South Pasadena Chemistry s6

Culver City H.S. • AP Chemistry Name ______Period ___ Date ___/___/___ 2 • Atoms, Molecules, and Ions S T U D Y L I S T The Development of the Atomic Theory: Parts of the Atom: I can:  State the three particles that make up an atom,  State the four “signpost scientists”, their their symbol, their charge, their mass, and experiments, what they added to the atomic their location. theory, and the name of their model.  State the number of protons, neutrons, and  Define the three theories that are explained in electrons in any atom or ion. terms of atoms:  Explain that isotopes are two atoms with the o Law of Conservation of Matter same atomic number (number of protons) but (Lavoisier) different mass numbers (number of nucleons o Law of Definite/Constant Proportions —protons + neutrons). (Proust)  Represent the nucleus with isotopic notation, o Law of Multiple Proportions (Dalton) such as: Rn  Give examples and solve calculation problems  Recognize when two nuclei are isotopes of related to each of the three theories. each other.  State Avogadro’s hypothesis based upon Gay- Lussac’s experimental results. The Families of the Periodic Table:  Sketch a cathode ray tube and state how J.J.  List the common families of the periodic table Thomson’s experiments led to the idea that and recognize to which family any element atoms have positive and negative parts, the belongs. negative parts are all the same, and the  Recognize metals, non-metals, and metalloids negative parts (called electrons) have a certain (semi-metals) on the periodic table. charge/mass ratio.  State and define the terms conductivity,  Define cathode rays. malleability, ductility, and luster.  State the factors that determine how much a  Be familiar with element names and symbols. moving charged particle will be deflected by an electric or magnetic field. Formulas and Naming:  Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment & how  Look at a formula and state how many it added to the atomic theory. elements and atoms are in that compound.  Sketch the set-up used by Ernest Rutherford  State whether a compound is an ionic (the gold-foil experiment), show what he compound or a nonmetal compound. observed, and explain how these observations  Write the formula of an ionic compound led to the idea that most of the mass of the given the two ions or its name. Know when to atom is concentrated into a tiny, amazingly use parentheses. massive, positively-charged nucleus.  Name an ionic compound given the formula.  Determine the charge on an ion from A Little Nuclear Chemistry: information in an ionic formula.  State that Henri Becquerel discovered  Write the formula of a binary nonmetal radioactivity. compound (molecular compound) given its  List the three “Becquerel rays” (alpha, beta, name. and gamma) and state why alpha particles  Name a binary nonmetal compound were the perfect tool for Ernest Rutherford to (molecular compound) given its formula. study the structure of atoms.  Know how to recognize and acid. Write the  State that the alpha particle is the same as a formula of an acid from its anion. Name an helium nucleus, a beta particle is a high-speed acid. electron, and a gamma ray is a high-energy form of light.