused by a fungus. The relationship between the fungus and the person on which it grows is known as a. competition b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism.
22. Eschericia coli bacteria living in human intestines live by breaking down our undigested food. They do not generally cause illness, and they produce vitamin K, which is required for our blood to clot. This is a. competition b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism.
23. When the settlers arrived in New England, many forests were turned into fields. Eventually, some fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described as a. primary succession. b. coevolution. c. secondary succession. d. niche realization.
24. Biological diverse (many plants and animals) ecosystems tend to be stable because a. they are found in all climates. b. they have complex food webs that are hard to disrupt. c. they all contain a wide variety of producers. d. of symbiotic relationships within them. 25. What energy resource do producers use to get their energy? a. fossil fuels b. water c. wind d. sun
26. Another name for autotroph is a. carnivore b. herbivore c. consumer d. producer
27. Which one of the following does not fit with the others?
a. housefly b. bacteria c. soil d. apple tree e. elephant
28. Which of the following best describes the relationship that exists when a tick attaches itself to a dog and feeds on the dog's blood? a. commensalisms b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation
29. The Venus flytrap has leaf blades with hinges in the middle. When an insect touches tiny hairs on the leaf, the leaf snaps shut, trapping the animal inside. Gradually, the leaf secretes enzymes that digest the animal and release its nutrients into the plant. This situation is an example of — a. commensalisms b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation
30. How much energy is available at the third trophic level of an energy pyramid if 1,000 kcal is available in the first level? a. 1,000 kcal b. 100 kcal c. 10 kcal d. 1 kcal 31. Based on the food web above, which of the following is most likely responsible for the rabbit population trend as shown in the graph? a. decrease in fox population b. decrease in the amount of grass c. increase in number of acorns d. increase in squirrel population
32. How would the food web to the right be affected if the plants were eliminated? a. Birds and mice would starve. b. The food web would collapse. c. The herbivores would change trophic levels. d. Nothing would happen.
33. A tiger is a(n) a. omnivore. c. detritivore. b. herbivore. d. carnivore.
34. Plants return water to the atmosphere by a. assimilation. c. succession. b. transpiration. d. nitrification.
35. An organism that obtains energy from organic wastes and dead bodies is a(n) a. carnivore. c. detritivore. b. omnivore. d. herbivore.
36. Ecosystems differ from a community in that ecosystems usually contain a. several climates. c. only one habitat. b. several communities. d. only one food web. 37. What critical role is played by fungi and bacteria in any ecosystem? a. primary production b. decomposition c. boundary setting d. physical weathering
The chart to the right shows the monthly variation in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over a deciduous forest.
38. During which of the following months is the rate of photosynthesis greatest? (Careful!) a. August b. March c. January d. September
39. Which abiotic factor is likely not a reason for the desert biome’s low primary productivity? a. extreme temperatures b. frequent flooding c. high predation d. strong competition for sunlight
40. Which of the biological communities named in the chart to the right has the lowest primary productivity? a. desert b. open sea c. savanna d. estuary Name ______Per. ______
Points earned: ______
Short answer (5points each): Write clearly and neatly in blue/black ink or pencil. Make sure I understand what you are saying!
1. A plant disease infects most of the vegetation in a particular area, destroying it. How might the destruction of this vegetation affect the animal life in this area?
2. Why are decomposers necessary for the continuation of life on Earth?