Standard Operating Procedures s1

Standard Operating Procedures

Laboratory Specific Chemical: Potentially Explosive Chemicals (PEC)

Please fill out the form completely. Print a copy and insert into your Laboratory Safety Manual and Chemical Hygiene Plan. Refer to instructions for assistance.

Department: Date when SOP was written:

Date when SOP was approved by the lab supervisor:

Principal Investigator:

Internal Laboratory Safety Coordinator/Lab Manager:

Laboratory Phone: Office Phone:

Emergency Contact:

Location(s) covered by this SOP:

Type of SOP: Process Hazardous Chemical Hazard Class

Purpose

Explosive chemicals can release tremendous amounts of destructive energy rapidly. If not handled properly, these chemicals can pose a serious threat to the health and safety of laboratory personnel, emergency responders, building occupants, chemical waste handlers, and disposal companies.

There are two classes of explosive chemicals. The first is known explosive chemicals that are designed and produced for use as an explosive (e.g., TNT, explosive bolts, bullets, blasting caps, and fireworks). The other class is potentially explosive chemicals (PECs), which include peroxidizable organic chemicals. Most chemicals that are used in research and teaching laboratories are stable and non-explosive at the time of purchase. Over time, some chemicals can oxidize, become contaminated, dry out, or otherwise destabilize to become PECs (e.g., isopropyl ether, sodium amide, and picric acid).

PECs are chemicals (or combinations thereof) that may cause a sudden release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. This SOP describes how to safely handle these types of chemical compounds.

Physical & Chemical Properties/Definition of Chemical Group

Potentially Explosive Lab Chemicals Acetyl peroxide Acetylene Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate

1 Ammonium picrate Ba/Pb/Hg azide (heavy metal azides) Li/K/Na azide Organic azides Bromopropyne Butanone peroxide Cumene peroxide Diazodinitrophenol Dinitrophenol Dinitrophenylhydrazine Dinitroresorcinol Dipicryl amine Dipicryl sulphide Dodecanoyl peroxide Ethylene oxide Lauric peroxide MEK peroxide Mercury fulminate, Silver fulminate Nitrocellulose Nitrogen trifluoride Nitrogen triiodide Nitroglycerine Nitroguanidine Nitromethane Nitrourea Picramide Picric acid (trinitrophenol) Picryl chloride Picryl sulphonic acid Propargyl bromide (neat) Sodium dinitrophenate Succinic peroxide Tetranitroaniline Trinitroaniline Trinitroanisole Trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid Trinitrobenzoic acid Trinitrocresol Trinitronaphthalene Trinitrophenol (picric acid) Trinitroresorcinol Trinitrotoluene Urea nitrate

Potentially explosive Compound Classes Acetylene (-C=C-) Acyl hypohalites (RCO-OX) Azide Organic (R-N3) Azide Metal (M-N3) Azo (-N=N-) Diazo (=N=N) Diazosulphide (-N=N-S-N=N-) Diazonium salts (R-N2+) Fulminate (-CNO)

2 Halogen Amine (=N-X) Nitrate (-ONO2) Nitro (-NO2) Aromatic or Aliphatic Nitramine (=N-NO2) (-NH-NO2) Nitrite (-ONO) Nitroso (-NO) Ozonides Peracids (-CO-O-O-H) Peroxide (-O-O-) Hydroperoxide (-O-O-H) Metal peroxide (M-O-O-M)

Explosive Salts Bromate salts (BrO3-) Chlorate salts (ClO3-) Chlorite salts (Cl02-) Perchlorate salts (Cl04-) Picrate salts (2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide) Picramate salts (2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenoxide) Hypohalite salts (XO-) Iodate salts (IO3-)

3 Chemicals That May Explode Due To Over-pressurized Container Aluminum chloride Aluminum lithium hydride Ammonia solution Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium persulfate Anisyl chloride Aqua regia Benzenesulphonyl chloride Bleach Bleaching powder Calcium carbide Calcium hydride Calcium hypochlorite Chloroform Chromic acid Cumene hydroperoxide Cyclohexne Diethyl pyrocarbonate Dimethylamine Formic Acid Hydrogen peroxide Lauroyl peroxide Lithium aluminum hydride Lithium hydride Nitric acid Nitrosoguanidine Peracetic acid Phenol Phosphorus trichloride Potassium Persulphate Silicon tetrachloride Sodium borohydride Sodium dithionite Sodium hydride Sodium hydrosulphite Sodium hypochlorite Sodium peroxide Sodium persulfate Thionyl chloride Urea peroxide Zinc

Potential Hazards/Toxicity

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The level of skin and eye protection should be selected based on the potential for splashing and other forms of exposure.

Minimum potential for splash & exposure:  Single pair of chemical resistant gloves  Protective clothing (e.g. non-porous lab coat, impervious sleeves; closed-toed impervious shoes)

4 When using or transferring large quantities (>1 L):  Single pair of chemical resistant gloves o Immediately replace with new gloves when splash occurs.  Chemical resistant lab coat o Avoid using the traditional cotton-polyester white lab coat, which readily collects/absorbs compounds.  Protective clothing (e.g. non-porous sleeves, closed-toed impervious footwear)

Engineering Controls

 Safety shielding shall be used for any operation having the potential for explosion, including the following situations:

 When a reaction is attempted for the first time (small quantities of reactants should be used to minimize hazards);

 When a familiar reaction is carried out on a larger than usual scale (i.e., 5-10 times more material); or

 When operations are carried out under non-ambient conditions.

 Shields must be placed so that all personnel in the area are protected from hazard.  All operations involving PECs and dilutions should be carried out in a certified fume hood to keep airborne level below recommended exposure limits.

 Chemical fume hoods used as containment areas for particularly hazardous chemicals must have a face velocity of 100 lfm, averaged over the face of the hood and must be certified annually.

 Laboratory rooms must be at negative pressure with respect to the corridors and external environment. The laboratory/room door must be kept closed at all times.

 Vacuum lines are to be protected by HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters or higher efficiency scrubbers.

First Aid Procedures

Skin & Eye Exposure: Minor skin contact requires washing with water. Soaking or flushing contaminated areas of the skin with water for periods up to 15 minutes is required if a large area comes into contact with the chemical, or if prolonged contact occurs. Contaminated clothing may hold the chemicals in contact with the skin without being immediately noticed.

In the event of eye contact, the eye should be immediately be flushed with water. If the chemical is very irritating, it is likely that the affected individual will require assistance to hold the eye open during the flushing.

Ingestion: Give milk or water to induce vomiting if conscious. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately.

5 Inhalation: Remove rapidly to clean air. Administer rescue breathing if necessary and call emergency services. Seek medical attention if needed.

Special Handling and Storage Requirements

It is important that chemical users track and dispose of chemicals before they become a problem. Proper inventory management systems can help mitigate risk to personnel and avert higher than normal disposal costs.

 Identify all explosive and potentially explosive chemicals in your inventory. Never store unlabeled chemicals. Before they can be shipped to a disposal site, unknown chemicals require special testing to determine which hazardous properties they possess.  Record the opening date and the date that the chemical should be discarded on the label of chemicals that may degrade to become potentially explosive.  Keep explosive chemicals away from all ignition sources such as open flames, hot surfaces, spark sources, and direct sunlight.  Consider designating a special area for explosive chemical use.  Periodically check containers of chemicals that could become over-pressurized, like highly concentrated formic acid. Note: Release the pressure by unscrewing the cap, using protective heavy- duty gloves, chemically resistant coveralls, safety glasses, face shield, and a safety glass screen between you and the container.

Make sure everyone who uses chemicals that are explosive or could become potentially explosive are thoroughly trained in safe storage methods, conditions to avoid (e.g., contamination), the hazards of the chemical, and disposal procedures.

Chemically reactive substances are stored in designated cabinets in secondary containment and segregated away from incompatibles.

Incompatible Chemicals

Keep these… Away from these… Or you may get these… +  Acids Bases Heat violent reaction Acids or bases Reactive metals (aluminum, Fire beryllium, calcium, lithium, Explosion potassium, magnesium, Hydrogen gas sodium, zinc powder), metal hydrides Water or alcohols Concentrated acids or bases Heat (calcium, lithium, potassium, Fire metal hydrides, other waste Explosion reactives) Flammable and toxic gases Reactive organic Concentrated acids or bases, Fire compounds or solvents reactive metals and metal Explosion (alcohols, aldehydes, hydrides nitrated hydrocarbons) Cyanide or sulfide solutions Acids Toxic hydrogen Cyanide Sulfide gas Strong oxidizers (chlorates, Organic acids, concentrated Fire chlorine, chlorites, chromic mineral acids, reactive metals, Explosion

6 acid, hypochlorites, nitrates, metal hydrides, reactive perchlorates, organic compounds or permanganates, peroxides) solvents, flammable or combustible waste

Designated Areas

Designated area(s) for use and storage of PHS, PEC and water reactive must be established.

All chemicals containing PEC must be secondarily contained with proper signage.

All PECs need to be secondarily contained and labeled as “EXPLOSION RISK”

Signage is required for the container, designated work area and storage location. Sign wording must state the following:

“EXPLOSION RISK” “WATER REACTIVE”

Spill and Accident Procedure

Chemical Spill Dial 911 and x59797

Spill – Help contaminated or injured persons. Evacuate the spill area. Avoid breathing vapors. Eliminate sources of ignition if the chemical is flammable. If possible, confine the spill to a small area using a spill kit or absorbent material. Keep others from entering contaminated area (e.g., use caution tape, barriers, etc.).

Small (<1 L) – If you have training, you may assist in the clean-up effort. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and clean-up material for chemical spilled. Double bag spill waste in clear plastic bags, label and take to the next chemical waste pick-up.

Large (>1 L) – Dial 911 (or 310-825-1491 from cell phone) and EH&S at x59797 for assistance.

7 Chemical Spill on Body or Clothes – Remove clothing and rinse body thoroughly in emergency shower for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S at x59797 immediately.

Chemical Splash Into Eyes – Immediately rinse eyeball and inner surface of eyelid with water for 15 minutes by forcibly holding the eye open. Seek medical attention. Notify supervisor and EH&S at x59797 immediately.

Medical Emergency Dial 911 or x52111

Life Threatening Emergency, After Hours, Weekends And Holidays – Dial 911 (or 310- 825-1491 from cell phone) or contact the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) directly at x52111 (located at 757 Westwood Plaza, enter from Gayley Avenue). Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.

Non-Life Threatening Emergency– Go to the Occupational Health Facility (OHF), x56771, CHS room 67-120 (This is on the 6th floor, 7th corridor, room 120. Enter through the School of Dentistry on Tiverton Drive and proceed to the “O” elevator to the 6th floor.)Hours: M - F, 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. At all other times report to Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) at x52111. Note: All serious injuries must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.

Needle stick/puncture exposure (as applicable to chemical handling procedure) – Wash the affected area with antiseptic soap and warm water for 15 minutes. For mucous membrane exposure, flush the affected area for 15 minutes using an eyewash station. Page the needle stick nurse by dialing 231 from a campus phone, enter 93333 when prompted and then enter your extension. Hours: M – F, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. At all other times report to Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center (emergency room) at x52111. Note: All needle stick/puncture exposures must be reported to EH&S at x59797 within 8 hours.

Decontamination/Waste Disposal Procedure No waste streams containing PECs shall be disposed of in sinks. Decontaminate work space with 70-75% ethanol. Wash hands and arms with soap and water after finished. Contaminated pipet tips, eppendorf tubes, and gloves should be discarded as hazardous waste according to UCLA EH&S waste disposal procedures.

Waste containers containing PEC or water-reactive must be labeled:

“EXPLOSION RISK”

“WATER REACTIVE”

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Location (State the location of MSDS)

Protocol/Procedure: (Add specific description of procedure)

Any deviation from this SOP requires approval from PI.

Documentation of Training (signature of all users is required)

8  Prior to conducting any work with PECs, designated personnel must provide training to his/her laboratory personnel specific to the hazards involved in working with this substance, work area decontamination, and emergency procedures.

 The Principal Investigator must provide his/her laboratory personnel with a copy of this SOP and a copy of the PEC MSDS provided by the manufacturer.

 The Principal Investigator must ensure that his/her laboratory personnel have attended appropriate laboratory safety training or refresher training within the last two years.

I have read and understand the content of this SOP:

Name Signature Date

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