Annotated Bibliography s3

Annotated Bibliography

Ali, M., Schifano, F.,Robinson, P. ; Phillips, G. ; Doherty, L. ; Melnick, P. ; Laming, L. ; Sinclair, A. ; Dhillon, S. Impact of community pharmacy diabetes monitoring and education programme on diabetes management: a randomized controlled study. Diabetic Medicine. 2012 Sep; 29(9): e326-33. EBSCOhost [serial online].ipswich, MA. Acessed September 30, 2012

This article demonstrates the impact of community pharmacists and their abilities to educated and monitor diabetic patients using a random controlled study. The patients would receive a pharmaceutical care package; they were also monitored for consulted by pharmacist for a 12-month study. The patients where educated as well as monitored while taking certain medication approved by their primary physician and monitored by the pharmacist .The study resulted in a lower chance of cardiovascular risk, which is high among patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Give a sentence linking these underlined points first (and clarify a bit). As a academic journal, this was a valid source and was able to further examine the role of a pharmacist pertaining to diabetic patients with the absence of any bias or objective views. Revise to emphasize good sample size/clinical trial…

Hawkins DW, Clinical Pharmacy Function in Ambulatory Patient Care. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981; 21:245-250. Sage Journals [serial online]. ipswich, MA Accessed September 30, 2012

Clinical pharmacists contribute to ambulatory care by participating in four major methods; (1) They help the primary physician by creating a therapeutic regimen. (2) Evaluate and manage the conditions of patients facing chronic drug therapy. (3) Investigate clinical drug studies. (4) Conducting clinical drug trials while working with epidemiologists and clinical pharmacologists. In 1981 this was seen as a major area of help and clinical pharmacists where able to step to the occasion and assist in carrying out long-term drug trials and consultations. Through this process, clinical pharmacists were able to help lower blood sugar levels, and systolic hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus. This source is valid, and the information is still used today when conducting long-term drug trials for patients who are facing chronic diseases.

Huff PS; Ives TJ; Almond SN; Griffin NW. Pharmacist-managed diabetes education service.American Journal Of Hospital Pharmacy 1983 Jun; Vol. 40 (6), pp. 991-4. MEDLINE [serial online].ipswich, MA Accessed October 1, 2012.

In 1983, a study was proposed for a pharmacist-managed education service for diabetic patients. This study was conducted to help educate and instruct diabetics regarding self-care methods. Through routine check ups, the pharmacist was able to educate the patient; by doing so this would instill a set of long and short ranged goals for each patient. Patients received information about pathophysiology and therapy for treating diabetes mellitus. This was a valid source that shows the early treatment of diabetes in the early 1980’s. The final results proved that patients who were instructed by pharmacists were able to manage their blood-glucose level as well as become more familiar with in self-care methods for treating diabetes mellitus.

Nlkansah NT, Brewer JM, Connors R, Shermock KM, Clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus receiving medication management by pharmacists in an urban private physician practice.American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2008 Jan 15; 65(2): 145-9. CINAHL Plus [serial online].ipswich, MA Acessed October 2, 2012.

Patients above the age of 18 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes that received oral and insulin therapy were able to qualify. Once qualified, they were referred to a private office where they will be placed into a medication management program. This study was taken place from March 1, 2002 to August 31, 2003. The data was collected through 3 six-month junctures. The goal was to lower the patients’ glycosylated hemoglobin, weight, and blood pressure. The results concurred a major reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin levels, as well as a decrease in blood pressure. However there was no significant change in weight. This was published in a pharmacy journal, where it was able to share the use of clinical interventions to decrease the negative effects of diabetes.

Salvo MC, Brooks AM. Glycemic Control and Preventive Care Measures of Indigent Diabetes Patients Within a Pharmacist-Managed Insulin Titration Program vs Standard Care. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2012 Jan; 46(1): 29-34. CINAHL Plus [serial online]. ipswich, MA Accessed September 30, 2012.

According to this journal, there is an estimated 26 million people in the United States who are diagnosed with diabetes. To combat this epidemic, a team of pharmacist-led services was created to help regulate glycemic levels among diabetic patients. To lower glycemic levels, research was done to improve the use of insulin by amplifying its effects through titrations and drug therapy. Through these methods, pharmacists were able to reduce A1C (hemoglobin A10) and create a preventive care program that surpassed standard care which was currently underserved in the diabetic community. Published by Annals of Pharmacotherapy, this study was able to influence more research pertaining to diabetic patients and the lowering of glycemic levels.

Schub T, Caple C. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: Prevention in Children and Adolescents. Cinahl Information Systems. 2005; 1-2. CINAHL Plus [serial online].ipswich, MA Accessed October 4, 2012

Type 2 diabetes through history has been associated and found within adults thus receiving the name “Adult onset Diabetes”, but as time passed it has begun to show up in adolescents as well. This has been due to the regimen that adolescent have been accustomed to. The obesity, and physical inactivity is becoming a leading cause of this disease. In order to fight this disease, a more active and healthy plan has been created by a group of pharmacists to help decrease the toll type 2 diabetes is taking on the younger generation. This journal allows us to see the physical causes that lead to diabetes and how to create a regimen that will derail the younger and even older generation from not only type 2 diabetes, but type 1 as well. The goal of this source was to educate the public on how to prevent diabetes from infecting children, adolescents, and even adults.