Cell Test Review KEY You can answer the questions on a separate piece of paper if you would like. Key will be posted on my website at 2:30 on Wednesday October 15th. Test is Thursday October 16th!

1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells? Robert Hooke 2. Summarize the work of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. All plants and animals are made of cells 3. What scientist found living organisms in pond water? Anton van Leewenhoek 4. What scientist found one part of the cell theory and what was the part of it that he contributed? Rudolf Virchow: All cells come from pre existing cells 5. What is the cell theory? To what kinds of organisms does the cell theory apply? 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells The cell theory applies to all living organisms 6. List the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are simple, no nucleus, unicellular and no organelles Eukaryotes are complex, contain a nucleus and organelles, multicellular 7. Study your Cell Portfolio. Be able to identify the organelles and their definitions.

8. Complete the chart: Organelle Plant/Animal/Both Main function(s) Cell membrane BOTH Regulates what enters and leaves a cell Cell wall ANIMAL Supports & protects cell Nucleus BOTH Stores DNA, controls most cell

processes, contains information needed to

make proteins Ribosome BOTH Site of protein synthesis in cell Rough E.R. BOTH Synthesizes proteins for export; surface

covered with ribosomes Smooth E.R. BOTH No ribosomes on surface; contains

enzymes that perform specialized tasks Golgi apparatus BOTH Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins for

storage & transport outside the cell Lysosome ANIMAL Filled with enzymes; break down food &

worn out cell parts Vacuole BOTH Storage; very large ones commonly found

in plant cells Mitochondria BOTH Convert stored chemical energy into more

convenient form; double folded membrane Chloroplast PLANT Capture energy from sunlight & convert

to chemical energy through plant

photosynthesis 9. Which organelles help provide cells with energy? Mitochondria and chloroplast 10. What are the functions of the cell membrane? To regulate which materials enter and leave the cell 11. What are the channels and pumps in the cell membrane made of? Proteins 12. Which kinds of organisms have cell walls? Prokaryotes, fungi, plants, some protists; NEVER found in animal cells 13. List the levels of organization in multicellular organisms from simplest to most complex. Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System- Organism 14. What causes an animal cell to swell? Osmotic pressure makes water move into the cell 15. What causes an animal cell to shrink and shrivel? When water moves out of the cell because the solution has too much salt 16. Why is diffusion an example of passive transport? Because it does not require the cell to use any energy because it moves with the concentration gradient from high to low. 17. What are the definitions for the other examples of passive transport? Osmosis: movement of water molecules from high to low concentration Facilitated Diffusion: movement of large molecules through a protein channel/carrier protein through the cell membrane from high to low concentrations. 18. What is active transport? Requires energy. Moves from low to high concentrations against the gradient. 19. What are the two types and examples of active transport? Endocytosis: taking in material by folding the cell membrane. Examples: Phagocytosis (engulfing particles) and Pinocytosis (engulfing liquid particles) Exocytosis: Cell releases large amounts of material 20. List the names of the Kingdoms we learned? Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia 21. What are pseudopods? Fake feet seen on protists 22. What are the cell walls of fungus made up of? Chitin 23. What are the cell walls of plants made up of? Cellulose 24. What are the cell walls of animals made up of? Animal cells do not have cell walls 25. What kingdom does an amoeba belong to? Protist 26. What is the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria? Archaebacteria: bacteria that live in harsh environments like hot springs Eubacteria: your everyday bacteria 27. What is an organelle? What types of cells are they found in? Specialized structures that perform important cellular functions; found within eukaryotic cells 28. What are the parts of the cell membrane? Lipid Bilayer made up of phospholipids and proteins 29. What does facilitated diffusion use to get molecules to cross through a cell membrane? Protein channels/carrier proteins 30. What is an isotonic solution? Solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution. Water moves equally back and forth between the cell and solution.