The Human Body Unit Exam

Name: ______Date: ______Points Earned = out of 46 Homeroom: ______Converted Percentage Grade = %

The Human Body Unit Exam State Exam Equivalent =

The questions on this test measure your knowledge and understanding of science. 6. When a person breathes, the lungs absorb The test has two parts: Part I (multiple choice oxygen, which is used by cells to carry out the questions) and Part 2 (short answer questions). process of (1) respiration (3) photosynthesis Please answer all questions in this test booklet. (2) secretion (4) excretion After you have finished all questions in both parts, fill in the circles for your answers to Part 7. Running is an activity that causes the cells 1 on the provided answer sheet. in the muscular system to use oxygen at a faster rate. Which system responds by 1. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood delivering more oxygen to these cells? stream through the process of (1) digestive (3) circulatory (1) absorption (3) respiration (2) nervous (4) endocrine (2) elimination (4) secretion 8. Which human body systems are directly 2. The kidneys, which remove dissolved involved in reflex actions, such as knee jerk, wastes from the blood, are organs of the blinking, and jumping when startled? (1) endocrine system (3) skeletal system (1) circulatory and respiratory (2) excretory system (4) nervous system (2) digestive and excretory (3) nervous and muscular 3. Which two systems of a rabbit’s body must (4) reproductive and skeletal be working together for the rabbit to run away from a fox? (1) digestive and endocrine 9. In which human body system are hormones (2) reproductive and nervous produced? (3) muscular and skeletal (1) respiratory (3) nervous (4) excretory and respiratory (2) endocrine (4) digestive

4. In which process is oxygen used to release 10. When do organs begin to develop in the energy stored in food? humans? (1) photosynthesis (3) digestion (1) in the sperm cell before fertilization (2) respiration (4) reproduction (2) before fertilization and after birth (3) in the egg cell after fertilization 5. Fats are important nutrients because they (4) after fertilization and before birth (1) provide genetic information (2) contain stored energy 11. Which body system is responsible for the (3) are used in photosynthesis elimination of liquid and gaseous wastes? (4) maintain bone density (1) nervous (3) excretory (2) skeletal (4) digestive

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 1 of 9 12. Which factor has the least effect on a 17. The diagram below shows a human body person’s metabolism? system. (1) exercise (3) intelligence (2) hormones (4) diet

13. What is the main function of the circulatory system? (1) secrete enzymes (3) produce hormones (2) digest proteins (4) transport materials

14. Infectious diseases are caused by (1) allergies (2) vitamin deficiencies (3) chemical spills (4) microorganisms What are two of the functions performed by 15. The diagram below represents a magnified this body system? view of an air sac in the human lung. The (1) protects and supports the body white arrows indicate blood flow. (2) produces and transports oxygen (3) produces and excretes waste products (4) controls and coordinates body activities

18. The main function of the human digestive system is to (1) break down foods for absorption into blood (2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release energy from sugars within the cells Which two systems are interacting in this (4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body diagram? (1) skeletal and muscular 19. Which sequence lists the levels of (2) nervous and endocrine organization in the human body from simplest (3) reproductive and digestive to most complex? (4) respiratory and circulatory (1) organ system → tissue → cell → organ (2) tissue → cell → organ → organ system 16. The energy obtained from food is (3) organ → organ system → tissue → cell measured in units called (4) cell → tissue → organ → organ system (1) watts (3) degrees (2) Calories (4) pounds 20. Which three systems of the human body function together to move and control body parts? (1) nervous, skeletal, and muscular (2) muscular, endocrine, and excretory (3) digestive, excretory, and reproductive (4) circulatory, endocrine, and respiratory

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 2 of 9 21. The labeled organs in the diagram below 24. Compared to the amount of hereditary are part of which human body system? information in a human body cell, how much hereditary information is contained in a human sex cell? (1) one-quarter the amount (2) one-half the amount (3) the same amount (4) twice the amount

25. Which term describes an organism’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment? (1) reproduction (2) extinction (3) locomotion (4) regulation

26. In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for (1) growth and repair (1) respiratory (3) digestive (2) sexual reproduction (2) endocrine (4) circulatory (3) obtaining energy (4) production of sex cells 22. The diagram below shows a human arm bending at the elbow. 27. Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food? (1) ounce (3) calorie (2) degree (4) gram

28. The diagram below shows changes that a butterfly undergoes as it develops from an egg into an adult.

Which two body systems most directly cause the arm to bend? (1) skeletal and muscular (2) reproductive and endocrine (3) respiratory and excretory (4) nervous and digestive

23. What is the result of cellular respiration? (1) Energy for cell processes is released. (2) Oxygen is released for photosynthesis. (3) Cells undergo decomposition. Which process is illustrated in the diagram? (4) Nutrients are excreted to prevent the (1) mutation (3) germination buildup of body fat. (2) photosynthesis (4) metamorphosis

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 3 of 9 The Human Body Unit Exam Page 4 of 9 29. The table below shows the symptoms of some diseases that are caused by bacteria. Disease Symptoms vomiting, abdominal pain, coughing, muscular botulism weakness, visual disturbance inflammation of lungs, fever, shortness of breath, pneumonia fluid in lungs typhoid fever red rashes, high fever, intestinal bleeding tetanus uncontrolled contractions of voluntary muscles

Which two diseases listed in the table affect the digestive system? (1) botulism and typhoid fever (3) tetanus and pneumonia (2) botulism and pneumonia (4) tetanus and typhoid fever

30. In humans, a fertilized egg contains 46 chromosomes. Which bar graph best represents the number of chromosomes contained in the sperm and egg before they united to make the fertilized egg?

Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human after fertilization.

31. Between stages A and D, which process must occur? (1) mutation (3) cell division (2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction

32. Which sequence of development is correct? (1) fertilized egg → tissues →  organ systems →  organs (2) fertilized egg → organ systems →  organs →  tissues (3) fertilized egg → organs →  tissues →  organ systems (4) fertilized egg → tissues →  organs →  organ systems

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 5 of 9 Part 2: Answer all questions in this test booklet.

33. The two human body systems shown below interact to perform several functions for the whole organism. Describe how gas exchange occurs when the circulatory and respiratory systems work together. [2]

______

Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the chart below and on your knowledge of science. Each food in the chart is a particularly good source of the nutrient listed.

Nutrient Food Source protein fish carbohydrate orange juice fat olive oil

34. Which nutrient listed in the chart is primarily responsible for growth and repair in the human body? [1] ______

35. Which food source listed in the chart would provide a quick source of energy for the cells of the body? [1] ______

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 6 of 9 Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the diagrams below, which show a system in a human and a system in a plant.

36. Select one structure labeled in the human system above and explain how it contributes to the way the human system functions. [1] Human Structure: ______Explanation: ______

37. Select one structure labeled in the plant system above and explain how it contributes to the way the organism functions. [1] Plant Structure: ______Explanation: ______

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 7 of 9 38. The diagram below shows several organs in the human digestive system.

Explain two ways that food is changed as it passes through the digestive system. [2] (1) ______(2) ______

Base your answers to questions 39 through 41 on the information below and on your knowledge of science.

Maintaining a constant body temperature, no matter what the temperature of its surroundings, is a condition that needs to be balanced in many organisms. This ability is important to the organism’s survival. These organisms have many different body structures and behaviors that help maintain a constant body temperature.

39. Whales have a thick layer of blubber (fat) under their skin. How does this blubber help the whales to maintain a constant body temperature? [1] ______

40. Humans sweat when they are in the hot sun. How does sweating help humans to maintain a constant body temperature? [1] ______

41. Foxes living in different parts of the world have different-sized ears. The arctic fox, which lives in cold climates, has small ears. The desert fox, which lives in hot climates, has large ears. How does ear size help each of these foxes to maintain a constant body temperature? [1] ______

The Human Body Unit Exam Page 8 of 9 42. Humans have several organ systems that allow them to carry on all life activities. Complete the chart below by identifying one organ system that is responsible for each life activity listed. The first row has been completed as an example. [3] Life Activity Human Organ System breaking down large food molecules into smaller molecules digestive system exchanging gases between the blood and the environment removing liquid and gaseous wastes from the body transporting needed materials to the cells and carrying wastes away from cells producing offspring moving the body

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