AP World History s7

AP World History

Due:8/24/12 Name: Elizabeth York

Date: 8/21/12 Score Period: 6th __ 50 Chapter 3: The Mediterranean and Middle East, 2000–500 B.C.E

*Complete General Factual information for the chapter. Discuss three subthemes for each of the Five SPICE Themes. Answer Focus Questions in complete sentences. /5 pts Timeline of Important events 2000 BCE Horses in use 1700-1200 BCE Hittites dominant in Anatolia 1500 BCE Hittites develop iron metallurgy 1460 BCE Kassites assume control of southern Mesopotamia 1200 BCE Destruction of Hittite kingdom 1000 BCE Iron metallurgy begins 911 BCE Rise of Neo-Assyrian Empire 744-727 BCE Reforms of Tiglath-pileser 668-627 BCE Reign of Ashurbanipal 626-539 BCE Neo-Babylonian kingdom 612 BCE Fall of Assyria 2040-1640 BCE Middle Kingdom 1640-1532 BCE Hyksos dominate northern Egypt 1470 BCE Queen Hatshepsut dispatches expedition to Punt 1353 BCE Akhenaten launches reforms 1200-1150 BCE Sea Peoples attack Egypt /5 pts Important Individuals and Groups Dido Fled with her supporters after her husband was killed by her brother Hittites Spoke Indo-European language Kassites Peoples from the Zagros Mountains Hyksos Possessed military technology advantages over Egyptians Elamites Adapted cuneiform system to write their own language Assyrian Dynasty Briefly gained control of the upper Euphrates River Hatshepsut Queen of Pharaoh Tuthmosis II and got royal title for herself 1473-1458 BCE Akhenaten Wanted to spread belief in Aten; credited for creating monotheism(belief in one god) Nefertiti Akhenaten’s wife Ramesses II Ruled for 66 years in the Ramessides Dynasty Haremhab Seized throne and made new dynasty (Ramessides Dynasty) Minoan Had centralized gov’t, monumental building, bronze metallurgy, writing, and record keeping Kamose & Ahmose Expelled the Hyksos from Egypt

/4 pts Important Places Carthage Dominated commerce of western Mediterranian Tyre Where Dido fled Babylonia Where Kassites first settled Zagros Mountains Where Kassites lived Ugarit Where symbols were used to write consonant sounds Cnossus,Phaistos,&Mallia Where the Minoans built palaces Ashur Leading urban center of the northern Tigris Punt Where Hatshepsut sent a naval expedition down the Red Sea (fabled land) Egypt & Nubia Many events happened in these places /6 pts Social: Development and transformation of social structures A – Gender Roles Men and women had a variety of roles, but gender definitely played a part in who and Relations did what. In Israel with the Israelites, women provided vital goods and services and also sustained the family. The Assyrians had special armies and only men could serve in the army. Man served in return for land grants, and peasants and slaves.

C – Racial and Ethnic Some civilizations’ races could not be determined with the evidence we have. The Constructions ethnicity of the Minoans is undetermined. We also cannot decipher their writing yet. We know very little about neither the Minoans nor the Mycenaeans. The Mycenaeans were of Indo-European decent, because the Indo-European ancestral to Greek sula around 2000 BCE.

B – Family and Some people gave more care about their families than other civilizations. The Kinship Mycenaeans had tombs with the leading rulers and families. They were very elegant. The Assyrians had the king usually choose one of his sons to be his successor. The kings were buried in Ashur.

/6 pts Political: State-building, expansion, and conflict A – Political Some political structures can stay strong, but others may fall quick because of the Structure lack of good influence. The Minoans had a centralized government with Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Syrian influences. The Babylonian Jews had a good political autonomy, but lost it as well as the experience of exile.

F – Revolts and The Phoenicians looked to the Carthaginians, but both did different things. The Revolutions Phoenicians used Carthage for military protection and followed its lead in foreign policy. Carthaginians were not forced to serve in the army, because they could be better and more valued in other things, such as trading and the navy.

B – Governance While the Israelites looked to religious governance, the Assyrians looked to someone not religious. The religious leader in Israel was named Samuel. He saw that a stronger central authority was needed and people listened. The Assyrians looked to their king for governance. He was the military leader, responsible for campaigns, and often away from the capital commanding operations in the field.

/6 pts Interaction between humans and the environment F – Technology Some civilizations had technology that helped for way. The Hittites were the first to have a technique to make tools and iron weapons. They also had horse drawn war chariots. The Hyksos had military technology that gave them an advantage over Egypt. They had horse drawn war chariots just like the Hittites, and also had composite bows.

D – Patterns of The Kassites preferred a river, but the Assyrians preferred plain land. The Kassites Settlement first settled into Babylonia along the Tigris and Euphrates. The Assyrians’ homeland is in northern Mesopotamia. It was hillier, unlike the flat expanse of Sumer and Akkad.

Some places can be forced to migrate. The Kingdom of Judah (the Israelites) was C – Migration captured and the royal family was forced to migrate to Babylonia. The Assyrian government would force people to migrate to keep the city in shape. They would even execute people.

/6 pts Cultural: Development and interaction of cultures E – Architecture Many civilizations had unique architecture, some known and others not. The Assyrians had the leading urban center on the northern Tigris because of the design and architecture of the building. The Minoans build sprawling palaces in places like Cnossus, Phaistos, and Mallia.

F – Language and Communication Both the Phoenicians and the Elamites and Hittites used symbols to represent communication methods. The Phoenicians had an alphabetic system where each symbol (about 24 symbols) represented a certain sound. The Elamites and the Hittites adapted the cuneiform system with 30 symbols representing consonant sounds.

A - Religions and Belief Systems Most religions have many things in common. Carthaginian religion has a chief among them. Ball Hammon was the storm-god, and Tanit was a female fertility figure. Phoenician towns have walled enclosures where thousands of small, sealed urns containing the burned bones of children lay buried. They believed that would please the gods.

/6 pts Economic: Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems B – Trade and Both the Aegeans/Mycenaeans and the Israelites could trade to farther lands. The Commerce Aegeans/Mycenaeans had long-distance trade because of the skills of Minoans and Mycenaeans. They build light wooden ships were not very big, so crews had to go ashore to eat and sleep. Israelites were sent by Solomon and Hiram to sail into the Red Sea and trade with near and distant lands.

F – Taxation Some civilizations are forced to pay taxes, but others aren’t. Assyrian officials oversaw tax payments. Officials were often inspected frequently by royal overseers. The Mycenaeans also didn’t pay taxes because trade and piracy brought in so much money that taxation wasn’t needed.

C – Specialization Artisans were the most specialized people in these civilizations. Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem in 587 BCE, and he turned it into a city of specialized people, like artisans, scribes, and blacksmiths. The Mycenaeans adopted Minoan styles and techniques and became artisans with pottery and vase painting.

/6 pts Focus Questions How did a cosmopolitan civilization develop in the Middle East during the Late Bronze Age, and what forms did it take?

What civilizations emerged in the Aegean world, and what relationship did they have to the older civilizations to the east?

Between 750 and 550 B.C.E., what factors prompted the transformation of the ancient Middle East?